| 北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴磊石,洪鸣,彭梦微,王晓旭,蓝文陆,曲玲,张微微.北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2556-2562. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴磊石 洪鸣 彭梦微 王晓旭 蓝文陆 曲玲 张微微 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站, 广西 北海 536000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2016YFC1402201广西壮族自治区重点研发计划项目Guike AB20297018 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了研究北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料形态特性及分布特征，采用孔径为330 μm的Manta网对该区域表层水体12个站位微塑料样品进行采集，通过硫酸亚铁溶液和过氧化氢对海水中的干扰物质进行消解，并用滤膜进行微塑料分离，采用体式显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对微塑料的尺寸、形状、颜色和成分进行分析.结果表明:①北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的平均丰度为（0.56±1.02）个/m3，与国内外其他海湾相比处于中等水平.②1~2 mm粒径范围内的微塑料数量最多，占全部微塑料数量的30.4%；主要形状为泡沫和薄膜，占比分别为62.7%和15.4%；颜色以白色和半透明为主，占比分别为68.8%和16.4%；微塑料主要成分为聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯，占比分别为59.8%、20.9%和17.6%.③受人类活动、河流输入、盛行风和海洋环流结构等因素的影响，北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的空间分布呈现近岸高、远岸低的特征.④根据对微塑料的形状、成分特征的分析，推测北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料的主要来源是海水养殖和海洋渔业捕捞活动.研究显示，北部湾海域表层水体中微塑料污染呈现近岸高于远岸的特征，受海洋渔业活动影响显著，建议加强对北部湾海水养殖和海洋渔业捕捞活动的管控，预防和减少渔业塑料垃圾污染.
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| 关 键 词： | 北部湾 表层水体 微塑料 分布特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-29 |
Distribution Characteristics of Microplastics in Surface Water of Beibu Gulf |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Marine Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Beihai 536000, China2.National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the physical and chemical characteristics and distribution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf, 330 μm mesh surface trawls were used to collect microplastics in the surface water at 12 stations. The samples in seawater were digested by ferrous sulfate solution and hydrogen peroxide, and the microplastics were separated by a filter membrane. The size, shape and color of the microplastics were analyzed by stereomicroscope and the composition of the microplastics were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results showed that: (1) The average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf was (0.56±1.02) pieces/m3, which was at a medium level compared with other bay areas in the world. (2) The particle size of most microplastics was between 1 mm to 2 mm, accounting for 30.4% of the total microplastics. The main shapes were foam and film, accounting for 62.7% and 15.4%, respectively. The colors were mainly white and translucent, accounting for 68.8% and 16.4%, respectively. The main components of microplastics were polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene, which account for 59.8%, 20.9% and 17.6%, respectively. (3) Affected by human activities, river input, prevailing wind and ocean circulation structure, the spatial distribution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf was characterized by higher abundance nearshore than offshore. (4) Based on the characteristics of the shape and composition of the microplastics, it is speculated that the main sources of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf were mariculture and marine fishery activities. In summary, the pollution of microplastics in the surface water of the Beibu Gulf is higher in nearshore water than offshore. It is significantly affected by marine fishery activities. It is recommended to strengthen the control of mariculture and marine fishing activities in the Beibu Gulf to prevent and reduce the microplastic pollution. |
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