| 不同水深对挺水植物形态和生理指标的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄晓龙,谢洪民,魏伟伟,李宽意.不同水深对挺水植物形态和生理指标的影响[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2706-2713. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄晓龙 谢洪民 魏伟伟 李宽意 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目31930074国家自然科学基金项目32001157中国科学院科技服务网络STS计划区域重点项目KFJ-STS-QYZD-156 |
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| 摘 要： | 中国环境科学研究院研究团队前期确定3种适宜太湖沿岸带生态修复的挺水植物为菰（Zizania latifolia）、再力花（Thalia dealbata）和慈姑（Sagittaria trifolia）.挺水植物对水深要求较高，过高或过低的水深高度都会限制其生长，为探讨不同水深对挺水植物的影响，确定这3种挺水植物最适宜的水深高度，该研究进一步设置不同梯度水深高度——高水深（40 cm）、中水深（20 cm）和低水深（10 cm），试验历时42 d，收获时测定这3种挺水植物的地上和地下部分形态指标（地上部分干质量、地下部分干质量、叶面积和根系长度）、相对生长速率（RGR）指标和生理指标总可溶性糖、植物超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和丙二醛（malonic dialdehyde，MDA）]含量.结果表明:①不同水深对挺水植物性状指标均有显著影响，较高或较低的水深都会影响挺水植物地上和地下部分形态指标、相对生长速率指标和生理指标，且挺水植物可以通过调节形态和生理指标来适应和抵抗水深胁迫带来的不利影响.②在高水深这一胁迫条件下，3种挺水植物都倾向于产生更多的总可溶性糖、SOD和MDA，显示出植物对高水深这一胁迫的生理适应性.③高水深对慈姑具有较强的抑制作用，再力花对水深的耐受性高于慈姑，而菰对高水深的适应性最强.研究显示，不同植物对水深的适应性不同，在实际的生态修复工程中应使用不同挺水植物组合配置以抵抗水深变化.
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| 关 键 词： | 水生植物 生态修复 太湖 水深 沿岸带 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-02-24 |
Effect of Different Water Depths on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Emergent Plants |
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| Abstract: | After preliminary screening by a team from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, three emergent plants suitable for ecological restoration were identified in the riparian zone of Lake Taihu, including Zizania latifolia, Thalia dealbata and Sagittaria trifolia. The emergent plants have high requirements for the water depth and excessively high or low water depths will inhibit the growth of emergent plants. To investigate the response of emergent plants to water depth, this study used high water depth (40 cm), medium water depth (20 cm) and low water depth (10 cm) treatments and measured the above- and below-ground morphological traits (above-ground dry mass, below-ground dry mass, leaf area and root length), relative growth rate (RGR), and physiological parameters (total soluble sugar, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonic dialdehyde (MDA)) of the three emergent plants. The effects of different water depths on the traits of these emergent plants were determined after 42 d. The results show that: (1) Different water depths significantly affected all traits of the emergent plants. Relatively high and low water depths affected the above- and below-ground morphological traits, RGR and physiological parameters, and the emergent plants adapted to and resisted the negative effects from water depth stress by regulating these traits. (2) Under the stress of high water depth, the three emergent plants tended to produce higher total soluble sugars, SOD and MDA, indicating physiological adaptation to high water depth stress. (3) High water depth inhibited S. Trifolia growth, T. dealbata was more tolerant to water depth than S. trifolia, and Z. latifolia was the most water depth-tolerant plant. This study indicates that different plants have distinct adaptations to water depth, and different plant assemblages should be used to resist water depth changes in the ecological restoration projects. |
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