| 我国水环境风险管理进展、挑战与战略对策研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 符志友,张衍燊,冯承莲,郭昌胜,游静,孙宇巍,刘新妹,吴丰昌.我国水环境风险管理进展、挑战与战略对策研究[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(7):1532-1541. |
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| 作者姓名： | 符志友 张衍燊 冯承莲 郭昌胜 游静 孙宇巍 刘新妹 吴丰昌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项2017ZX07301005国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项2018ZX07208001 |
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| 摘 要： | 近年来我国水环境质量持续改善，但水环境风险及管控形势仍然严峻，化工厂爆炸和尾矿泄漏等突发性水环境事故频发，有毒有害污染物超标等累积性污染风险突出.该文着眼于水环境污染风险，对影响推进我国水环境风险管理的突出问题进行梳理，发现部分法律法规内容可操作性和防控力度有待完善提升、管理体系制度间衔接亟需加强、基础研究及支撑技术规范化不足、企业责任主体对风险防控的主动性不够、流域风险底数不清等问题，提出针对性的战略对策建议，包括加强顶层设计、统筹管理体系和制度的3个衔接、加强环境基准标准/风险评估/监测/应急处置4个方面的科学研究、构建以环境责任险和损害评估为核心的主动防控风险倒逼机制、开展重点水域风险普查摸清底数，提出水环境风险管理战略路线思路，强调环境风险防控关口前移、与现有环境管理体系相结合，统筹推进水环境风险管理.
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| 关 键 词： | 水环境 污染 风险评估 风险管理 管控策略 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-11 |
Progress,Challenge and Strategic Countermeasures of Chinese Pollution Risk Management of Water Environment |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Center for Environmental Health, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China3.Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510443, China |
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| Abstract: | In recent years, China's water environment quality has continued to improve, but water environment risks and management and control situation are still severe. Sudden water environment accidents such as chemical plant explosions and tailings leakage occur frequently, and cumulative pollution risks such as toxic and harmful pollutants exceed the standard. This article focuses on the risks of water environmental pollution, and sorts out the outstanding issues that affect the promotion of pollution risk management of water environment. It should be pointed out that the operability and prevention and control of some laws and regulations need to be improved, the connection between management systems and institutions needs to be strengthened, basic research and supporting technical standardization are insufficient, enterprises are not sufficiently proactive in risk prevention and control, and the base of river basin risks is unclear, etc. Accordingly targeted strategic countermeasures are proposed, including strengthening the top-level design and coordinating the three linkages of management systems and systems, strengthening scientific research in four aspects including environmental criteria standards/risk assessment/monitoring/emergency water treatment, establishing an active prevention and control mechanism of risk with environmental liability insurance and damage assessment as the core, conducting risk surveys in key water areas to find out the bottom line. The proposed strategic route of pollution risk management of water environment highlights the advancement of environmental risk prevention and control measures and the integration of existing environmental management systems, and the overall promotion of risk management of water environment. |
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