| 城镇污水处理厂出水排放限值分级及提标成本研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 蔡木林,卢延娜,刘琰,赵丽娜,杨占红,魏玉霞,王海燕.城镇污水处理厂出水排放限值分级及提标成本研究[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1562-1568. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蔡木林 卢延娜 刘琰 赵丽娜 杨占红 魏玉霞 王海燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项2017ZX07301003-04 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解城镇污水处理厂不同提标改造要求对成本的影响程度，围绕水环境质量改善目标，提出城镇污水处理厂排放限值的分级体系设计.在排放浓度分级方面，梳理现行国家和地方城镇污水处理厂排放标准，将其主要水污染物的排放浓度限值分为四级，按照从宽到严的顺序，分别为GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准（四级）、GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中准Ⅴ类水质标准（三级）、准Ⅳ类水质标准（二级）和准Ⅲ类水质标准（一级）的浓度水平，并对从四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级排放限值进行技术经济评估.结果表明:对于一座设计规模为10×104 t/d的城镇污水处理厂，由四级分别提高到三级、二级和一级，需增加的成本和占地面积逐步提高.当排放限值从四级提高到一级时，成本与占地面积增加最多，其中投资成本增加1.1×108~1.4×108元，运行成本增加1.6~1.8元/t，土地占用面积增加2 000 m2.以某中等城市为例，提标到最严格的一级限值最高需要增加投资成本24.4×108~31.1×108元，新增运行成本13.0×108~14.6×108元/a，增加占地面积6.8×104 m2.研究显示，城镇污水处理厂出水可直接与水质改善目标相衔接，且将大幅度增加污水处理厂的成本.
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| 关 键 词： | 城镇污水处理厂 主要水污染物 排放限值分级 成本分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-11-30 |
Classification of Effluent Discharge Limits of Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant and Cost of Upgrading Standard |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to understand the impact of the requirements of upgrading the effluent quality standards on the cost, we proposed a system to classify the effluent discharge limits of municipal sewage treatment plants. We synthesized current national and local discharge standards of municipal sewage treatment plants, and classified the discharge limits of major contaminants present in wastewater into four levels, namely grade 1-A of Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Waste (GB 18918-2002) (level 4), quasi grade V of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) (level 3), quasi grade Ⅳ (level 2) and quasi gradeⅢ (level 1). Then, we assessed the technical and economic feasibility of upgrading the effluent discharge level from level 4 to level 3, 2, and 1, respectively. We found that the cost and floor area were greater from (level 4→level 1) > (level 4→level 2) > (level 4→level 3) when the discharge concentration limits were upgraded for a 10×104 t/d municipal sewage treatment plan. When upgrading discharge quality from level 4 to level 1, the investment cost increased by 1.1×108-1.4×108 RMB, operating cost increased from 1.6 to 1.8 RMB per ton, and the floor area increased by 2000 m2. Taking a medium-sized city in China as an example, the maximum investment cost increased by 24.4×108-31.1×108 RMB, operating cost increased by 13.0×108-14.6×108 RMB per year, and the floor area increased by 6.8×104 m2. Our results indicate that the effluent of municipal sewage treatment plants can be directly linked to the goal of improving water quality, which will drive the costs of treatment up substantially. |
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