| 我国臭氧污染形势分析及成因初探 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜华,常宏咪.我国臭氧污染形势分析及成因初探[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1576-1582. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜华 常宏咪 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012 |
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| 摘 要： | 为揭示我国近地面臭氧的污染特征，甄别导致高浓度臭氧形成的关键影响因素，该文在探究我国重点区域近年来O3污染特征的基础上，对O3污染成因进行了初步分析.结果表明:①近年来我国O3污染呈缓慢上升态势，2019年夏季异常高温、干旱的极端天气导致O3污染偏重.京津冀及周边地区等重点区域O3浓度明显高于欧美等发达国家和地区.②从时间上看，我国O3污染主要出现在夏季及其前后，O3浓度峰值一般出现在午后.从空间上看，O3污染主要集中在京津冀及周边、汾渭平原和苏皖鲁豫交界地区，其次是长三角和珠三角区域，成渝和长江中游地区O3污染也逐渐凸显.我国O3污染程度主要以轻度污染为主，重点区域O3和PM2.5污染时空分异性特征明显.③前体物方面，我国NOx和人为源VOCs的排放量总体处于高位，京津冀及周边地区和长三角为全国NOx和VOCs排放强度较大的区域.近地表大气O3形成机理复杂，O3浓度与前体物VOCs和NOx均呈复杂的非线性响应关系.气候变化和气象因素对O3污染影响显著，O3及其前体物在区域和城市之间存在相互输送影响.研究显示，我国臭氧污染形势严峻，未来针对臭氧污染防控应加强对多时空尺度下不同区域臭氧污染的形成机理与主导因素的研究.
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| 关 键 词： | O3 重点区域 污染形势 成因分析 前体物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-29 |
Analysis of China's Ozone Pollution Situation,Preliminary Investigation of Causes and Prevention and Control Recommendations |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to reveal the characteristics of near-ground ozone pollution in China and identify the key influencing factors leading to the formation of high-concentration ozone, this paper makes a preliminary analysis of the causes of O3 pollution on the basis of exploring the characteristics of O3 pollution in recent years. The results show that O3 pollution has been slowly increasing in recent years, and the extreme high temperature and drought in the summer of 2019 led to heavy O3 pollution. The O3 concentration in key areas such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas is significantly higher than the developed countries and regions such as Europe and the United States. From the time point of view, O3 pollution mainly occurs in summer and around in China, and the peak O3 concentration generally occurs in the afternoon. From a spatial point of view, O3 pollution is mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Fenwei Plain and the junction of Jiangsu Province, Anhui Province, Shandong Province and Henan Province, followed by the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. O3 pollution in Chengdu, Chongqing and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has gradually become prominent. The degree of O3 pollution in China is mainly light pollution, and the temporal and spatial differences of O3 and PM2.5 pollution in key areas are obvious. The emission of NOx and anthropogenic VOCs in China is generally at a high level. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region and the surrounding areas and the Yangtze River Delta are regions with high emission intensity of NOx and VOCs. The formation mechanism of O3 in the near-surface atmosphere is complicated, and the O3 concentration has a significant non-linear response relationship with precursors VOCs and NOx. Climate change and meteorological factors have a complexed impact on O3 pollution, and O3 and its precursors have mutual transport effects between regions and cities. Studies have shown that the situation of ozone pollution in China is severe. In the future, the prevention and control of ozone pollution should strengthen the research on the formation mechanism and leading factors of ozone pollution in different regions on multi-temporal and spatial scales. |
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