| 基于全球陆地生态系统的水源涵养服务价值时空变化分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 高月明,吴文俊,蒋洪强,段扬,周夏飞,马国霞.基于全球陆地生态系统的水源涵养服务价值时空变化分析[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(11):2696-2705. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高月明 吴文俊 蒋洪强 段扬 周夏飞 马国霞 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.生态环境部环境规划院, 国家环境保护环境规划与政策模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家生态环境资产核算体系建立项目2110105长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目2019-LHYJ-01-0204长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目2019-LHYJ-01-0204-50 |
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| 摘 要： | 开展全球尺度的水源涵养评估工作，可量化各国家和地区生态环境保护和高质量发展水平.以水量平衡法和替代成本法评估全球183个国家和地区的生态系统水源涵养服务的实物量和价值量，结果表明:①2015年全球陆地生态系统水源涵养服务价值接近25×1012美元，中国、澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、俄罗斯排名前5位，全球单位面积水源涵养服务价值为17.98×104美元/km2.②2000-2015年水源涵养实物量呈现先减后增的趋势，年均增长率为1.05%，喜马拉雅山脉附近增幅最大，水源涵养实物量的时空变化特征与生态系统类型转移趋势基本一致.③全球发达国家人均水源涵养服务价值为0.99×104美元，单位面积价值量为23.6×104美元/km2，具有良好的生态环境禀赋，而部分非洲国家或最不发达国家的生态产品价值转化能力不足，需实现生态产品价值转化.中国迫于人口基数巨大，需提升生态系统服务价值来进一步提升人均水平.④聚类分析结果显示，澳大利亚、中国、印度、印度尼西亚具有"高"水平生态系统水源涵养服务价值，整体处于第一梯队.研究显示，全球陆地生态系统水源涵养服务价值时空异质性显著，分国家和地区、分生态系统类型评估水源涵养服务价值可为全球生态系统服务价值评估提供重要参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 水源涵养 全球变化 生态系统服务价值 实物量 陆地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-29 |
Spatiotemporal Changes of Water Conservation Services Value Based on Global Terrestrial Ecosystem |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China2.Research Center for Ecological Environment and Economic Accounting, Institute of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Beijing 100012, China3.The Center for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Regional Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Global water conservation assessment could quantify ecological environment protection and high-quality development in various countries and regions. Biophysical quantity and monetary value of ecosystem water conservation services (WCS) in 183 countries were calculated based on the water balance method and alternative cost method. The results demonstrated that: (1) The water conservation services value of the global terrestrial ecosystem was close to 25 trillion USD in 2015, among which China, Australia, USA, Canada and Russia were the top five. The water conservation services value per unit area was 179, 800 USD per km2. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the biophysical quantity of water conservation showed a trend of a climb up and then a decrease, with an average annual growth rate of 1.05% and the most significant increase near the Himalayas. The spatiotemporal variation characteristics of water conservation services value were consistent with the trend of ecosystem type transfer. (3) The global developed countries had 9, 900 USD per capita and 236, 000 USD per km2, respectively, with good ecological environment endowment. However, some African countries or the least developed countries had a typical lack of ability to transform the value of ecological products, which should increase the value transformation of ecological products. Due to the magnificent population base, China was supposed to enhance the value of ecosystem services and then further enhance the overall per capita level. (4) The cluster analysis results showed that Australia, China, India and Indonesia had the 'highest' level of ecosystem water conservation value, which is in the first echelon as a whole. The results show that the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of global terrestrial ecosystem water conservation services value was significant. Calculating water conservation services value by country and ecosystem type provides an important reference for the global ecosystem services value assessment. |
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