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文章在介绍油田含酸油来源的基础上,详细阐述了国内外关于影响含酸油脱水因素的研究进展,分析表明:含酸油pH值在6~8范围外,原油脱水率均小于85%;不同酸对原油脱水影响不同,其影响程度一般为残酸土酸盐酸;原油中酸化淤渣越多,油水界面膜稳定性越高,酸化油脱水难度越大;酸化油中亲水固体颗粒趋向于水包油型乳状液,亲油固体颗粒趋向于油包水型乳状液,固体颗粒的粒径越小,形成乳状液越稳定;酸化油中胶质、沥青质越高,油水乳状液相对越稳定。最后综述了中和预处理法、水洗法、化学破乳法、超声波辅助法以及联合破乳法对含酸油有效的破乳方法,介绍了这几种破乳方法的适用范围,并建议处理含酸油时,应先弄清影响含酸油脱水的主要因素,采用合适的脱水方法,提高含酸油脱水效率。 相似文献
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河南油田油泥无害化处理实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对河南油田生产过程中产生的油泥,采用热水洗涤—破乳剂—气浮三相分离处理技术回收油泥中的原油。考察了影响脱除效率的诸因素,得出的最佳处理条件为:处理温度70℃,油泥:水(质量)为1:3;搅拌分散时间10 min;气浮分离时间30 min;气浮强度600 L/(m~2·h);破乳剂加入量300 mg/L;脱油率可达95%。脱除的原油回炼油厂利用,洗脱液可循环使用,脱油后的残渣中石油类残留物质量分数小于5%。 相似文献
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针对国内某油田的废弃水包油钻井液处理技术难题,采用物理-化学破乳协同技术,开发了废弃水包油钻井液除油技术,油回收率可达90%以上,回收柴油可用于配制水包油钻井液,并对废弃水包油钻井液除油后产生的中层废水及泥渣开展了回用和无害化处理技术研究。实验结果表明:中层废水处理后,水质清,pH值、COD、石油类及SS均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,且该中层水可再用于收油处理的补充水;泥渣固化处理后,固化物浸出液无色透明,pH值、COD、石油类及重金属等指标均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准。 相似文献
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F. I. Achuba 《The Environmentalist》2006,26(1):17-20
Summary The effect of crude oil contaminated soil at various sublethal concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%) on the growth and
metabolism of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings was studied. The results showed that crude oil induced environmental stress in the seedlings. This is indicated
by the increase in free sugar, total protein and amino acids and a decrease in chlorophyll contents of the leaves of 12-day-old
seedlings. The activities of total amylase and starch phosphorylase from the cotyledon and mitotic activity of the meristems
of the root of 4-day-old seedling were inhibited by the various concentrations except at 0.5%, which showed stimulation of
cellular and metabolic activities relative to seedlings in the control treatment. 相似文献
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热碱水溶液清洗-气浮分离对原油污染土壤的处理 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
针对落地原油的回收及土壤污染治理问题,提出了用热碱水溶液清洗-气浮分离的处理方法,获得了比较理想的结果。实验中考察了清洗过程的反应温度、清洗时间、液固比、碱浓度及气浮温度和气浮时间等各种影响因素,得到了适宜的处理工艺条件。在此处理条件下,可使含稠油12.5%的模拟含油土壤的油去除率达到92.5%~93.5%,土壤中残留含量降至0.9%~1.0%.提出的处理方法,能原消耗较低,碱剂费用仅为7元/t(t土)左右,且可以回收洗脱出来的原油。 相似文献
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The potential of periwinkle shell (PS) in enhancing the microbial break down of crude oil spilled in soil were studied. The results revealed that the counts of crude oil degrading bacteria in oil-polluted soil fortified with PS were higher than the counts in unfortified soil. The rates and total extent of crude oil biodegradation in the soil were stimulated by the amendment. About 43.4 percent of crude oil was degraded in unfortified soil after 16 days as compared to 70.1 percent oil biodegradation, which occurred in PS fortified soil during the same period. These values were significantly (P>0.05) different from each other. Amendment of the soil with PS also raised the pH of the soil from acidic to alkaline range. The crude oil degrading microorganisms identified in PS amended soil were of the genus Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Acinetobacter, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus. Similarly, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Mucor, Aspergillus and Penicillium were identified as crude oil degrading microorganisms in unamended soil. The bacteria formed either stable or unstable emulsions, suggesting that the organisms produce surface-active agents (biosurfactants) during the biodegradation process. The results of this study indicate that PS can be used in reclaiming oil-polluted soil. 相似文献
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回用锅炉的热采稠油采出水软化工艺 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对我国热采稠油油田所面临的采出水处理难的问题,对国内外热采稠油采出水的处理方法进行了广泛、深入、全面的调查研究。着重介绍了热采采出水作注汽锅炉给水的各种软化工艺及处理方法。 相似文献
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以河南濮阳油田超重质原油为研究对象,从污染井场土壤中分离并筛选出几株高效降解细菌、酵母菌和霉菌。由于不同类型微生物对碳源的利用目标和方式有所不同,而将3类不同类型菌种进行排列组合进行降解实验,最终优选出一组石油降解优势菌群。该文还利用正交优化法对降解菌的最佳添加量进行计算,结果显示,最佳接种量为X25:1.5%,Z3:1%,X18:1%,Z28:2%。利用该优化结果进行降解实验,石油的降解率在一定程度上提高了。在对濮阳、南阳和延长油田不同原油进行为期8d的降解实验中,显示了较高的降解效率,降解率分别为56.93%、65.66%、82.69%。实验证明,该降解菌群能不仅能有效够降解超重油,而且对重质原油和轻质原油表现出更好的降解能力。因此,该研究为石油污染物的降解提供了有效的菌种资源。 相似文献
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通过系统的监测了解吉林地区采油厂原油含水率分析仪的工作场所放射防护现状,为放射源监督管理部门提供参考依据,为保护环境、保护放射工作人员职业健康提供重要保障,为采油厂对辐射装置管理及措施提供依据。采用国家规定的标准方法对吉林省不同工作环境下的5家采油厂的45台原油含水率分析仪的周围剂量当量进行现场监测,对涉及接触原油含水率分析仪的4种不同岗位工作人员进行年有效剂量估算,对接触原油含水率分析仪的202名工作人员进行个人剂量监测。结果表明,原油含水率分析仪的工作场所周围剂量当量及人员受照剂量均满足国家标准要求,剂量分布较均匀,外输岗年有效剂量较小,集输岗年有效剂量较高。吉林省采油厂原油含水率分析仪在正常运行情况下,工作场所基本不会对工作人员造成职业照射,辐射防护状况良好,放射工作人员年有效剂量值均在国家规定限值范围内。 相似文献
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