| 黄河流域生态质量时空变化分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 计伟,刘海江,高吉喜,马欢,宋婷,高艳妮,冯朝阳.黄河流域生态质量时空变化分析[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1700-1709. |
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| 作者姓名： | 计伟 刘海江 高吉喜 马欢 宋婷 高艳妮 冯朝阳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFC0503806国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC0500205 |
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| 摘 要： | 黄河流域在我国社会经济发展和生态安全格局构建方面具有十分重要的地位，流域的生态保护和高质量发展上升为国家重大战略，同时也面临着生态系统退化、水土流失、湿地萎缩等生态问题.为了解黄河流域生态质量状况及其时空变化特征，分析了黄河流域生态格局、植被、生物多样性、生态系统功能和服务价值、县域生态质量等多方面的数据和文献资料.结果表明:①黄河流域大部分县区生态质量状况一般，植被覆盖度由东南向西北递减，上游地区生态系统服务价值高于中游和下游；② 2000—2018年农田生态系统面积占比持续下降，森林、水域面积占比略有增加，聚落面积占比持续上升，20世纪80年代以来整体植被覆盖和生产力状况得到改善，重要生态功能区的生态系统服务价值明显提升；③大部分地区生态状况改善幅度有限，局部仍有退化，流域的生物多样性依然受到严重威胁.因此，建议在恢复植被覆盖的基础上，开展优化生态结构、维护生态过程的相关研究，重点关注生态敏感地区生态保护成效的评估和提升，农耕地区农田生产力对自然生态系统的影响，以及城镇化过程对生态系统服务和生态安全的影响；同时建立黄河流域生态质量综合监测体系，开展监测指标与技术方法的机理和应用研究，这不但是流域生态质量时空变化分析的基础，也是生态保护恢复和管理工作的支撑.
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| 关 键 词： | 黄河流域 生态质量 时空变化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-29 |
Spatial-Temporal Variations of Ecological Quality in the Yellow River Basin |
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| Abstract: | The Yellow River Basin (YRB) plays a key role in China's social and economic development and the construction of ecological security patterns. The high-quality development of this basin has become a major national strategy. The basin also faces several ecological problems such as ecosystem degradation, soil erosion, and wetland shrinkage. In order to understand the ecological quality of YRB and its temporal and spatial variation characteristics, the authors analyzed the data and literature on the ecological pattern, vegetation, biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, and county ecological quality of YRB. The results showed that: (1) The ecological quality of most of the counties in YRB was medium, the vegetation coverage decreased from southeast to northwest, and the ecosystem service value of the upper reaches was greater than that of the middle and lower reaches. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the proportion of farmland ecosystem area continued to decline, the proportion of forest and water area slightly increased, and the settlement continued to rise. The overall vegetation coverage and productivity situation has been improved since the 1980s, as well as the ecosystem service value of the important ecological function area. (3) There was a limited improvement in the fragile ecosystem in most of the basin, some parts degraded unabatedly, and the biodiversity of the basin was still threatened seriously and unceasingly. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out research on the basis of vegetation restoration to improve the ecological structure and maintain the ecological process, focus on the evaluation and improvement of ecological protection effectiveness in ecologically sensitive areas, the impact of farmland productivity on natural ecology in agricultural areas, and the impact of urbanization on ecological services and ecological security. At the same time, a comprehensive monitoring system for ecological quality in the Yellow River Basin should be established. The mechanism and application of monitoring indicators and technical methods are not only the basis of spatial-temporal analysis of watershed ecological quality, but also the support of ecological protection, restoration and management. |
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