| 四川省维管植物和脊椎动物空间分布格局研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨渺,江腊海,谢强,吴瑕,艾蕾.四川省维管植物和脊椎动物空间分布格局研究[J].环境科学研究,2022,35(10):2357-2366. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨渺 江腊海 谢强 吴瑕 艾蕾 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川省生态环境科学研究院，四川 成都 610041 |
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| 基金项目： | 四川省重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFS0470)；四川省环境保护科技计划项目(No.2022HB29) |
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| 摘 要： | 四川省地理位置独特，位于青藏高原的最东端和长江、黄河上游，横跨五大地貌单元，包括6个气候梯度，是全球生物多样性保护热点地区之一和中国重要的物种基因库. 因此，研究四川省生物类群分布特征，识别狭域分布及环境脆弱带生物类群，可服务于生物多样性保护网络优化及保护策略制定，支撑生物多样性遥感监测开展. 基于四川省183个县(区)13 845个物种分布数据，对维管植物及脊椎动物，以及被子植物门、裸子植物门、蕨类植物门和哺乳纲、鸟纲、硬骨鱼纲、两栖纲、爬行纲的目特征区和科特征区进行分析，并统计目特征区的物种组成. 结果表明:四川省有维管植物12 378种，涵盖3门12纲72目268科，脊椎动物1 467种，涵盖5纲43目158科. 四川省维管植物和脊椎动物的目、科特征区总体可分为两大特征类群团，基本与四川省东部中亚热带和四川省西部高原气候区分布相吻合. 基于物种大数据划分的目、科特征区分布规律与植被区划成果具有较高的一致性，表明可以从大数据中推断出类群分布的详细特征. 因此，以大数据为基础精准识别生物多样性保护空缺区、物种交流廊道等关键区域具有可行性. 该研究还揭示了另一个重要的模式——小分类阶元的分布模式比大分类阶元受到更广泛、更复杂的因子组合的影响. 在此基础上，提出了生物类群保护孤小易危原则，建议优先考虑孤小分类群的生物多样性保护，并以此为基础制定区域性生物多样性保护计划.
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| 关 键 词： | 生物多样性 维管植物 脊椎动物 分布格局 四川省 大数据 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-03-05 |
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Vascular Plants and Vertebrates in Sichuan Province |
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| Affiliation: | Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China |
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| Abstract: | Sichuan Province is located in the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, it is a global biodiversity hotspot and an important gene bank of species endemic in China. Because of this region's environmental significance, it is important to identify distribution patterns of plant and animal species within Sichuan Province. This information can aid in the identification of fragile environmental zones, inform conservation strategies, and support the development of biodiversity remote sensing monitoring. To identify biodiversity patterns within this region, we compiled the distribution data of 13,845 species of vascular plants and vertebrates in 183 counties (districts) of Sichuan Province. In addition to individual species, we also analyzed the distribution of phylogenetic clades, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, mammals, birds, bony fish, amphibians and reptiles. In total, we documented 12,378 species of vascular plants (12 classes, 72 orders, and 268 families) and 1,467 species of vertebrates (5 classes, 43 orders, and 158 families) in Sichuan Province. Broadly speaking, the taxonomic orders fell into two distinct distributional groups that aligned with the main climatic regions within the province: the middle subtropical zone in eastern Sichuan Province and the plateau climate zone in western Sichuan Province. These observed distribution patterns also aligned closely with the courser regional vegetation data, suggesting that detailed characteristics may be inferred from big data. Therefore, it is feasible to accurately identify key areas, such as biodiversity conservation gaps and potential conservation corridors, from big data. Additionally, our assessment revealed another important pattern that the distribution patterns of smaller taxonomic orders were influenced by a wider and more complex factors than larger orders. On this basis, we propose to prioritize vulnerable and isolated members of these smaller taxonomic groups for biodiversity conservation and use this information as the basis for regional biodiversity conservation plans. |
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