| 燃用生物柴油对柴油机颗粒生成和排放特性研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴刚,江国和,杨智远,王忠诚,周伟健.燃用生物柴油对柴油机颗粒生成和排放特性研究进展[J].环境科学研究,2019,32(11):1809-1817. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴刚 江国和 杨智远 王忠诚 周伟健 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海事大学,上海,201306;上海海事大学,上海,201306;上海海事大学,上海,201306;上海海事大学,上海,201306;上海海事大学,上海,201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 上海市科学技术委员会项目（No.18DZ1202902）；国家自然科学基金项目（No.61403250） |
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| 摘 要： | 为深入研究生物柴油对柴油机颗粒排放的影响，在总结国内外相关研究进展的基础上，通过研究生物柴油的化学组成和物理特性，讨论了生物柴油产生颗粒的特殊性及其对环境的影响.在此基础上，从PAHs（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，多环芳烃）的形成途径角度简要分析了生物柴油颗粒形成的机理，并从生物柴油的3个关键性质入手，分析了其对颗粒排放的规律和影响.最后，以实际柴油机运行时的5项参数为基础，讨论柴油机实际使用生物柴油对颗粒排放的影响.结果表明:①不同材料和产地生物柴油的理化特性和对颗粒排放的影响有很大不同，但总体有利于减少对人体和环境的有害排放.②生物柴油将改变颗粒形成过程中半挥发性物质在微晶核表面的吸附，富氧作用也使燃烧热解后生成的颗粒尺寸更小，减少40%~50%；同时，纳米结构上的变化增加了生物柴油颗粒的反应活性，形成了更多30 nm以内的核态模式颗粒，更容易被人体吸收.③脂肪酸链的长度、不饱和度和含氧量对生物柴油颗粒排放量的减少发挥了重要作用，而柴油机参数的不同也对生物柴油的颗粒排放十分重要.④生物柴油对颗粒生成机理的关键在于复杂的含碳前驱物的生成路径.使用生物柴油总体上可减少前驱物的排放量，其主要成分为四元环和五元环，占总排放量的58.70%以上，但苯并蒽和?分别上升了44%和340%.研究显示，柴油机燃用生物柴油对颗粒排放有积极的一面，但在超细颗粒和某些特定前驱物控制上仍需引起高度重视.
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| 关 键 词： | 颗粒 生物柴油 理化特性 形态和结构 柴油机 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/2/17 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/7/4 0:00:00 |
Particulate Matter Generation and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel |
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| WU Gang,JIANG Guohe,YANG Zhiyuan,WANG Zhongcheng and ZHOU Weijian.Particulate Matter Generation and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2019,32(11):1809-1817. |
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| Authors: | WU Gang JIANG Guohe YANG Zhiyuan WANG Zhongcheng and ZHOU Weijian |
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| Affiliation: | Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the effect of biodiesel on emission patterns of particulate matter of diesel engine, some of the latest research has been summarized. Firstly, the characteristics of the particles discharged from the engine fueled with biodiesel was discussed, especially the physical properties and chemical properties of the generated particles. On this basis, the mechanism of particle formation during biodiesel combustion was briefly analyzed from the perspective of formation pathway of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Furthermore, the influences of three key properties of biodiesel on particle emissions were analyzed, namely chain length, unsaturation and oxygen content of fatty acid. Finally, based on the five parameters of the actual engine operation, the emission effect of the actual use condition of biodiesel on particle emissions was discussed. The results show that:(1) Although the physical and chemical properties of biodiesel and the impact on particle emissions are very different due to different materials and production method, it is beneficial to reduce the harmful emission to human and environment. (2) Biodiesel will change the adsorption of semi-volatile substances on the surface of the microcrystalline core during particle formation. The oxygen enrichment also causes the formation of small particles after combustion pyrolysis, which is reduced by about 40%-50%. At the same time, changes in nanostructures increase the reactivity of biodiesel particles resulting in the form of more nuclear mode particles within 30 nm, which are more easily absorbed by the human. (3) The chains length of fatty acid, unsaturation and oxygen content play an important role in reducing the emissions of biodiesel particles, as well as the differences in diesel engine parameters. (4) The use of biodiesel will complicate emissions of carbonaceous precursors. The total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions will be reduced, but the benzanthracene and chrysene will increase by 44% and 340%, respectively. The main components of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the four-membered rings and the five-membered rings, accounting for more than 58.70% of the total emissions. Through the research, it has shown that the diesel engine fueled by biodiesel will have a positive effect on particulate emissions, but additional attention should be paid as well, especially in the aspects of ultrafine particles control and some certain precursor control. |
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| Keywords: | particulate matter biodiesel physical and chemical properties morphology and structure diesel engine |
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