活性氢氧化铁处理含钒(Ⅴ)废水的研究

本文研究了钒(V)在活性氢氧化铁胶体上的吸附行为和机理。讨论了吸附与溶液pH,反应时间,温度,浓度的关系和干扰离子对吸附的影响。得出了吸附的基本模型以及钒在氢氧化铁胶体上的吸附最佳工艺条件。此外还研究了负钒氢氧化铁的解吸,得出了氢氧化铁在处理含钒(V)废水时能循环使用的结论。用实验所得最佳工艺条件,采用活性氢氧化铁胶体处理雾化钒渣的酸性铵盐沉钒废水和弱碱性铵盐沉钒废水,证明效果良好。     

抗生素药生产废水处理工艺改进研究

企业抗生素废水经原有工艺处理后污染物指标偏高,且不稳定。工艺通过采用增加初沉池和二沉池、污泥回用等改进措施,COD、氨氮等排放浓度下降且稳定排放,改进效果明显。     

粉煤灰处理印染废水的现状及分析

本文综述了粉煤友在印染废水中的应用。粉煤灰作为吸附剂可直接处理印染废水,处理效率较低,改性后粉煤灰可提高吸附性;利用粉煤灰的混凝作用对COD的去除率一般为50％-60％,色度去除率为80％左右;当粉煤灰与铁屑产生电化学作用时,用于印染废水预处理是行之有效的;作为印染废水助凝助沉剂,结合其他工艺,可使印染废水中COD和色度去除率分别达到90％和95％以上,并列举了粉煤灰处理印染废水成功的实例。但仍应加强理论研究,解决工程与设备问题是今后的工作方向。     

提钒固废硫酸钠综合利用浅析

根据提钒固废硫酸钠特点,提出生产硫化钠的综合利用途径。对煤粉还原法工艺进行分析,介绍了产生污染物环节、种类及防治措施。对比得出利用固废硫酸钠生产的硫化钠,满足工业硫化钠质量标准要求,且具有较低的生产成本和显著的环境效益。     

环氧氯丙烷皂化废水清洁生产技术

通过对目前国内外环氧氯丙烷(ECH)行业生产工艺及污染物的分析,针对生产环氧氯丙烷产生的皂化废水排放量大、碱度高、含盐量高等问题,提出清洁生产工艺,使环氧氯丙烷生产在减少废水排放的同时提取氯化钙,实现了经济效益和环境效益的共赢。     

镍、钒的灌溉水标准和区域土壤标准初探

重金属元素镍、钒是碱性岩浆的主要元素,广布于土壤和岩石中。在生物圈地球化学史上它与有机物和石油等紧密相连并积聚子这些物质之中。在现代石油化学工业中又常常用含镍、钒的盐类作为催化剂进行石油产品的加工,因而镍、钒就成了石油工业废水中的污染物。     

废水净化过程中的沉积污泥作农田肥料的利弊

一、问题的提出1972年6月7日西德颁布了《废物清除法》,其中要求社会上各部门各单位限期将他们的废水进行净化,以保持水的清洁。在废水净化过程中产生的沉积污泥(下文简称为“废水沉泥”)越来越多,也要不断地加以清除。这些废水沉泥的出路在哪里?能不能将它们加以利用?为了解决这个问题,西德巴伐利亚州农     

番茄酱生产废水处理DAT-IAT工艺的应用与研究

番茄酱生产周期较短，废水排放集中于两个月且水量较大，废水中含固体杂质多，增加了废水处理难度。对新疆屯河昌通分公司番茄酱生产废水采用DAT-IAT工艺处理，并配套设置适应工艺要求及新疆气候特点的配套设备，水质水量适应性好，工艺组成具有显著的优势。项目通过验收后运行两年以来，运行效果稳定，处理水质稳定达标，可供同类企业借鉴和推广。     

石油开采含油废水处理技术的探讨

油田开发生产过程中产生和排放的含油废水含有多种污染物，对生态环境造成严重污染。对油田含油废水应用三段法治理工艺，混凝、沉淀、过滤综合处理油田含油废水，处理后的水质达到回注水水质要求，全部回注，研究探讨了高矿化度含油废水的治理。     

汽提—生化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水——以新疆蓝山屯河聚酯有限公司为例

介绍了聚酯行业生产过程中产生的废水,提出了用汽提—生化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水的工艺。通过统计和监测表明,用汽提—生化法处理高浓度难降解有机废水,不仅运行和投资费用低,同时保证了污水的达标外排。     

釉面砖生产废水处理技术研究

本文提出了以药剂混凝的物理化学方法对陶瓷二分厂釉面砖生产废水的处理工艺。通过试验对其可行性进行了验证。得到了在此工艺条件下的处理效果，主要污染指标是Ｐｂ，ＳＡ去除率均达９９５以上。此试验取得了最佳的ｐＨ值，沉淀时间，沉淀池深度等废水处理工艺参数，有较强的实际指导意义。     

Biosorption of copper (II) from chemical mechanical planarization wastewaters

Copper Chemical Mechanical Planarization (Cu-CMP) is a critical step in integrated circuit (IC) device manufacturing. CMP and post-CMP cleaning processes are projected to account for 30-40% of the water consumed by IC manufacturers in 2003. CMP wastewater is expected to contain increasing amounts of copper as the industry switches from Al-CMP to Cu-CMP causing some IC manufacturers to run the risk of violating discharge regulations. There are a variety of treatment schemes currently available for the removal of heavy metals from CMP wastewater, however, many introduce additional chemicals to the wastewater, have large space requirements, or are expensive. This work explores the use of microorganisms for waste treatment. A Staphylococcus sp. of bacteria was isolated and studied to determine the feasibility for use in removing copper from Cu-CMP wastewater. A model Cu-CMP wastewater was developed and tested, as well as actual Cu-CMP wastes. Continuous-flow packed column experiments were performed to obtain adsorption data and show copper recovery from the waste. A predictive, empirical model was used to accurately describe Cu removal. Additionally, the immobilized cells were regenerated, allowing for the concentration and potential recovery of copper from the wastewater.     

不同造孔剂负载金属活性炭的制备及其脱硫性能初步研究

以糠醛渣、酚醛树脂和一定的造孔剂为原料制备球形活性炭，考察其碘吸附值和负载金属的性能，结果表明，较好的造孔剂为CMC。同时，通过浸泡方式在活性炭上负载铜、钒以及铜钒复合物，在不同温度下考察各活性炭的脱硫性能，结果表明，负载钒的活性炭在437K下对SO2的转化有明显的催化作用，而铜、钒负载量的适当增加有利于活性炭吸附性能的提高。     

Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices--a review

Over the past few years, antibiotics have been considered emerging pollutants due to their continuous input and persistence in the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. They have been detected worldwide in environmental matrices, indicating their ineffective removal from water and wastewater using conventional treatment methods. To prevent this contamination, several processes to degrade/remove antibiotics have been studied. This review addresses the current state of knowledge concerning the input sources, occurrence and mainly the degradation and removal processes applied to a specific class of micropollutants, the antibiotics. In this paper, different remediation techniques were evaluated and compared, such as conventional techniques (biological processes, filtration, coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption, membrane processes and combined methods. In this study, it was found that ozonation, Fenton/photo-Fenton and semiconductor photocatalysis were the most tested methodologies. Combined processes seem to be the best solution for the treatment of effluents containing antibiotics, especially those using renewable energy and by-products materials.     

Volatile organic compound emissions from wastewater treatment plants in Taiwan: legal regulations and costs of control

This study assessed volatile organic compound (VOC) emission characteristics from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in five Taiwanese industrial districts engaged in numerous manufacturing processes, including petrochemical, science-based industry (primarily semiconductors, photo-electronics, electronic products and biological technology), as well as multiple manufacturing processes (primarily pharmaceuticals and paint manufacturing). The most aqueous hydrocarbons dissolved in the wastewater of Taiwanese WWTPs were acetone, acrylonitrile, methylene chloride, and chloroform for the petrochemical districts; acetone, chloroform, and toluene for the science-based districts; and chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons for the multiple industrial districts. The aqueous pollutants in the united WWTPs were closely related to the characteristics of the manufacturing plants in the districts. To effectively prevent VOC emissions from the primary treatment section of petrochemical WWTPs, the updated regulations governing VOC emissions were issued by the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Administration in September 2005, legally mandating a seal cover system incorporating venting and air purification equipment. Cost analysis indicates that incinerators with regenerative heat recovery are optimal for treating high VOC concentrations, exceeding 10,000ppm as CH(4), from the oil separation basins. However, the emission concentrations, ranging from 100 to 1000ppm as CH(4) from the other primary treatment facilities and bio-treatment stages, should be collected and then injected into the biological oxidation basins via existing or new blowers. The additional capital and operating costs required to treat the VOC emissions of 1000ppm as CH(4) from primary treatment facilities are less than US$0.1 for perm(3) wastewater treatment capacity.     

碳氮磷比失调对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响

我国南方城市污水普遍存在低碳相对高氮磷特征,本文介绍了同时生物脱氮除磷的机理、对碳源的需求与竞争,以及一些针对此类污水生物脱氮除磷的改进工艺及其在实际运用中的效果,并对此类污水的处理方向进行了展望。     

Remediation of biodiesel wastewater by chemical- and electro-coagulation: a comparative study

The remediation of biodiesel wastewater was carried out using chemical and electrochemical techniques. Initially the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) and free fatty acids (FFA) were chemically removed from the wastewater using three types of mineral acids, H(2)SO(4), HNO(3) and HCl, at different pH values within the range of 1.0-8.0. Optimally, approximately 24.3 ml/l of FAME/FFA were removed from the wastewater when using H(2)SO(4) to set a final pH of 2.5 for 7 min. All pollutant levels were markedly reduced during this step. That is, approximately 38.94%, 76.32% and 99.36% of COD, BOD5 and oil & grease were respectively removed. The acidic aqueous phase left after the removal of the FAME/FFA phase was then treated by chemical- and electro-coagulation processes. The results demonstrated that both investigated treatment processes were effective for treating wastewater from a biodiesel production plant. The chemical coagulation provided a lower operating cost (1.11 USD/m(3)) compared with the electro-coagulation process (1.78 USD/m(3)). However, the latter process provided a better quality of wastewater compared with the former process, with the exception of the BOD levels.     

Denitrification in anaerobic lagoons used to treat swine wastewater

Anaerobic lagoons are commonly used for the treatment of swine wastewater. Although these lagoons were once thought to be relatively simple, their physical, chemical, and biological processes are very complex. This study of anaerobic lagoons had two objectives: (i) to quantify denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) and (ii) to evaluate the influence of lagoon characteristics on the DEA. The DEA was measured by the acetylene inhibition method. Wastewater samples and physical and chemical measurements were taken from the wastewater column of nine anaerobic swine lagoons from May 2006 to May 2009. These lagoons were typical for anaerobic swine lagoons in the Carolinas relative to their size, operation, and chemical and physical characteristics. Their mean value for DEA was 87 mg N2O-N m(-3) d(-1). In a lagoon with 2-m depth, this rate of DEA would be compatible with 1.74 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) When nonlimiting nitrate was added, the highest DEA was compatible with 4.38 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) loss. Using stepwise regression for this treatment, the lagoon characteristics (i.e., soluble organic carbon, total nitrogen, temperature, and NO3-N) provided a final step model R2 of 0.69. Nitrous oxide from incomplete denitrification was not a significant part of the system nitrogen balance. Although alternate pathways of denitrification may exist within or beneath the wastewater column, this paper documents the lack of sufficient denitrification enzyme activity within the wastewater column of these anaerobic lagoons to support large N2 gas losses via classical nitrification and denitrification.     

汽车涂装废水水质特征分析及处理工艺

涂装是保护和装饰汽车的主要工艺措施,汽车涂装工艺产生的废水具有污染物种类多、成分复杂;水质、水量变化大且排放无规律、可生化性差的特点,实践证明,采取各类水质分别预处理后混合生化处理可有效去除废水中的污染物,排放达到标准要求。     

试论埋地式小型生活污水处理装置及其应用

本文较为详细地介绍了几种典型的国内外埋地式小型生活污水处理装置,分析了其技术原理和比较了各自的特点。对国内近年来开发出的新型地理式无电耗生活污水处理装置,讨论了其适宜的应用范围,并提出了其技术发展方向和革新建议。