高层建筑火场供水探讨

高层建筑火灾扑救的关键是供水,能否快速有效地向火场输送充足用水直接影响高层建筑灭火战斗的成败。本文对目前高层建筑火场供水普遍存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的高层建筑火场供水的有效方法和途径。     

新概念消防车的发展

分析了新概念消防车的发展现状,介绍了新概念消防车目前主要开发的品种、灭火原理、特点及结构等,可应用于扑灭石油化工企业火灾、大跨度建筑物火灾、地下工程火灾、飞机火灾等多方面。     

火灾环境影响及防治对策研究

探讨火灾的发生对环境的影响,同时指出环境的破坏也会带来火灾的发生。提出了消防控灾过程中防治环境污染的对策,包括火灾扑救过程中造成的水体污染防治、火灾扑救过程中灭火剂使用造成的环境污染防治等几个方面。     

石蜡火灾扑救技战术研究

本文在分析石蜡的理化性质和燃烧持性的基础上,详细分析了石蜡火灾的特点,并结合上海“9.16”石蜡仓库火灾扑救战例,对石蜡火灾扑救时的技术和战术进行了较为深入的探讨,以为消防部队扑救该类火灾提供现实的指导.     

石化装置火灾扑救初探

结合石化企业火灾的特点,阐述了石化装置中塔釜容器类、加热炉、框架区、油罐、液化气储罐等典型火灾扑救的安全要点。     

采用大流量泡沫炮扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的探讨

简要分析了大型储罐全面积火灾着火面积大、热辐射强、易复燃、破坏力强等特点,指出了这类火灾的主要扑救难点是远距离作战、消防物资消耗大、战术要求高等。从泡沫液最低流量、泡沫液喷射方式和泡沫液选型3方面提出了用于扑救大型储罐全面积火灾的大流量泡沫炮的要求,指出泡沫炮的最小流量应不低于20000L/min,利用蛋白泡沫液采用集中喷射方式进行灭火。     

细水雾灭火剂在商用厨房中的应用研究

商用厨房火灾的最主要原因是油锅的持续高温引发食用油自燃起火,食用油极易复燃的火灾行为大大增加了其扑救难度,通过实验表明,细水雾灭火剂极强的冷却作用能够有效扑救食用油火灾.     

应急响应过程事故模拟可视化的实现

介绍了应急响应过程中事故模拟可视化展示的基本参数选取、数据流向及实现流程.针对泄漏、火灾、爆炸事故,根据事发现场气象条件、泄漏源参数及事故物质的物化特性,调用相应的事故计算模型对事故进行模拟计算,并对计算数据进行可视化展示.如果突发事故为火灾,系统可以根据消防车消防能力、消防管网信息智能地计算,展示消防车的占位情况,并自动为占位消防车分配任务.     

常压储罐灭火过程中消防水使用和控制

结合储罐灭火应急演练中存在的问题,对火灾扑救过程中消防水的合理使用和平衡控制,特别是事故罐、相邻罐的冷却隔离提出了建议措施,为常压储罐火灾的控制和扑救提供参考。     

浅谈石油化工厂罐区的火灾特点及扑救对策

分析了石油化工厂罐区的火灾特点,提出了火灾扑救的对策。     

Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli

Two different conditioning procedures, one appetitive and the other aversive, were used in separate attempts to demonstrate response to magnetic fields in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Our results lead us to question those of an orientation experiment by Becker, although we recognize the possibility that goldfish may be sensitive primarily to magnetic field direction rather than intensity and that their directional sensitivity may be evidenced most readily by orientation in the field.     

从生态旅游到低碳旅游——从理念到实践

阐述了生态旅游、低碳旅游的基本概念,分析了生态旅游存在的不足,提出低碳旅游的量化及建立各项标准及其指标评价体系并将之融入低碳旅游全过程以实现低碳旅游的标准化,重点在于实现低碳理念、低碳参与者及低碳实践3个方面的有机结合,以促进旅游业的可持续发展的可操作性建议.     

以学定教,提高课堂教学效率

根据心理学理论,学习是一个学生内化的过程,学生是自主学会的,而不是被动教会的。因此在教学中,教师只有做到以学定教,才能有效提高教学效率,促进学生对知识的掌握。     

如何做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应

应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置中的首要环节,是对污染事故及时、正确地进行应急处理、减轻事故危害和制定恢复措施的根本依据。文章从制定应急监测预案、加强应急监测能力建设、摸清污染源状况、加强应急培训和应急演练等方面对做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应作了简要的阐述,供大家探讨。     

Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may need to change, to preserve food security and provide income-generating options. These are likely to include areas of Africa that are already marginal for crop production; as these become increasingly marginal, then livestock may provide an alternative to cropping. We carried out some analysis to identify areas in sub-Saharan Africa where such transitions might occur. For the currently cropped areas (which already include the highland areas where cropping intensity may increase in the future), we estimated probabilities of failed seasons for current climate conditions, and compared these with estimates obtained for future climate conditions in 2050, using downscaled climate model output for a higher and a lower greenhouse-gas emission scenario. Transition zones can be identified where the increased probabilities of failed seasons may induce shifts from cropping to increased dependence on livestock. These zones are characterised in terms of existing agricultural system, current livestock densities, and levels of poverty. The analysis provides further evidence that climate change impacts in the marginal cropping lands may be severe, where poverty rates are already high. Results also suggest that those likely to be more affected are already more poor, on average. We discuss the implications of these results in a research-for-development targeting context that is likely to see the poor disproportionately and negatively affected by climate change.     

重归大自然——密西西比河之行

密西西比河是美国第一大河。它一路曲曲弯弯向着墨西哥湾蜿蜒流去．沿途形成广袤的洪泛平原,滋润着美国大陆41％的土地。水量也比美国其他河流都要多。密西西比河及其洪泛平原哺育着400多种野生动植物。北美地区40％的水禽都沿着密西西比河的路径迁徙。密西西比河对于美国。如同长江对于中国,无论从经济还是生物多样性保护等方面,其作用都是举足轻重。     

Soil microbial response to herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola

Adoption of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased glyphosate applications to this crop, and concerns have been raised about unintended consequences of these multiple applications. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-seed and in-crop glyphosate and alternative herbicides on soil microbial community functional structure, diversity and biomass. Pre-seed treatments were 2,4-D, glyphosate and 2,4-D + glyphosate, and in-crop treatments were glyphosate applied once, glyphosate applied twice, ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin + sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron + clopyralid, and sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was collected at flowering stage of canola and analyzed for bacterial community-level substrate utilization patterns and microbial biomass C (MBC). Where differences were significant, pre-seed application of both 2,4-D and glyphosate altered the functional structure and reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria, but increased MBC. These effects were not necessarily concurrent. The reduction in functional diversity was due to reduction in evenness, which means that the soil where both pre-seed herbicides had been applied was dominated by only few functional groups. In 1 year, two in-crop applications of glyphosate also reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria when applied after pre-seed 2,4-D, as did in-crop sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron following pre-seed glyphosate. Even though significant differences between herbicides were fewer than non-significant differences, i.e., there were no changes in soil microbial community structure, diversity or biomass in response to glyphosate or alternative herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola in most cases, the observed changes in soil microbial communities could affect soil food webs and biological processes.     

亲近自然的一条捷径——向你推荐《生物多样性知识达人手册》

"它随处可见,从最大的海洋到最小的水坑,从最茂密的森林到最干旱的荒漠,从最富饶的沼泽到最高的山峰……它是一个活的银行账户,为人类全部事业和财富提供资本.它是什么?它就是……生物多样性." 翻开《生物多样性知识达人手册》的第一页,在"开头的话"中,你就能读到上面这一段饶有趣味的文字,让你不自觉地联想到我们所处的环境和我们赖以生存的地球.没错,这是一本新鲜出炉的、以生物多样性为主题的读物,用生动有趣的方式告诉你,什么是生物多样性?生物多样性为什么重要?你怎样才能保护好这个星球的生物多样性?     

浅谈如何做好孩子的入学准备

从幼儿园升入小学是孩子迈入知识殿堂的关键一步,也是孩子人生的一大转折。如何协助家长和教师,帮助孩子顺利实现这次转折是非常重要的。基于此目的,结合多年从事幼小教育工作的实际,并根据教育部颁布的《幼儿园教育指导纲要》精神,紧扣学前儿童的心理和学习特点,阐述如何让孩子在各方面得到系统的锻炼和提高,为顺利升入理想的小学、并尽快适应小学阶段的学习和生活做好准备。