| 陕甘宁地区城市空气质量特征及影响因素分析 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 刘昕,辛存林.陕甘宁地区城市空气质量特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(12):2065-2074. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 刘昕 辛存林 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070;西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（No.41262001） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 利用历史观测数据来探究短时间内AQI（空气质量指数）的起伏变化，有助于制定空气污染防治措施，对区域环境经济的协调发展具有重要意义.为研究陕西省、甘肃省和宁夏回族自治区（简称"陕甘宁地区"）2015-2017年空气质量特征，对3 a的AQI及评价体系中6项污染物（PM2.5、PM10、O3、NO2、SO2、CO）质量浓度特征进行研究.通过数理统计对29个监测站点32 910个样本数据进行整理，采用克里金法分析AQI及6项污染物质量浓度的时空变化特征.结果表明:①空间上，陕甘宁地区西南部污染较轻，陕西省中部关中平原、宁夏回族自治区北部及甘肃省河西走廊西北部污染较严重.ρ（O3）高值集中分布在研究区西北部地区，ρ（CO）、ρ（NO2）高值集中分布在东部地区，ρ（PM2.5）、ρ（PM10）分布特征与AQI分布特征相似，ρ（SO2）高值集中分布在北部地区.②时间上，3 a的AQI平均值为88，AQI季节性变化呈冬季（108）>春季（88）>秋季（78）>夏季（74）的规律.③通过数理统计对污染物质量浓度月变化特征分析发现，ρ（O3）夏季最高，峰值为140.3 μg/m3，春秋次之，冬季最低；ρ（PM2.5）、ρ（PM10）、ρ（SO2）、ρ（NO2）和ρ（CO）均为冬季最高，其最高值分别为83.7 μg/m3、155.9 μg/m3、72.6 μg/m3、52.1 μg/m3、2.04 mg/m3.④相关性分析表明，AQI与自然因素中的平均气温、平均降水量和气压的相关系数分别为-0.859、-0.903和0.620，平均气温、平均降水量与AQI均呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01），气压与AQI呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）.DEM（数字高程模型）地形起伏度分析发现，地形起伏度级别越大，AQI越小.社会经济因素中，AQI受工业企业数的影响最大，相关系数为0.634.研究显示，自然因素对陕甘宁地区空气质量的影响大于社会经济因素的影响，气象条件对空气污染的扩散起重要作用.
|
| 关 键 词： | 空气质量指数 空间插值 影响因子 相关性分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/9/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/5/10 0:00:00 |
Analysis of Urban Air Quality Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region |
| |
| LIU Xin and XIN Cunlin.Analysis of Urban Air Quality Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(12):2065-2074. |
| |
| Authors: | LIU Xin and XIN Cunlin |
| |
| Affiliation: | College of Geographic and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Exploring the fluctuations of air quality index in a short period by using historical observation data can be helpful to formulate air pollution prevention and control measures, which is of great significance for coordinating development of regional environment and economy. In order to study the air quality characteristics of the Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (referred to as 'Shaan-Gan-Ning Area') from 2015 to 2017, the mass concentration characteristics of AQI (air quality index) and six pollutants, including ρ(PM2.5), ρ(PM10), ρ(O3), ρ(NO2), ρ(SO2), ρ(CO) were investigated. The data of 32, 910 samples from 29 cities were sorted by mathematical statistics, while the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the AQI and six pollutant concentrations were analyzed by Kriging interpolation. The results showed:(1) From the space, the pollution in the Guanzhong Plain in Central Shaanxi Province, the northern part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the northwestern part of Gansu Hexi Corridor was relatively serious, but in the southwestern part of the region was relatively light. The higher ρ(O3) mainly distributed in the northwest of the region, while the higher ρ(CO) and ρ(NO2) were located the eastern part of the region. ρ(PM2.5) and ρ(PM10) were similar to those of AQI, and ρ(SO2) was higher in the northern part of the region. (2) From the time, the average value of AQI has been stabilized within the national standard value range (88) for three years. The order of seasonal variation in AQI was winter (108) > spring (88) > autumn (78) > summer (74). (3) The monthly variation characteristics of each pollutant concentration were as following:ρ(O3) was the highest in summer, the peak concentration was 140.3 μg/m3, then followed by spring and autumn, and lowest value was found in winter. The concentration of other pollutants showed the highest in winter, the peak concentration were ρ(PM2.5)(83.7 μg/m3), ρ(PM10)(155.9 μg/m3), ρ(SO2)(72.6 μg/m3), ρ(NO2)(52.1 μg/m3) and ρ(CO)(2.04 mg/m3), respectively. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of AQI with the mean temperature, average precipitation and pressure were -0.859, -0.903 and 0.620, respectively. The average temperature, average precipitation and AQI showed a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01), but pressure was significantly and positively related to it (P < 0.05); The DEM terrain relief analysis found that the higher the terrain relief level, the smaller the AQI value. AQI was mainly influenced by the number of the industrial companies, the correlation coefficients was 0.634. The study showed that the natural factors have a stronger impact on AQI than the socio-economic factors, and meteorological conditions play an important role in the spread of air pollution. |
| |
| Keywords: | air quality index spatial interpolation impact factor correlation analysis |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《环境科学研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《环境科学研究》下载全文 |
|
