| 农药制造业产排污系数核算技术体系框架构建 |
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| 引用本文： | 苑文凯,迮晓慧,施玛丽,郭欣妍,王娜.农药制造业产排污系数核算技术体系框架构建[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1569-1575. |
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| 作者姓名： | 苑文凯 迮晓慧 施玛丽 郭欣妍 王娜 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏 南京 210042 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项GYZX190106国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项2017ZX07301003江苏省环保科研课题2019021 |
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| 摘 要： | 工业污染源产排污系数是工业源污染物排放量核算的主要方法之一.由于多样的农药品类、生产工艺类型、污染物种类，农药制造业产排污系数制定相当困难.而国内对于农药制造业产排污系数制定的方法论鲜有报道.该研究结合农药制造业现阶段产排污特征及环境管理要求，构建科学的产排污系数核算技术体系.通过梳理我国385家农药原药生产企业排污许可证信息，识别出农药生产过程的污染物产生、治理与排放特征.依据现行行业环境标准体系及管理文件，确定废气产污系数指标因子为挥发性有机物（VOCs），废水产污系数指标因子主要为化学需氧量、氨氮、总磷、总氮及特征污染物.在构建产排污系数核算体系基本框架的基础上，给出产排污核算技术体系中组合方式、污染因子、个体产污系数、行业平均产污系数、核算权重、末端治理设施污染物平均去除效率、排污量核算形式这7个要素的获取方法及内容.提出将吨产品废水量、吨产品易挥发有机类物质使用量作为行业平均产污系数核算权重.采用类比-模拟法计算VOCs多级末端治理设施平均去除效率，并引入基于用电功率的综合管控效率因子，体现不同企业间治理设施运行水平的差异，从而进一步量化企业排污管控能力.选取一家企业进行了产污系数与实际排污量验证，结果误差为15.54%.研究显示，本文构建的产排污核算技术体系合理有效，核算结果与实际排污量相符性较高.
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| 关 键 词： | 农药制造业 产排污系数 核算技术 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-04 |
Construction of Technical Accounting System Framework of Pollutant Generation and Discharge Coefficient: Case of Pesticide Manufacturing Industry |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China2.Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China |
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| Abstract: | The pollutant generation and discharge coefficient of industrial pollution sources is one of the main methods to calculate industrial pollution emissions. Due to the super-diversity of pesticide products, types of production processes, and pollution factors, it is difficult to formulate the pollutant generation and discharge coefficients for pesticide production. However, there are few reports on the methodologies of the pollutant generation and discharge coefficients in China's pesticide manufacturing industry. The scientific accounting system framework of the pollutant generation and discharge coefficients was constructed based on the current pollutant generation and discharge characteristics of pesticide manufacturing industry and environmental management requirements. We identified the characteristics of pollutants generation, treatment and discharge in the pesticide production process by sorting out the pollution discharge permit information of 385 pesticide manufacturers. According to the current pesticide industry environmental standard systems and management documents, we determined that the main pollutants of waste gas were volatile organic compounds (VOCs), while the main pollution factors of waste water were chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and characteristic pollutants. Based on the framework construction of the pollutant generation and discharge coefficient system, this paper described the acquisition methods and contents of seven influencing factors, including the combination mode, the pollution factors, the individual pollutant generation coefficients, the industry average pollutant generation coefficients, the accounting weight, the average removal efficiency of pollutants from terminal treatment facilities, and the accounting form of the discharge volume. In addition, the waste water and the volatile organic matter consumption per ton product were determined as the weight of the industrial average pollution coefficients. In this paper, the analogy simulation method was used to calculate the average removal efficiency of VOCs from multi-stage terminal treatment facilities, and a comprehensive control efficiency factor based on power consumption was introduced to show the difference in pollution control level among different enterprises, and to further quantify the emission control capacity of enterprises. An enterprise was selected to verify the pollutant generation coefficient and the actual discharge volume, and the deviation rate was 15.54%, indicating that the accounting system of the generation and discharge coefficient was reasonable and effective, and the calculation results were consistent with the actual discharge. |
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