新型防粘闭污水土地处理系统的研究与应用

对新型污水土地处理系统进行了研究，并详细分析了该系统具有较好处理效果且不发生堵塞的原因，总结了该系统的优缺点。     

人工湿地系统处理污水新模式的探讨

本文简述了污水处理方法的概况，全面论述了人工湿地系统这一处理污水新模式的发展、工艺、基本原理。提出了设计的一般过程，结合实例说明了该系统投资省、运行费用低以及良好效果。通过总结该系统的一般特征，展示了该系统在处理污水方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

污染地下水原位处理方法:可渗透反应墙

可渗透反应墙法是 2 0世纪 90年代新兴的一种地下水污染原位处理方法 ,该方法目前在欧美已开始进入广泛的工程应用阶段。该方法与早期的一些处理方法相比 ,具有能持续原位处理、处理组分多、价格相对便宜等特点。本文系统介绍了该处理方法的基本原理、系统的结构构造和类型、处理机理和反应材料以及设计与施工等 ,为在我国开展该方法的研究和应用打下基础。     

一种新的除磷工艺

北卡罗来纳的P·O·汉斯兰开发了一种新的废水生物处理专利技术,该技术可显著地降低废水中磷的水平.该废水处理系统自1992年运行,每天可处理1200万加仑废水.在运行的第一年,该系统在不投任何化学添加剂的情况下,可将废水中磷含量降至0.27毫克/升.要达到该处理水平,该系统的3个独立工序将共同运行.主流工     

污染地下水原位处理方法：可渗透反应墙

可渗透反应墙法是20世纪90年代新兴的一种地下水污染原位处理方法，该方法目前在欧美已开始进入广泛的工程应用阶段，该方法与早期的一些处理方法相比，具有能持续原位处理，处理组分多，价格相对便宜等特点，本文系统介绍了该处理方法的基本原理，系统的结构构造和类型，处理机理和反应材料以及设计与施工等，为在我国开展该方法的研究和应用打下基础。     

环保信息

世界第一座工业废水生物处理的单罐系统 世界第一座工业废水生物处理单罐系统在1992年夏天法国巴黎国际技术交流大会上展现。研制该系统的负责人克林顿指出该罐系统是唯一能用生物方法处理废水中绝大多数有害有机废物的装置。废水是经过去除重金属后泵入“生物反应器”塔罐中,罐中的微生物将全部吃掉以碳为主的有害有机物质。然后,经处理的水可排入城市污水管道进一步处理。克林顿说该系统是专门为处理低浓度有害有机废水而设计的。 刘健摘译自《ES＆T》 Vol.26,No.10,1992     

清洁型一体化污水处理系统研究

针对城镇分散型污水处理的特点,开发了一种清洁型一体化污水处理系统.该系统由立体循环一体化氧化沟(IODVC)、污泥减量区和臭气处理区优化整合而成.中试试验结果表明:该系统可以使微生物有效处理污水,并实现污泥减量和臭味气体净化.经该系统处理的污水,出水COD、NH4 -N、SS的浓度维持在35 mg/L、1 mg/L和20 mg/L以下;同时,臭味气体得到有效去除,氨气和硫化氢等臭味气体可以达标排放;经过生物减量,排放的剩余污泥减少了46.4%;污泥的比阻有所降低.本系统占地少,运行操作简便,无二次污染,属于适合中小型污水处理的技术工艺.     

SBR式流化床船用生活污水处理设备及其处理效果

介绍了SBR式流化床船用生活污水处理设备的组成结构,对该设备进行了启动试验和污水处理效果试验,结果表明该设备具有启动方便、反应时间短的特点.当处理周期为2 h时,处理设备的出水水质完全满足<船用生活污水处理系统技术条件>(GB10833-89)的要求.     

水解酸化+SBR工艺处理小规模养殖屠宰废水

介绍了水解SBR处理系统在屠宰加工废水中的工程应用。结果表明,经该工艺处理后,外排废水出水水质能达到《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(GB1345792)的一级排放标准。该工艺具有占地面积小,处理效率好,运行费用低等特点,能广泛应用于屠宰加工废水的处理。     

人工神经网络在强化一级处理系统过程模拟与优化中的应用

针对化学强化一级处理系统(CEPT)处理废水时影响因素多,难以进行适当的控制和处理效果的预测等问题,建立起基于BP人工神经网络的CEPT法处理猪场稳定塘废水预测模型,并应用该模型对烧杯试验进行了模拟.结果表明,预测值和实测值吻合较好,模型对COD、总磷、浊度去除率预测的平均相对误差分别为7.5%、4.8%和4.9%.通过对pH值和絮凝剂投药量等可控参数进行优化计算,得到CEPT系统的最佳操作条件和最合理操作条件.该模型的建立为CEPT法处理废水工艺系统实现自动化控制提供了一条简便实用的途径.     

基于可调二极管激光技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统

汽车尾气排放已成为最主要的城市污染源之一。汽车尾气的遥感监测系统作为一种高效实时监测汽车正常运行状况下的尾气排放方法已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍基于可调二极管激光(TDL)技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统。首先介绍遥感监测系统的产生与发展以及TDL技术的基本原理,其次阐述遥感监测系统的组成、关键技术以及系统的优点,并分析遥感监测系统在国内外的应用现状,最后提出目前应用中尚待解决的若干关键技术问题。     

基于可调二极管激光技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统

汽车尾气排放已成为最主要的城市污染源之一。汽车尾气的遥感监测系统作为一种高效实时监测汽车正常运行状况下的尾气排放方法已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文主要介绍基于可调二极管激光（TDL）技术的汽车尾气遥感监测系统。首先介绍遥感监测系统的产生与发展以及TDL技术的基本原理，其次阐述遥感监测系统的组成、关键技术以及系统的优点，并分析遥感监测系统在国内外的应用现状，最后提出目前应用中尚待解决的若干关键技术问题。     

自然循环式污水处理系统及应用实例研究

自然循环污水处理系统(naturalcirculationsystem,NC)是日本研究开发的一种新型的污水人工渗滤处理系统,该技术将落叶、木屑、木炭和石头等自然材料作为填料,并通过各处理单元的有效组合,使该装置内的生物净化功能达到最佳效果。在江苏省宜兴市建立的示范工程显示:NC系统对污水中几个代表性水质指标有较好的去除,CODCr、BOD5、TP和NH+4N等指标基本去除率分别为4951%~9513%、50%~80%、3560%~7813%和7198%~9844%。     

MSBR法污水处理在线模糊控制的研究

MSBR法就其运行功能和效果而言,被认为是一种理想的污水处理工艺流程.由于运行过程变量多,它属于复杂的动态系统.目前采用的PID控制模式无法找到精确的模型来描述,故将模糊控制用于MSBR工艺系统控制中,对于处理效果有关的变量进行模糊控制,用模糊控制算法对处理效果的测试进行研究,并将该模糊控制算法在MATLAB上进行了仿真,结果表明系统具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性及优良的控制性能.     

MSBR法污水处理在线模糊控制的研究

MSBR法就其运行功能和效果而言，被认为是一种理想的污水处理工艺流程。由于运行过程变量多，它属于复杂的动态系统。目前采用的PID控制模式无法找到精确的模型来描述，故将模糊控制用于MSBR工艺系统控制中，对于处理效果有关的变量进行模糊控制，用模糊控制算法对处理效果的测试进行研究，并将该模糊控制算法在MATLAB上进行了仿真，结果表明系统具有较强的鲁棒性和自适应性及优良的控制性能。     

Mobile Fabric Filter System: Design and Preliminary Results

In order to study the effects of fabric filter parameters when filtering an actual industrial effluent stream, it is necessary to vary these parameters in the field. A mobile fabric filter system has been designed, fabricated and operated to provide this information. The design characteristics and some preliminary field data collected with this system are summarized.     

Aerobic plate count,Salmonella and Campylobacter loads of whole bird carcass rinses from pre-chillers with different water management strategies in a commercial poultry processing plant

Abstract

Salmonella and Campylobacter are significant issues for poultry processors because of increasing regulatory standards as well as public health concerns. The goal of this study is to report the effects of two different pre-chiller systems that utilize different temperatures and water recirculation systems on whole bird carcass rinsates. Both pre-chiller tanks were contained within a single poultry processing facility and operated at different temperatures and water systems. The incidence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp., as well as the aerobic plate counts on whole bird carcass rinses are reported in this study from each pre-chiller system. The results from this study reveal that there are significant differences in how microbial populations and pathogens change over time in each pre-chiller system. Furthermore, we identify that these patterns are different per system. Such data are impactful as it indicates that measuring carcasses within a plant must consider both temperature and water recirculation as it may prevent comparability of different lines within a single processing facility.     

Long-term scenarios for surface transport

Current trends in transport indicate that the system is moving away from a sustainable development (e.g., due to rising CO₂ emissions), and that major changes in technology and public policy, as well as in the behaviour of individuals, are necessary to make the transport system more compatible with environmental sustainability. This indicates the need to assess a set of future images for transport in relation to the environment. In this paper, reference and expert scenarios, which can act as a judgement framework for a sustainable transport system, are constructed on the basis of the recently developed 'spider model'. Based on a set of distinct characteristics of a transport system, represented by eight axes in the spatial, institutional, economic and social psychological field, an evaluation framework is constructed, which visualises the driving forces that largely influence the future of the transport system. There are several directions in which these factors may develop, and each of them will separately or in combination lead to entirely different transport systems. In this way, many scenarios can be constructed by connecting points on the successive axes. Such scenarios may range from market-oriented to regulatory pictures; the first may lead to a transport system in which individual, the second in which collective modes of transport dominate. Next, expected and desired scenarios are constructed from the opinions of Dutch transport experts, who responded to a nationwide survey. The expected scenario indicates that many current trends will continue, while the transport system is largely the same as the current one. The desired scenario, on the other hand, gives a more collective system, in which also many new modes are operating. The conclusion is that there are many roads for achieving a sustainable transport system, but that whichever one is chosen, it will be hard to follow.     

New York State’s Classifications- Ambient Air Quality Objectives System

The air pollution potential of any area is directly related to its population and economic development. In New York State, this pollution potential ranges from that existing in the sparsely inhabited recreational zones to that prevailing in the densely populated and/or heavily industrialized areas. No one set of air quality standards or objectives can be developed which can reasonably be applied on a statewide basis. A classifications-air quality objectives system has been adopted by the State Air Pollution Control Board for application in New York State. In accordance with this system, specific areas can be classified in one of 16 categories. Air quality objectives, in keeping with each classification, are designed to protect health and to promote the maximum comfort and enjoyment and use of property consistent with the needs of the area concerned. The system was developed by the staff with the assistance of a council of technical advisors. Units of measurement related to the most important effect of specific contaminants are utilized. Methods of sampling and analysis are specified. The details of the classifications-objectives system, the place of the system in the state’s air resource management plan, the manner in which each segment of the state after study will be classified, and how attainment will be evaluated are described.     

Balancing of Industrial Ventilation Systems

The body of information contained in this paper is directed to those individuals involved in the design and installation of air pollution control systems. When several sources are connected to one ventilation system, a critical part of the overall design is directed to assuring that the system is balanced so that the correct volume is exhausted from each point. The preferable technique for accomplishing this in industrial ventilation systems is the slide gate adjustment method, which can require extensive field adjustment to determine the final slide gate positions. In this study the pressure loss characteristics of slide gate dampers have been measured as a function of damper position, for both round and rectangular ductwork. Generalized graphs are presented that allow for the determination of damper position during the design phase, based on the amount of resistance that must be added to a given branch. Application of this technique indicates it to be both accurate and reliable and significantly reduces the time required to balance a system.