| 转Cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米HGK60对生物多样性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈彦君,李俊生,闫冰,关潇,陶均.转Cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米HGK60对生物多样性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(4):964-975. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈彦君 李俊生 闫冰 关潇 陶均 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京 100012;海南大学热带作物学院,海南 海口 570228;中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京 100012;江西省科学院能源研究所,江西 南昌 330096;海南大学热带作物学院,海南 海口 570228 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业农村部转基因生物新品种培育重大专项2016ZX08012005 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着转基因作物种植面积的不断扩大，其潜在的环境风险也逐渐成为关注热点.为进一步明确转基因作物种植可能带来的生态环境安全问题，以2018年11月于海南省乐东黎族自治县种植的转Cry1Ah基因抗虫玉米HGK60（简称“HGK60”）及其对照常规玉米郑58（简称“郑58”）为研究对象，采用高通量测序及田间调查的方法，重点探讨了其环境释放对田间生物多样性的影响.结果表明:①HGK60种植对根际土壤微生物的影响仅出现在某些生育期，alpha多样性、beta多样性分析均显示，仅抽穗期、完熟期HGK60与郑58差异显著（P < 0.05），但该差异并不会在玉米的整个生长阶段持续出现，至玉米收获后差异不再显著（P>0.05）；生育期是影响根际土壤微生物的因素之一.②玉米田间节肢动物共调查到节肢动物19 835头，隶属于7目19科60种.HGK60与郑58田间除螟蛾科数量在苗期、喇叭口期、抽穗期表现为差异显著（P < 0.05）外，其他物种的差异均仅表现在某个生育期，并未在整个生育期持续出现；从整体上看，HGK60田间节肢动物各生态学指标均与郑58差异不显著（P>0.05）.③玉米田间杂草发生种类主要有8科、16种，多为一年生杂草，HGK60种植对田间杂草密度及生态学指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）.研究显示，HGK60的种植会在部分生育期对根际土壤微生物产生影响，但玉米收获后影响不显著且其种植对田间节肢动物及杂草多样性无显著影响（P>0.05）.
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| 关 键 词： | 转基因玉米 根际土壤 微生物 节肢动物 杂草 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-02 |
Impact of Transgenic Insect-Resistant Maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah Gene on Biodiversity in the Fields |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.College of Tropical Crops Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China3.Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Science, Nanchang 330096, China |
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| Abstract: | With the expansion of planting areas of transgenic crops, the potential environmental risk of transgenic crops has become the focus of attention. In order to further clarify the possible ecological and environmental safety problems caused by transgenic crops, the transgenic insect-resistant maize HGK60 with Cry1Ah gene (HGK60 for short) and the control maize Zheng 58 (Zheng 58 for short) were selected and planted in Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province in November 2018. High-throughput sequencing and field investigation were used to focus on the impacts of environmental release on biodiversity. The results showed that: (1) The effect of HGK60 planting on rhizosphere soil microorganism was only found in certain growth stages. The analysis of alpha diversity and beta diversity showed that there was a significant difference between HGK60 and Zheng 58 at heading stage and maturity stage (P < 0.05), but the difference did not persist in the whole growth stage of maize and the difference was no longer significant after harvest (P>0.05). Growth period is one of the factors affecting rhizosphere soil microorganism. (2) There was a total of 19, 835 arthropods, belonging to 60 species, 19 families and 7 orders in maize field. There were significant differences in the number of Pyralidae between HGK60 and Zheng 58 in seedling stage, bell stage and heading stage (P < 0.05). The differences in other species were only shown in certain growth stages, but not in the whole growth period. On the whole, ecological indexes of arthropods in HGK60 were not significantly different from that of Zheng 58 (P>0.05). (3) 16 species of weeds in the fields belonged to 8 families, most of which were annual weeds. HGK60 planting had no significant effect on density and ecological indexes of weeds (P>0.05). The results showed that the planting of HGK60 had significant effect on the rhizosphere soil microorganisms in certain growth stages, but the effect was not significant after harvest. The planting of HGK60 had no significant effect on the diversity of arthropods and weeds in the fields. |
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