| SPARROW模型在水环境管理中的应用及发展趋势 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑佳琦,李文攀,霍守亮,何卓识,曹祥会,马春子,黄炜惠.SPARROW模型在水环境管理中的应用及发展趋势[J].环境科学研究,2021,34(9):2200-2207. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑佳琦 李文攀 霍守亮 何卓识 曹祥会 马春子 黄炜惠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目2017YFA0605003国家自然科学基金项目51922010 |
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| 摘 要： | 模型是研究水环境变化、进行水环境管理的重要工具.SPARROW（spatially referenced regressions on watershed attributes）是一个基于质量平衡方法将监测数据与流域特征和污染物来源信息相关联的非线性流域回归模型，具有数据需求量少、结构透明、普适性强等优点.为深刻理解SPARROW模型在水环境管理中的应用现状及未来发展趋势，笔者对SPARROW模型的原理以及其在营养物背景浓度模拟、水质评价、水质目标管理、气候变化对水环境影响等方面应用的国内外研究现状进行了系统梳理.结果表明:①通过选择合适的参考点，SPARROW模型可以有效模拟流域背景营养物通量和浓度，为流域水质标准的制定提供参照依据.②SPARROW模型可将营养物监测获得的数据信息外推至未监测区域，在水质监测数据数量有限的情况下进行水质评价.③SPARROW模型可模拟不同土地使用条件、资源管理等情境下河流营养物负荷，为水质的管理与决策提供支撑.④气候变化情景下，基于SPARROW模型进行气候变化对水环境影响的研究可以支撑水环境管理方案的制定，以应对未来气候变化导致的营养物输出增加.针对SPARROW模型目前在应用中存在的问题进行了分析与讨论，建议未来在应用SPARROW模型时，加强以下几个方面的研究:①进一步开发高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮等相关模块；②将SPARROW模型与机器学习模型相结合，提高量化模型参数的能力，使模型更好地应用于不同尺度、不同流域的水质相关研究.
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| 关 键 词： | 水环境模型 SPARROW模型 氮磷污染负荷 水环境管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-01-24 |
Application and Development Trend of SPARROW Model in Water Environment Management |
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| Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.China Environmental Monitoring Station, Beijing 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Model is an important tool for studying the change of water environment and water environment management. The spatially referenced regressions on watershed attributes (SPARROW) is a non-linear watershed regression model based on the mass balance, which correlates the monitoring data with watershed characteristics and pollutant source information. It has the advantages of less data requirements, clear structure and excellent versality. In order to deeply understand the application situation and development trend of the SPARROW model in water environment management, the principles of the SPARROW model and its application in nutrient background concentration simulation, water quality evaluation, water quality target management and the impact of climate change on water environment were systematically reviewed. The results show that: (1) The SPARROW model could effectively simulate the background nutrient flux and concentration by choosing appropriate reference sites, and provide basis for the formulation of water quality standards. (2) The model can extrapolate nutrient concentration of unmonitored area via monitor data, which makes it possible to evaluate water quality under the condition of limited water quality monitoring data. (3) The model can simulate the river nutrient load under different land use patterns and resource management, and provide support for water quality management and decision-making. (4) Under climate change scenarios, the study of the impact of climate change on the water environment based on the SPARROW model can assist the formulation of water environment management plans and tackle the increase of nutrient output caused by climate change in the future. In this paper, the problems existing in the application of the SPARROW model are analyzed and discussed, and it is recommended to strengthen the following aspects of research when applying the SPARROW model in the future: (1) The relevant modules such as permanganate index, COD and ammonia nitrogen simulation modules should be further developed; (2) Combine the SPARROW model with machine learning model to improve the ability of quantifying the parameters of the model, so that the model can be better applied to water quality related studies at different scales and different basins. |
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