| 湖滨带不同植物群落对水体氮磷净化效果的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张旭,付子轼,陈桂发,蔡敏,崔娜欣,周丽,邹国燕.湖滨带不同植物群落对水体氮磷净化效果的研究[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(6):1370-1377. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张旭 付子轼 陈桂发 蔡敏 崔娜欣 周丽 邹国燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市科委国内科技合作项目19295801000 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了研究湖滨带不同植物群落对水体氮磷的净化效果，选取芦苇（Phragmites australis）、荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）、黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、马来眼子菜（Potamogeton wrightii Morong）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）和狐尾藻（Myriophyllum verticillatum）7种常见植物作为研究对象，构建自然式（NSC）、逆序式（RSC）和芦苇（PAC）3种不同植物群落以及空白对照（CK），通过野外模拟试验进行水质净化研究，观测不同植物群落对水体总氮（total nitrogen，TN）、总磷（total phosphorus，TP）和氨氮（ammonia，NH4+-N）的净化效果.结果表明:①湖滨带植物群落对水体氮磷的净化能力存在明显的周期性，净化能力与其自身的生长周期及温度密切相关.②RSC去除水体TN速率较快的时间是6—7月和11—12月，NSC是6—7月、8—9月和11—12月，PAC是8—9月和11—12月；NSC、RSC和PAC去除水体NH4+-N和TP速率较快的时间基本一致，均是6—7月.③植物群落能有效提升湖滨带对水体氮磷的净化效果，至试验结束，3种植物群落处理对水体TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为53.37%~61.13%、71.36%~77.67%、70.45%~74.60%，去除贡献率分别为7.47%~15.23%、12.42%~18.73%、4.90%~9.05%；不同植物群落处理去除氮磷能力依次为RSC>NSC>PAC.④RSC对水体TN、NH4+-N、TP的去除率显著高于（P < 0.05）空白对照（CK）.研究显示，多种植物群落（RSC、NSC）较单一植物（PAC）具有更强的净化能力，相同植物不同的排序方式（RSC、NSC）对水体氮磷的净化效果存在差异，因此在实际水体修复过程中可以考虑对不同类型植物搭配组合以及调整排序方式以提升对污染水体的修复效果.
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| 关 键 词： | 湖滨带 植物群落 氮 磷 净化效果 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-24 |
Purification Effect of Different Plant Communities on Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Riparian Zone |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection Research, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China2.Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai 201415, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the purification performance of different macrophyte communities in the riparian zone, seven macrophyte communities including namely, Phragmites australis, Nymphoides peltatum, Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton wrightii Morong, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum verticillatum were tested. The study consisted of three kinds of plant combinations: natural succession community (NSC), P. australis community (PAC) and reverse succession community (RSC), the riparian zone without plants was used as a control treatment (CK). A simulation experiment of water purification was performed in the field. Total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) were measured. The research results show that: (1) plant communities'ability to purify water pollutants had evident periodicity, and was closely related to their own growth cycle and temperature. (2) The TN removal rate by RSC was faster in June-July and November-December, while the removal rate of the NSC was in June-July, August-September and November-December. However, PAC achieved fast removal efficacy of TN in August-September and November-December. The removal rates of NH4+-N and TP in NSC, RSC and PAC were achieved in June-July. (3) The plant communities could effectively enhance purification efficiencies of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in water. The removal rates of TN, NH4+-N and TP in NSC, PAC and RSC were 53.37%-61.13%, 71.36%-77.67% and 70.45%-74.60%, the net removal rates were 7.47%-15.23%, 12.42%-18.73% and 4.90%-9.05%, respectively. The purification capability of the three communities for TN, NH4+-N and TP could be arranged in descending order of RSC > NSC > PAC. (4) The RSC had the highest efficiencies of TN, NH4+-N and TP purification that were substantially higher than CK (P < 0.05). The results showed that in the three kinds of plant communities, the complicated culture zones (RSC, NSC) had higher removal ability, different sequencing methods of the same plants (RSC and NSC) had different purification effects on N and P in water. Therefore, we should select different aquatic plant combinations for repairing the contaminated water. |
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