微波催化氧化法预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

采用微波-活性炭-Fenton催化氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液,研究了不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响.结果表明,COD和氨氮去除率随活性炭用量、微波辐射时间和微波功率增加而增加;随Fe2+用量和H2O2用量增加,COD和氨氮去除率先增加而后下降;随pH值增加,氨氮去除率显著增加,COD去除率变化不明显.在微波功率为300W,pH值为8,活性炭9g/L,Fe2+用量为0.02mol/L,H2O2用量为7mL/L,辐射时间6min条件下,垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率分别达到68.22%和78.08%,SS去除率达到78.55%,浑浊度去除率达到99.02%,颜色由黑褐色去除为接近无色,BOD5/COD由0.21提高到0.45;研究比较了不同处理对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果.结果显示,微波催化氧化对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理.     

pH对电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响

主要研究了不同pH值对高氨氮垃圾渗滤液的电化学氧化的影响,重点考察了pH值在电解过程中的电解速率、电流效率、能耗以及三氯甲烷生成情况。结果表明:pH对电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液过程有重要的影响。在弱碱性条件下,电解垃圾渗滤液过程中氨氮及COD的降解速率、电流效率及能耗均要比在强酸、强碱条件下高,当pH为8.09时,经过6 h降解,氨氮的去除率达到100%,氨氮的降解速率为7 mg/(L.min),电流效率为45.23%,氨氮能耗为0.09kWh/g,COD的降解去除率达到50%,三氯甲烷产生的随着电解时间的增加而增加,电解6 h后三氯甲烷浓度从低于检测值升高至0.636 mg/L。     

赤泥吸附垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮的实验研究

在不同的环境条件下,以北京昌平小汤山的阿苏卫垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,以COD、氨氮为评价指标,进行了赤泥吸附垃圾渗滤液中有害物质的实验,研究了赤泥的COD、氨氮吸附效果与其用量、渗滤液pH、温度、振荡时间的关系.实验表明:赤泥对氨氮有一定的吸附能力,其最大吸附量约为32mg/g,吸附氨氮的最佳条件为赤泥用量30 g/L、pH值8、温度4℃、振荡时间60min;赤泥对COD也有一定的吸附能力,其最大吸附量约为87mg/g,吸附COD的最佳条件为赤泥用量30g/L、pH值8、温度4℃、振荡时间80min.根据实验结果,对赤泥吸附COD、氨氮的机理进行了探讨.     

乳状液膜分离法预处理垃圾渗滤液氨氮的试验研究

用span-80表面活性剂制作的乳状液处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮,考察了表面活性剂span-80用量、膜内相硫酸浓度、膜增强剂用量、油内比、乳水比、外相水pH值因素对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,用乳状液膜分离法预处理垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,分离速度快,处理效果达到87%以上。     

微波/活性炭强化过硫酸盐氧化处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用微波(MW)-活性炭(AC)强化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化处理垃圾渗滤液,研究不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理的影响,比较不同组合工艺对渗滤液处理的效果及活性炭的多次使用情况.结果表明,COD和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率随着AC用量、PS用量(S2O82-:12COD0)、MW功率和辐射时间的增加而增大,pH值对COD的去除影响不明显, NH4+-N在碱性条件下得到更理想的去除效果;在活性炭用量为10g/L,PS用量为S2O82-:12COD0=1.2,pH=9,MW功率和辐射时间分别为500W和10min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD和NH4+-N去除率分别为78.2%和67.2%,BOD5/COD由0.17增至0.38;不同工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理效果显示,MW-AC-PS工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理,且MW、AC和PS之间存在协同效应,MW热效应显著;活性炭四次实验后,COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为61.2%和46.1%.     

微波/活性炭强化过硫酸盐氧化处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用微波(MW)-活性炭(AC)强化过硫酸盐(PS)氧化处理垃圾渗滤液,研究不同因素对垃圾渗滤液处理的影响,比较不同组合工艺对渗滤液处理的效果及活性炭的多次使用情况.结果表明,COD和氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率随着AC用量、PS用量(S2O82-:12COD0)、MW功率和辐射时间的增加而增大,pH值对COD的去除影响不明显,NH4+-N在碱性条件下得到更理想的去除效果;在活性炭用量为10g/L,PS用量为S2O82-:12COD0=1.2,pH=9,MW功率和辐射时间分别为500W和10min时,垃圾渗滤液中的COD和NH4+-N去除率分别为78.2%和67.2%,BOD5/COD由0.17增至0.38;不同工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理效果显示,MW-AC-PS工艺对垃圾渗滤液中COD和氨氮去除率明显高于其他处理,且MW、AC和PS之间存在协同效应,MW热效应显著;活性炭四次实验后,COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别为61.2%和46.1%.     

SBR处理早期垃圾渗滤液中的COD和氨氮

采用SBR法对早期垃圾渗滤液进行好氧生物处理,探讨了进水COD负荷、pH值对COD、氨氮的处理效果和机理。实验结果表明:当运行周期为24 h时,好氧生物处理对早期的垃圾渗滤液有很好的处理效果,COD的去除率都能达到88%左右;出水的COD浓度随着进水COD浓度呈直线变化。pH一直保持在中性条件下,有利于COD的去除,但是对氨氮的去除却有一定的抑制作用。     

Fenton法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

本文对Fenton试剂处理垃圾渗滤液进行了研究,探讨H2O2用量、n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)、pH值、反应时间等因素对COD和氨氮去除率的影响,结果表明:Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液中COD具有良好的处理效果,最佳条件是:初始pH值为4,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)为2∶1,反应时间为1 h,垃圾渗滤液的COD去除率可达70.8%。但单独采用Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的处理效果不明显。     

厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场渗滤液水质水量变化规律的研究

为了减少生物反应器填埋场投资和运行费用,实现填埋场的快速稳定化,将厌氧型生物反应器填埋场(ANBL)和准好氧矿化垃圾生物反应床(SAARB)串联,组成新型的厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场(AN-SABL).通过研究AN-SABL渗滤液水质水量变化规律,以期为其渗滤液的管理和处理提供理论依据.实验表明,AN-SABL具有较好的渗滤液削减作用,最高削减量可达到771 g·kg-1;而且AN-SABL渗滤液水质变化具有明显的阶段性特征,渗滤液中硝酸盐(包括亚硝酸盐)浓度和氨氮浓度分别受Eh值和pH值影响明显.AN-SABL能够有效去除渗滤液中的有机物,实验结束时,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液COD的去除率分别达到了98.49%和97.98%,二者的COD浓度仅为ANBL1号COD浓度的14.5%、21.1%;同时,AN-SABL有较好的脱氮作用,AN-SABL2号和AN-SABL3号渗滤液中氨氮浓度分别从最高值1 452 mg·L-1、1 409 mg·L-1下降至525 mg·L-1、459 mg·L-1,只有ANBL1号氨氮浓度的36.5%和31.9%.SAARB单元的脱氮除碳效果受TOC/TC值的影响明显,当渗滤液中TOC/TC下降到0.2左右后,SAARB单元对COD和TN的去除率分别从95%和93%以上降到了35.25%～69.56%和64.53%～77.45%之间.     

铁碳微电解/Fenton试剂联合处理垃圾渗滤液研究

垃圾渗滤液水量、水质波动大,污染强度高,处理困难且费用较高,以扬州市某垃圾填埋场渗滤液为研究对象,采用两种微电解-Fenton组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理.重点考察了反应时间、H2O2投加量和pH值等因素对渗滤液的处理效果.结果表明:(1)微电解-Fenton组合Ⅰ:当pH值为4.0,H2O2投加量为3 mi/L,反应时间为90 min时,COD去除率达到64.3％,氨氮的去除率为65.9％;(2)微电解-Fenton组合Ⅱ:当pH值为4.0,H2O2投加量为1.0 mL/L,反应时间为90 min时,COD去除率达到71.3％,氨氮的去除率为83.9％.     

加速填埋场稳定化进程复合菌系的构建

针对传统的填埋场稳定化时间长等问题,采用生物强化技术以加速填埋场的稳定化进程.以反复筛选与多次传代培养的性能稳定的功能菌群为基础,通过研究不同组合的功能菌群对填埋场所产渗滤液及填埋垃圾稳定过程的影响,构建了一组能加速填埋场稳定化进程的复合菌系.结果表明,该复合菌系较其他组合功能菌群对渗滤液指标影响最大,渗滤液的产量、COD和氨氮影响最大,使各指标在填埋初期达到峰值后明显消减,分别在49,30和44d后持续低于其他各组,且氨氮浓度130d后低于10mg/L,达到国家生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB 16889-2008)规定的渗滤液氨氮排放标准.渗滤液累计产量、COD和氨氮总量在整个填埋周期较对照组分别减少了26.66%、26.59%和25.40%,降低了填埋场的污染负荷.该复合菌系对垃圾稳定化指标影响最大,至填埋结束时,填埋垃圾TOC 、TN和C/N较对照组分别低39.6%、18.95%和25.48%,垃圾沉降率和总有机质生物降解率分别较对照组提高了9.99%和26.23%.     

电解氧化法预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用连续式电解槽对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究.考察不同的电流密度、进水pH值、Cl-质量浓度等对电解效果的影响,从而确定了最佳操作条件.在最佳条件下,比较研究电解装置对3种不同来源的垃圾渗滤液各项指标的去除效果.结果表明,连续式电解法对中等COD质量浓度的垃圾渗滤液(COD质量浓度为2 000～10 000 mg/L)有较好的处理效果,可有效去除废水中的COD,氨氮和重金属,且对难降解的污染物(如苯胺、苯酚等)有良好的去除作用.该法提高了水质的可生化性,强化了后续生化处理,为中试及工业化工程设计应用提供了参考.      

Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfill

To study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220–280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%–28 vol.%, 2 vol.%–8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%–13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.     

填埋场渗滤液水质特性在Fenton处理过程中的变化

在CSTR和间歇操作两种模式下考察了早、晚期渗滤液水质特性在Fenton处理过程前后的变化。结果表明NH₃-N ,NO₃- -N ,Cl- 质量浓度变化很小 ,F- 质量浓度则有较大的增加 ,而IC(无机碳 )值下降较多。渗滤液中的COD_Cr和TOC均得到不同程度的去除 ,且晚期渗滤液的去除率高些 ,造成这种不同处理效果的原因主要是渗滤液中高分子量有机物 (HighMolecularWeightOrganicMatter ,HMWOM)与低分子量有机物(LowMolecularWeightOrganicMatter,LMWOM)的比例存在较大的差异。此外 ,文中COD_Cr和TOC的去除率大多低于文献 [1]的数值.      

改性成都粘土预处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

文章采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HDTMA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)3种改性剂分别对成都粘土进行改性,将改性粘土用于垃圾渗滤液处理,比较不同改性粘土对氨氮和COD的吸附性能,并通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析技术对改性粘土进行表征,分析作用机理;研究表明,粘土经过改性后,3种改性粘土的底面间距分别增大0.7533、0.3496、0.1929nm,对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮和COD去除效果关系为:HDTMA改性土>AM改性土>PAC改性土>原土,HDTMA改性土为最优改性土。改性粘土预处理渗滤液方法是可行的,HDTMA改性土是最优改性土,对氨氮去除率达到48.68%,COD去除率达到32.27%,控制条件为:投加量为100g,pH=7,转速为200 r/min(50min),静置时间6h。     

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.     

渗滤液回流量对生物反应器型垃圾填埋的影响

利用3个生物反应器研究了回流量的大小对模拟填埋场厌氧处理城市生活垃圾的影响。0号罐设定渗滤液不回流,1号罐和2号罐采取渗滤液回流措施,其回流量分别是10L/d(反应器体积的10.5%),20L/d(反应器体积的21%)。试验结果表明:1号罐中的甲烷产量和甲烷含量都要优于0号罐和2号罐。在2号罐中渗滤液回流量相对提高1倍后,其pH会下降而VFA和COD的浓度会有相应的增加。相对于10L的渗滤液回流量,高回流量(20L)有利于产甲烷化的启动和提高填埋气的产量和甲烷含量。但在反应后一阶段,高回流量(20L)导致产气量比低回流量的(10L)减少34.83%左右。     

Characterization of refuse landfill leachates of three di erent stages in landfill stabilization process

Landfill leachates with di erent ages (mature leachate, 11 years; semi-mature leachate, 5 years; fresh leachate, under operation) were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, Shanghai to characterize the colloid size distribution and variations of leachate. These leachates were separated using micro-filtration and ultra-filtration into specific size fractions, i.e., suspended particles (SP) (> 1.2 m), coarse colloids (CC) (1.2–0.45 m), fine colloids (FC) (0.45 m, 5 kDa/1 kDa molecular weight (MW)), and dissolved organic matters (DM, < 5 kDa/1 kDa MW). The specific colloids in each size fraction were quantified and characterized through chemical oxygen demands (COD), total solid (TS), pH, NH4 +-N, total organic carbon (TOC) and fixed solid (FS). It was found that COD, NH4 +-N and TS in leachate decreased significantly over ages, while pH increased. The dissolved fractions (< 5 kDa/1 kDa) dominated (over 50%) in three leachates in terms of COD, and the organic matter content in dissolved fraction of leachates decreased and the inorganic matter increased as the disposal time extended, with the TOC/COD ratio 30%–7%. Dissolved fractions decreased from 82% to 40% in terms of TOC as the disposal time extended, suggested that the organic matter remained in leachate would form into middle molecular weight substances during the degradation process.