| 橡胶制品行业优控物质分析及控制对策研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 孟洁,肖咸德,卢志强,邹克华,王心钰,翟增秀.橡胶制品行业优控物质分析及控制对策研究[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(5):1079-1090. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孟洁 肖咸德 卢志强 邹克华 王心钰 翟增秀 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.天津市生态环境科学研究院, 国家环境保护恶臭污染控制重点实验室, 天津 300191 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家环境保护标准项目2020-50天津自然科学基金项目18JQNJC08800 |
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| 摘 要： | 为深入研究橡胶制品行业异味污染成因，采用仪器和感官分析方法对轮胎企业、橡胶板管带企业、橡胶零件企业、日用及医用橡胶制品企业和再生橡胶制品企业的VOCs（挥发性有机物）和异味物质进行定性定量分析.应用气味活度值法确定炼胶、硫化、脱硫工序特征异味物质，使用聚类分析、主成分分析和综合评价法筛选橡胶制品行业前20项优先控制污染物.结果表明:①炼胶、硫化、脱硫工序的TVOC（总挥发性有机物）平均排放浓度分别为15.723 5、4.660 9、98.816 5 mg/m3.②共识别出150种VOCs和异味物质，主要包括正己烷、正庚烷等脂肪烃，苯乙烯、二甲苯等芳香化合物，丙酮、甲基异丁酮等含氧化合物，以及二甲二硫、二硫化碳等有机硫化物.③依据GB 14554-1993《恶臭污染物排放标准》，脱硫工序及所有采样企业厂界臭气浓度值均超标，其他生产工序的有组织废气的臭气浓度均达到排放标准.④行业主要致臭物质包括异丁醛、异戊醛、己基硫醇、丁基硫醇、苯乙烯和三甲胺等.⑤行业前20项优先控制污染物包括苯乙烯、甲基环己烷、三甲胺、二硫化碳、1，2，4-三甲苯、甲基异丁酮、对二甲苯、乙醛、羰基硫、乙苯等.研究显示:炼胶、硫化工序TVOC平均排放水平较低，主要致臭物质种类基本相同；再生橡胶制品脱硫和精炼工序的TVOC排放水平较高，异味污染严重，需注重产业结构调整、改进行业技术工艺及加强行业标准规范化.
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| 关 键 词： | 橡胶制品行业 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 异味污染 优控污染物 控制对策 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-23 |
Assessment of the Major Contributors of Volatile Compounds and Countermeasures in Rubber Products Industry |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China2.Environmental Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., in Tianjin, Tianjin 300191, China3.School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China |
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| Abstract: | The rubber industry has caused concerns of residents and the government because of the serious odor pollution in the production processes. For in-depth study of the causes of odor pollution, this work confirmed the main characteristics of mixing, vulcanizing and devulcanizing of 8 rubber companies by instrument and sensory analysis. In addition, the work gave specific substances of three processes by odor activity value, sifting through 20 precedence-controlled pollutants by cluster analysis, principal component analysis and fuzzy synthetic system. The control and strategy will be improved by analyzing emission characteristics. The results show that: (1) The average TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) released from mixing, vulcanizing and devulcanizing were 15.7235, 4.6609, 98.8165 mg/m3, respectively. (2) 150 kinds of VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and odor substances were identified, mainly including alkenes (e.g. n-hexane, n-heptane, methylcyclohexane), aromatic compounds (e.g. benzene, toluene, styrene), oxygenated compounds (e.g. acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol) and sulfides (e.g. methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon sulfide). (3) The odor concentration in desulfurization process and plant boundary exceeded the standard of Emission Standarads for Odor Pollutants (GB 14554-1993). (4) The main odorants in the rubber industry were aldehydes (e.g. isobutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde), sulfides (e.g. hexylmercaptan, butylmercaptan), styrene and trimethylamine. (5) The industry's top 20 control VOC pollutants included styrene, methylcyclohexane, trimethylamine, carbon disulfide, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, methyl isobutyl ketone, p-xylene, acetaldehyde, carbonyl sulfide, ethylbenzene, and so on. In conclusion, the average TVOCs released by the rubber industry is less than other key industries, except devulcanizing and refining. The types of odorants were basically similar between mixing and vulcanizing. It is important to adjust industrial structure, improve production technology and strengthen standard management for abating VOC and odor pollution in waste tire rubber recycling. |
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