| 2018年济南市PM2.5叠加沙尘重污染过程分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王治非,张文娟,李敏,吕波,付华轩,孙凤娟,吕晨,边萌.2018年济南市PM2.5叠加沙尘重污染过程分析[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2588-2598. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王治非 张文娟 李敏 吕波 付华轩 孙凤娟 吕晨 边萌 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省济南生态环境监测中心, 山东 济南 250101 |
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| 基金项目： | 济南市科技计划社会民生专项201807008泉城产业领军人才支持计划(创新团队) |
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| 摘 要： | 为揭示重污染过程中多因素的综合作用，选取济南市2018年11月25日-12月4日一次长时间、高强度PM2.5污染和沙尘混合的重污染过程，利用气象资料、空气质量监测结果、激光雷达探测资料及水溶性离子在线数据，开展污染特性以及潜在污染源综合分析.结果表明:①研究期间，首要污染物为颗粒物，ρ（PM10）、ρ（PM2.5）平均值分别为294、141 μg/m3，污染较严重.②根据ρ（PM2.5）/ρ（PM10）将此次重污染过程分为4个阶段，阶段Ⅰ~Ⅳ总水溶性离子浓度分别为（107.3±35.9）（95.2±34.5）（99.0±18.2）（29.3±9.3）μg/m3，分别占ρ（PM2.5）的73.8%、56.9%、64.2%和43.2%.SOR（硫氧转化率）分别为0.47、0.42、0.55、0.25，NOR（氮氧转化率）分别为0.42、0.26、0.28、0.13，表明济南市大气中出现了显著的二次转化过程，SOR均大于NOR表明SO42-转化程度高于NO3-.NO3-/SO42-（质量浓度比）分别为2.97、1.75、1.69、1.45，表明此次污染各阶段中氮和硫的来源以移动源为主.③此次重污染过程济南市ρ（PM2.5）受本地及周边城市传输和两次沙尘过境的综合影响，主要潜在污染源有山东省本地以及江苏省北部、安徽省北部、内蒙古自治区中部和京津冀地区等区域.④近地面均压场、高湿、小风等不利气象因素是导致此次重污染过程的重要因素.研究显示，济南市此次污染过程是不利气象条件、污染物一次积累和二次转化、区域污染传输、沙尘天气等多因素综合作用的结果.
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| 关 键 词： | 重污染 PM2.5 沙尘天气 水溶性离子 潜在污染源 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-17 |
Analysis of Heavy Air Pollution Episode with Combined Sand Storm and High PM2.5 Occurred in Jinan in 2018 |
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| Affiliation: | Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China |
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| Abstract: | Using multiple datasets from meteorological observation, air quality monitoring, lidar detection, and online information of water-soluble ions, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics, mechanisms, potential sources, and the comprehensive effects of multiple factors of a high pollution episode of sand storm combined with high PM2.5 in Jinan from November 25th to December 4th, 2018. The results showed that during this period, the main components of pollution were particulate matters. The average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 was 294 and 141 μg/m3, respectively, indicating a high level of air pollution. The episode was divided into four stages based on the density ratio of PM2.5 and PM10. The average concentrations of total water-soluble ions in stages Ⅰ to Ⅳ were (107.3±35.9) (95.2±34.5) (99.0±18.2) and (29.3±9.3)μg/m3, respectively. They accounted for 73.8%, 56.9%, 64.2% and 43.2% of the mass concentration of PM2.5, respectively. The corresponding sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) was 0.47, 0.42, 0.55 and 0.25, respectively. In contrast, the values of nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) were 0.42, 0.26, 0.28 and 0.13, respectively. The results also showed that there was an obvious process of secondary conversion in the atmosphere of Jinan, and the conversion degree of SO2 was stronger than that of NO2. Meanwhile, the mass-concentration ratio of NO3-/SO42- was 2.97, 1.75, 1.69 and 1.45, respectively. This suggested that mobile sources had a more contribution to the pollution than stationary sources. During this episode, the PM2.5 concentration in Jinan was affected by the local and surrounding cities, as well as the two sand storms. The main potential sources of pollution included Shandong Province, northern Jiangsu Province, northern Anhui Province, central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regions. Unfavorable meteorological factors such as near-ground pressure field, high humidity, and weak winds were important factors that cause to the heavy air pollution. Therefore, the episode was caused by multiple factors including adverse meteorological conditions, primary accumulation and secondary transformation of pollutants, regional transmission, and sand storms. |
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