混凝-纳滤集成工艺深度处理脱墨废水

采用混凝-纳滤工艺对脱墨废水生化出水进行深度处理。实验结果表明，当聚合氯化铝的投加量为100mg／L时，废水中污染物的综合去除性能最佳，其中浊度去除率达91％，色度去除率达74％。采用4种相同材质、不同切割分子量的纳滤膜进一步深度处理后，出水达到《再生水质标准（SL368—2006）》中锅炉用水控制指标的要求。     

膜生物反应器(MBR)-反渗透(RO)工艺深度处理印染废水的实验研究

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）-反渗透（RO）工艺对印染废水进行了深度处理实验。原水经MBR系统处理后，COD去除率、ss去除率和色度去除率分别达89．9％、100％和87．5％。MBR系统处理出水进入反渗透（RO）系统进行处理，硬度去除率和除盐率分别达99．62％和99．64％，同时可进一步除去剩余的COD、色度。系统出水水质满足生产回用的要求。     

铁炭微电解-水解酸化-接触氧化法处理有机硅废水的研究

针对有机硅废水的特性,采用铁炭微电解预处理、水解酸化和接触氧化组合工艺处理有机硅废水。废水经铁炭微电解预处理后COD去除率达40%;水解酸化处理后COD去除率达30%;接触氧化处理后COD去除率达70%;当系统进水COD为750 mg/L时,经过组合工艺处理后,出水COD可降至100 mg/L以下,达到了工业废水排放标准。     

接触氧化-人工湿地去除印染废水中的COD

采用絮凝沉淀＋接触氧化＋人工湿地工艺处理印染废水中COD研究.结果表明,斜板沉淀池出水COD平均值为1322 mg/L,此间COD去除率为38.6%;二沉池出水COD平均值为71 mg/L,此段COD去除率达94.6%;人工湿地出水COD平均值为37 mg/L,人工湿地COD去除率为48.0%.处理设施COD总去除率98.3%.     

PS高级氧化-离子沉淀-V型砂滤组合工艺深度处理AO7染料废水应用研究

采用Fe2+活化PS高级氧化-离子沉淀-V型砂滤组合工艺对模拟印染废水进行深度处理。以AO7为模型污染物,模拟COD约100 mg/L的废水,考察了PS、Fe SO4投加量和摩尔比对COD去除率、体系剩余SO2-4浓度和SS去除率的影响。结果表明,该组合工艺能有效处理AO7废水,当PS∶Fe2+∶AO7摩尔比为30∶15∶2时,COD去除率可达最大的80.6%,处理成本5元/m3;当PS∶Fe2+∶AO7摩尔比为30∶15∶4时,COD去除率可达77.6%,SO2-4去除率高达60.6%,出水SO2-4浓度124.4 mg/L,处理成本2.7元/m3;当PS∶Fe2+∶AO7摩尔比为30∶20∶8时,COD去除率可达64.7%,SO2-4去除率达42.4%,出水SO2-4浓度110.5 mg/L,SS10 mg/L,处理成本为最低的1.5元/m3。组合工艺中高级氧化塔为COD去除的关键环节;离子沉淀池可以有效去除反应过程中产生的SO2-4。     

接触氧化-人工湿地去除印染废水中的COD

采用絮凝沉淀+接触氧化+人工湿地工艺处理印染废水中COD研究。结果表明,斜板沉淀池出水COD平均值为1322mg/L,此间COD去除率为38·6%;二沉池出水COD平均值为71mg/L,此段COD去除率达94·6%;人工湿地出水COD平均值为37mg/L,人工湿地COD去除率为48·0%。处理设施COD总去除率98·3%。     

Fenton 氧化深度处理高浓度造纸废水的中试实验简

采用Fenton氧化开展了对高浓度造纸废水深度处理的中试实验，对Fenton氧化的COD的去除效果，各药剂加药量及成本，排泥量和装置运行的稳定性等进行探讨和分析，结果表明，一级Fenton氧化的COD去除率可达到90%以上，出水COD在100 mg/L左右，总加药成本在6元左右，排泥量约为1~1.2 kg/t废水；二级Fenton氧化的COD去除率在96%左右，出水COD小于60 mg/L，总加药成本在8元左右，排泥量约为1.15~1.4 kg/t废水，验证了Fenton氧化用于高浓度造纸废水深度处理达到新的排放标准的可行性。     

高浓度柠檬酸生产废水处理

采用厌氧-兼氧-好氧工艺处理柠檬酸生产排放的高浓度有机废水，处理后废水的BOD5和CODCr去除率达95％以上，出水BOD5平均值为58．5mg／L，CODCr平均值为304mg／L，pH=6～9，达到排放标准，并生产沼气供生产生活使用。     

曝气生物滤池深度处理混合印染废水

采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)反应器作为混合印染废水的深度处理工艺,对BAF的启动情况和不同气水比条件下BAF的深度处理效能进行探讨。结果表明,采用同步连续法可实现BAF在15 d内快速启动;当气水比为3∶1时,二级处理出水的处理效果最好,氨氮、COD和色度去除率分别达到77.8%、61.5%和90%。比较BAF中生物膜和活性污泥对二级处理出水的深度处理效能性能时发现,在相同生物量和环境条件下生物膜表现了出更强深度处理能力。     

臭氧催化氧化-BAF组合工艺深度处理抗生素制药废水

针对抗生素制药废水组分复杂、毒性强、难生物降解的特点,以Ce负载天然沸石作为催化剂(Ce/NZ),采用臭氧催化氧化-曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对抗生素制药废水二级生化处理出水进行深度处理。结果表明,Ce/NZ催化剂可显著改善臭氧预处理单元的处理效率,在臭氧进气浓度为50 mg·L~(-1)、臭氧进气量为600 mL·min~(-1)、催化剂用量为1 g·L~(-1)、臭氧反应时间为120 min的条件下,臭氧催化氧化预处理对抗生素制药废水的COD去除率达到43%,平均COD由220 mg·L~(-1)降至125 mg·L~(-1),BOD_5/COD由0.12升至0.28,废水的可生化性得到显著提高。臭氧预处理单元出水采用BAF进行生化处理,在进水平均COD为125 mg·L~(-1)、平均NH_4~+-N为12 mg·L~(-1)、水力停留时间为4 h、气水比为4∶1的条件下,COD和NH_4~+-N的平均去除率分别为62%和64%。组合工艺处理后出水平均COD和NH_4~+-N分别为46 mg·L~(-1)和4.1 mg·L~(-1),出水水质可以稳定达到《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21903-2008)。相较于单独BAF工艺,组合工艺出水COD和NH_4~+-N平均去除率分别提高了66%和15%,出水水质明显优于单独BAF工艺出水。     

序批式反应器用于牛场污水的处理

对序批式反应器 (SBR)用于牛场污水的处理进行了试验研究 ,主要研究了三个水力停留时间 (HRT)和有机负荷率对污染物去除率、出水水质和污泥特性的影响。试验结果表明 ,对 10 0 0 0mg/LCOD牛场污水 ,使用 1dHRT ,相应有机负荷率为 10gCOD/L·d时 ,混合出水COD、TS、VS、TKN和TN的去除率分别为 45 %、2 1.4%、34 .2 %、5 3.2 %和 2 2 .2 % ,上清液出水的分别为 80 .2 %、6 3.4%、6 6 .2 %、75 %和 38.3% ;两种出水的SCOD和NH3 N去除率相同 ,分别为 5 0 .0 %和 76 .5 %。经SBR处理后 ,污泥的沉降浓缩性能也有了比较明显的改善。     

A~2/O＋硫磺填料柱组合工艺脱氮除磷的效果

以某城市污水厂进水为研究对象,采用A2/O＋硫磺填料反应柱组合工艺,考察其对COD、总氮、总磷以及溶解性磷处理效果的改善。组合工艺出水水质稳定后,连续运行55 d,并对工艺的出水进行常规指标分析。结果表明：组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果较单个A2/O工艺都得到了较大的改善,而COD去除效果变化不大。A2/O系统对COD有良好的去除效果,出水的COD平均去除率能达到94%;TN和TP去除效果相对较差,出水平均去除率分别为60%和57.4%。经硫磺填料反应柱的脱氮除磷作用,系统出水TN去除率提高到84%,TP去除率提高到69.8%,COD去除率变化不大,升高到95.3%。     

A2/O+硫磺填料柱组合工艺脱氮除磷的效果

以某城市污水厂进水为研究对象,采用A2/O+硫磺填料反应柱组合工艺,考察其对COD、总氮、总磷以及溶解性磷处理效果的改善。组合工艺出水水质稳定后,连续运行55 d,并对工艺的出水进行常规指标分析。结果表明:组合工艺的脱氮除磷效果较单个A2/O工艺都得到了较大的改善,而COD去除效果变化不大。A2/O系统对COD有良好的去除效果,出水的COD平均去除率能达到94%;TN和TP去除效果相对较差,出水平均去除率分别为60%和57.4%。经硫磺填料反应柱的脱氮除磷作用,系统出水TN去除率提高到84%,TP去除率提高到69.8%,COD去除率变化不大,升高到95.3%。     

交替缺氧/好氧CAST工艺污染物去除特性

以模拟城市污水为处理对象,采用循环式活性污泥法(CAST)反应器,对交替缺氧/好氧模式下系统去除污染物的性能进行了研究。结果表明,运行期间系统内有机物的去除率稳定,出水COD小于40 mg/L,COD平均去除率为91.7%;NH4+-N、TN的平均去除率分别为83.9%、72.4%,出水TN以NO3--N为主;系统的除磷性能良好,磷酸盐的平均去除率为90.6%。此外,出水COD、TN和TP均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB-18918-2002)的一级A要求。     

液桥凝聚用于办公废纸脱墨的研究

研究了混合办公废纸脱墨的选择性凝聚技术,在废纸浆中添加分散在水中并不与水相溶的长链烷作凝聚剂,这些凝聚剂选择性地将印刷墨粉通过液桥连结在一起,且形成大颗粒的球形聚团,再分选脱除.研究表明只需要加入占纸重量4%的廉价长链烷,即可获得95%以上的脱墨率.因此在混合办公废纸脱墨时加入凝聚剂进行液桥凝聚,可降低脱墨浆中的尘埃度并增加产品的白度.     

Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in a full-scale system with constructed wetlands.

This work evaluated the performance of a full-scale system with wetlands for slaughterhouse (abattoir) effluent treatment in the State of Hidalgo, México. The treatment system consisted of a primary sedimentation tank, an anaerobic lagoon, and a constructed subsurface-flow wetland, in series. The wetland accounted for almost 30% of the removal of organic matter. In general, the treatment system achieved satisfactory pollutant removals, but the final effluent could not meet the Mexican environmental regulations for fecal coliform counts, five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and total suspended solids (TSS). Overall, removal levels were 91%, 89%, and 85% for BOD5, chemical oxygen demand, and TSS, respectively. However, BOD5 in the final effluent (137 mg/L) was higher than the maximum level of 30 mg/L allowed by the regulatory agency. Although organic nitrogen removal levels were approximately 80%, the nitrogen persisted in oxidation state -3 as ammonia-nitrogen, the removal of which was only 9% in the wetland stage. On average, phosphorus removal was null, and, on occasion, the phosphorus concentration in the treated effluent was higher than that of the influent. Coliform reductions in the overall system were high (on the order of 5 logs on average), whereas the coliform removal in the wetland was between 2 to 3.5 logs. The treatment system was also effective at removing pathogens (Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella, and Shigella). Further laboratory tests with the wetland effluent suggest that post treatment in a sand filter stage followed by disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) could help meet the Mexican discharge regulations, particularly the criteria for coliforms and total BOD5.     

悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水

本研究利用悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水 ,对CODCr、氨氮和总磷有较好的去除效果。水力停留时间 6h时 ,CODCr总去除率最高可达到 95 % ,出水CODCr稳定在 30mg/L以下 ;总磷去除率达到 5 0 %以上 ,出水总磷含量低于 0 5mg/L ;对NH3 N的去除率可以稳定在 80 %以上 ,出水NH3 N低于 1mg/L。     

The use of Microtox to assess toxicity removal of industrial effluents from the industrial district of Camaçari (BA, Brazil)

The treatment efficiency, as toxicity removal, of complex effluents from the Industrial District of Cama?ari (BA, Brazil), after biological treatment with activated sludge was evaluated using Microtox. Samples of the equalised effluent (EE) were collected prior to treatment together with samples of the treated effluent (TE), which remained 24 h in the treatment plant. Rehydrated colonies of Vibrio fischeri were exposed to sequential dilutions of EE and TE to assess luminosity interference. Values for EC50 were calculated, together with the respective toxicity units. In all, twenty assays of each effluent type were carried out and the mean toxicity removal was 92.71%, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) presented mean reduction of 83.04%. There was a variability of an order of magnitude between the Microtox results for the two types of effluents. The mean EC50 values were 2.12 for EE and 47.78% for TE. In spite of its weakness in some conditions, the Microtox system demonstrated to work adequately in assessing effluent toxicity removal in this treatment plant and therefore can be used for further toxicity removal programs.     

Physico-chemical treatments for the complete removal of non-ionic surfactants from effluents

Adsorption isotherms for a selection of non-ionic surfactants on activated carbons indicated the effectiveness of the latter in the removal of these pollutants from secondary effluents. The removal efficiencies were found to be improved when the secondary effluent was first flocculated with ferric chloride. This effectively removed some 80% of the non-ionic surfactant in the effluent. Batch adsorption experiments with powdered activated carbon removed 97% of the surfactant at low carbon dosage. A granular carbon with the best adsorption capacity was selected for continuous-flow operation in which non-ionic surfactants, COD and anionic surfactant alkyl benzene sulphonate were monitored. The breakthrough capacity for the non-ionic surfactants was in excess of 6000 bed volumes throughput of flocculated, sand-filtered effluent in a laboratory scale carbon column. Such a procedure is suggested for the complete removal of such pollutants from effluents.