| 天津市EC和OC气溶胶排放源的估算 |
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| 引用本文： | 王 娉,马建中.天津市EC和OC气溶胶排放源的估算[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(11):1269-1275. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王 娉 马建中 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国气象科学研究院,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目，公益性气象行业科研专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过调研天津市污染源，在原有NOx，SO2，NMVOC，CO，NH3，PM10和PM2.5等污染物的基础上，从工农业生产和居民生活方面计算了天津市各行业、各区县的元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)排放量，对天津市2003年大气污染源排放清单进行了发展和补充. 结果表明:天津市2003年EC排放量为1.30×104 t，OC为2.40×104 t. 从排放源的行业分布来看，燃煤源是天津市EC和OC的重要排放源，对EC和OC排放量的贡献均为42%. 移动源与秸秆燃烧也是较大排放源，移动源对EC和OC排放量的贡献分别为43%和35%，秸秆燃烧对EC和OC的贡献分别为15%和23%. 炼焦、钢铁行业是EC和OC的主要工业源，炼焦行业的EC和OC排放量分别占工业源排放量的47%和23%，钢铁行业的EC和OC排放量分别占工业源排放量的24%和18%. 2003年天津市区对EC和OC的贡献均高于其他区县，其次，武清区、塘沽区对2种污染物的贡献也很高. 民用源的EC排放量在PM2.5中占33.7%. 集中供热的OC排放量在PM2.5中占67.6%，在各行业中最高. EC和OC排放量在PM2.5中所占比例最高的区域均在市区，最高值分别为25.0%和43.3%，其次是大港区和塘沽区.秸秆燃烧和移动源的估算误差较小，工业燃煤源的估算误差较大. 秸秆燃烧的正负误差分别为+18%和－16%，工业燃煤源的正负误差分别为+300%和－50%.
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| 关 键 词： | 排放源清单 排放因子 EC OC 空气污染 天津 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/3/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/6/9 0:00:00 |
Estimates of Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) Aerosol Sources in Tianjin City |
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| WANG Ping and MA Jian-zhong.Estimates of Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) Aerosol Sources in Tianjin City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(11):1269-1275. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ping and MA Jian-zhong |
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| Affiliation: | Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | The amounts of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols emitted in each district and county of Tianjin City in 2003 were calculated based on various characteristics of industry, agriculture and residential life, through investigating the pollution sources of Tianjin City, and by analyzing air pollutant emission factors in the literature. These source emission data are a good supplement to the previously developed emission inventory of Nox, SO_2, NMVOC, CO, NH_3, PM_(10) and PM_2.5 for Tianjin City. In 2003, the total amount of EC emitted was 1.30×10~4 tons, while the total amount of OC emitted was 2.40×10~4 tons. Investigation of source contributions revealed that industrial coal combustion was the most important emission source in Tianjin City, with a contribution to the total of 42% for both EC and OC, followed by automobile exhaust and crop burning. The contribution of automobile exhaust to the total emission was 43% for EC and 35% for OC, and that of crop burning was 15% for EC and 23% for OC. Coke and steel production are important industrial sources of EC and OC. Specifically, coke production contributes 47% of the total industrial EC and 23% of the total industrial OC, and iron and steel production contributes 24% of the total industrial EC and 18% of the total industrial OC. The urban area is the biggest contributor to EC and OC in Tianjin City, followed by the Wuqing and Tanggu districts. The percentage of EC emission in PM_2.5 is the largest for civil sources, with a value of 33.7%, and the largest percentage of OC emission in PM_2.5 is for centralized heating, with the value of 67.6%. The percentages of EC and OC emissions in PM_2.5 for the urban district is largest, with the values of 25.0% and 43.3% respectively, and followed by the Dagang and Tanggu districts. The estimation error of automobile exhaust and crop burning is small, while that of coal combustion is large. The positive and negative errors of crop burning are ＋18% and －16% respectively, while those of industrial coal combustion are ＋300% and －50% respectively. |
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| Keywords: | EC OC |
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