| 活性污泥萃取液的安全性及对水稻苗期生长和土壤环境的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 童彤,纪荣婷,许秋瑾,宋永会,李小鸥,张悦.活性污泥萃取液的安全性及对水稻苗期生长和土壤环境的影响[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(11):2568-2577. |
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| 作者姓名： | 童彤 纪荣婷 许秋瑾 宋永会 李小鸥 张悦 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国环境科学研究院，湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室，北京 100012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC3201505，2019YFC1803402) |
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| 摘 要： | 为进一步探讨活性污泥萃取液的农用安全性及应用效果，以水稻为试验材料，开展活性污泥萃取液安全性及与化肥不同配施量处理试验，通过设置5个处理组(CK，空白对照；CF，常规施肥对照；LMF，化肥减氮30%配施低量萃取液；HMF，化肥减氮30%配施高量萃取液；MF，化肥减氮100%配施全量萃取液)，分析萃取液对水稻苗期生长性状、土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落的影响. 结果表明:活性污泥萃取液中的重金属元素含量符合《含氨基酸水溶肥料》(NY 1429—2010)农用标准，0.33%~10%浓度的萃取液浸种可促进水稻种子萌发. 施用萃取液可促进水稻幼苗株高、茎宽、叶面积、地上部生物量与地下部生物量等生长指标的增加. 与常规施肥相比，配施萃取液后，土壤pH显著提高0.51%~13.8%，土壤电导率显著降低14.3%~66.3%，可溶性有机碳含量最高可显著增加68.0%. 高通量测序分析结果显示，相对丰度位于前10位的细菌门类在各处理土壤中均有分布，施用活性污泥萃取液改变了菌群分布比例，且对近根际土壤中菌群结构的影响最大. 施用活性污泥萃取液后，与碳循环相关的门类菌群显著增加，如变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)等；常见于胁迫环境的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)显著减少. 研究显示，活性污泥萃取液具有农用安全性，配施高量萃取液能显著促进水稻幼苗生长，改善土壤理化性质，优化土壤菌群结构，可与有机肥施用效能相当.
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| 关 键 词： | 活性污泥萃取液 种子发芽 水稻幼苗 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-07-06 |
Safety of Activated Sludge Extract and Its Effect on Rice Seedling Growth and Soil Environment |
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| Affiliation: | 1.National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China2.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China3.Zhongnong Guosheng (Beijing) Environmental and Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 101500 , China4.Water Industry Branch of Chinese society of Civil Engineering, Beijing 100835, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to further explore the agricultural safety and application effect of activated sludge extract, the safety of activated sludge extract and the treatment of different dosages of chemical fertilizers were carried out using rice as the experimental material. By setting 5 experimental groups (CK, blank control; CF, conventional fertilization control; LMF, fertilizer with 30% nitrogen reduction combined with low-volume extract; HMF, fertilizer with 30% nitrogen reduction combined with high-volume extract; MF, fertilizer with 100% nitrogen reduction and full amount of extract), the effects of the extract on rice seedling growth traits and soil physicochemical properties and soil effects on the microbial community were analyzed. The results showed that the content of heavy metals in the activated sludge extract could meet the Water Soluble Fertilizer Containing Amino Acids (NY 1429-2010) agricultural standards, and soaking seeds with 0.33%-10% extract could promote rice seed germination. The application of extract could promote the growth of rice seedlings, such as plant height, stem width, leaf area, and plant biomass. Compared with conventional fertilization, soil pH was significantly increased by 0.51%-13.8%, the soil conductivity was significantly decreased by 14.3%-66.3%, and soluble organic carbon content was significantly increased by up to 68.0% after applying the extract. The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the top ten phyla of abundance were distributed in all treatments. The application of the extract changed the bacterial distribution ratio and had the greatest impact on the bacterial community structure in the near-rhizosphere soil. After the application of activated sludge extract, the flora of the phyla related to carbon cycle increased significantly, such as Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Verrucomicrobia; but the Firmicutes which are common in stressful environments, were significantly reduced. The research shows that the agricultural safety of the activated sludge extract is guaranteed, and the application of a large amount of the extract can significantly improve the growth characteristics of rice seedlings, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and optimize soil bacterial structure, which is comparable to the efficiency of organic fertilizer application. |
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