融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus Thunb）为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂（JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号）不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明：随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为：芦笛一号〉LBR-4〉JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

鸡爪槭光合特性对模拟酸雨的响应

研究了模拟酸雨（对照、pH 5.0、pH 4.0、pH 3.0、pH 2.0）胁迫对鸡爪槭（Acer palmatum Thunb.）叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明,试验前20 d,所有处理净光合速率日积分值（DIV of Pn）、蒸腾速率日积分值（DIV of Tr）及水分利用效率（WUE）日均值均显著高于对照（P〈0.05）。试验中后期（喷后40 d、喷后60 d）,pH 5.0的处理Pn日积分值均最高,WUE相对较高而Tr日积分值相对较低。pH≤4.0的处理在同一时期Pn日积分值、Tr日积分值均随pH值的降低而降低,WUE日均值变化趋势则相反。各处理Pn日积分值、Tr日积分值和WUE日均值均随试验时间的延长而降低。喷后60 d,pH 4.0的处理较pH 2.0和pH 3.0的处理WUE低而Pn日积分值和Tr日积分值则相反。综合分析表明,pH 5.0的酸雨处理有利于鸡爪槭叶片光合能力的发挥,酸度低于pH 3.0则会使光合能力下降,影响植株生长。     

退化喀斯特森林群落常见植物叶片光合作用变异特征

植物的光合生理特征既与自身遗传特性有关,也受外部环境条件的影响。为探讨退化喀斯特森林不同演替群落植物叶片光合参数的变异特征及其对环境变化的响应,以陈旗小流域内退化喀斯特森林群落中的4种常见植物为研究对象,分别对其叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)等气体交换参数进行了测定分析。结果表明,(1)研究区常见植物叶片的Pn(μmol·m~(-2)·s-1)、Tr(mmol·m~(-2)·s-1)、Gs(mol·m~(-2)·s-1)和Ci(μmol·mol~(-1))的平均值分别为9.95、2.71、0.22和269.88,水分利用效率(WUE,μmol·mmol~(-1))、羧化速率(CE,mol·m~(-2)·s-1)和气孔限制值(Ls)的平均值分别为5.04、37.57和0.33。(2)Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Ls、CE和WUE在不同演替阶段植物群落间均有显著差异(P0.05),其中,Pn、Gs、Ci以藤刺灌丛中的最大,Tr、CE、Ls以灌木林中的最大,而WUE则以乔木林中的最高。Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Ls、CE和WUE在乔木林群落外的同一演替阶段植物群落中均较稳定。(3)研究区常见植物叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs、CE以竹叶花椒最大,Ls、WUE以小叶鼠李(Rhamnusparvifolia)最大,Ci以小果蔷薇(Rosacymosa)最大。Pn、Tr、Gs和CE在不同种间均有显著差异(P0.05)。除小叶鼠李、小果蔷薇的Tr和WUE、火棘的Gs以外,其余植物叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Ls、CE和WUE在物种内均较稳定。(4)植物叶片Pn、CE在藤刺灌丛、灌木林、乔灌过渡林、乔木林中,Tr、Gs在藤刺灌丛、灌木林、乔灌过渡林中,Ci、Ls在藤刺灌丛、乔灌过渡林、乔木林中的种间差异均较显著(P0.05),而WUE仅在藤刺灌丛中的种间差异显著(P0.05)。(5)Pn与Tr、Gs、CE,Tr与Gs、CE,Gs与Ci、CE,Ls与WUE之间均具有显著正相关关系(P0.05),WUE与Tr、Ci、Pn,Ls与Gs之间均具有著负相关关系(P0.01),表明它们之间存在着一定的平行和依赖关系。(6)研究区常见植物叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Ls和CE受植物种和群落类型的交互影响均极显著(P0.01),其中,Pn、Tr、Gs、CE的变异受生境条件的影响更大。     

内生真菌Neotyphodium.typhinum感染对高羊茅光合特性的影响

采用便携式LI-6400光合测定仪,在晴朗的天气,对感染和未感染内生真菌Neotyphodium.typhinum高羊茅商品种植株成熟叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)进行田间测定.结果表明:感染内生真菌的高羊茅植株净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)、细胞间C02浓度(ci)、气孔导度(Gs)都高于非感染高羊茅植株,高温下光合性能和抵抗高温的能力都优于非感染高羊茅植株.这一结论为水资源短缺城市的绿化,干旱、半干旱地区及特殊立地条件地区的绿化提供了解决问题的新思路.     

水淹胁迫对桢楠幼树生长及光合生理特性的影响

以2.5 a生桢楠(Phoebe zhennan)幼树为材料,采用套盆水淹法,分别对桢楠幼树(每组5株)进行不同时段(0、7、14、21、28和35 d)的水淹胁迫处理,测定各处理桢楠幼树的生长及光合生理指标,探讨桢楠幼树生长及光合生理对水淹胁迫的响应,旨在为桢楠幼树的培育及其人工林科学的水分管理提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)水淹胁迫显著抑制桢楠幼树的生长,而地径增量先升后降,且不同水淹时间下株高净生长量分别比对照下降43.4%、59.2%、59.2%和80.8%,水淹35 d的植株全部死亡;(2)水淹胁迫改变了桢楠幼树叶绿体色素的含量和比值,随着水淹胁迫时间的延长,各处理叶绿素a(Chl a)含量分别比对照下降17.4%、22.0%、38.4%和52.3%,类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值表现为先升后降;(3)叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均随着胁迫时间的延长显著降低,胁迫28 d时其下降幅度分别为对照的89.6%、98.2%和98.7%;胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)则显著增加,其增加幅度达216.2%;(4)叶片最大净光合速率(Pn,max)和光饱和点(Lsp)显著下降,而光补偿点(Lcp)和CO_2补偿点(Ccp)显著上升,叶片净光合速率受到显著抑制。综上,水淹胁迫显著影响桢楠幼树叶片气体交换和光合速率,使其对光照和CO_2的利用能力降低,光合能力受到影响,表现出不耐水淹的生理生态特性,胁迫28 d时大部分植株萎焉濒临死亡,35 d时受胁迫植株全部死亡。     

干旱胁迫对香樟幼树生长及光合特性的影响

通过盆栽和持续干旱研究了干旱胁迫(以2 d为一个处理间隔,持续干旱0-16 d)对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)幼树生长及光合特性的影响.结果显示:(1)干旱胁迫下香樟幼树的地径、树高生长量受到了抑制.轻度、中度干旱处理(干旱时间2-8 d)叶片含水量和叶片相对含水量与对照差异均不显著,重度干旱处理(干旱时间10 d)下显著低于对照(P0.01);(2)干旱胁迫影响了香樟叶片光合作用的日变化进程,妨碍了其有机物质积累;(3)干旱胁迫下香樟叶片光合色素总量先升高后降低,在干旱第8天达到最高.所有干旱处理的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均受到不同程度的抑制.气孔因素和非气孔因素共同作用影响香樟幼树的光合作用,在干旱初期(干旱时间2-8 d)气孔因素起主导作用,干旱后期(干旱时间10 d)非气孔因素起主导作用;(4)干旱胁迫下香樟幼树叶片的表观量子效率(AQY)、RuBP羧化速率(CE)、光补偿点(LCP)、光饱和点(LSP)及CO2补偿点(CCP)均显著降低,表明干旱会降低香樟幼树对环境中光照和CO2的利用及适应能力.综上,干旱胁迫下香樟幼树的水分生理状况变差,光合能力及光合日变化进程受到影响,对环境中光照和CO2的利用及适应能力也明显降低,最终香樟幼树的形态生长受到抑制.图3表3参35     

酸雨胁迫下黑壳楠Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.幼苗在夏季和秋季的生理生态特性

浙江为酸雨危害严重地区之一,而植物在酸雨胁迫下的生长和生理变化情况可以衡量其对酸雨的耐受能力,亦可作为植被引种、经营和管理的参考依据.采用盆栽法,研究了在不同季节不同强度酸雨胁迫下黑壳楠Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.的生理生态特性,设置了3个酸雨处理:重度酸雨处理(pH2.5)、中度酸雨处理(pH4.0)和酸雨对照处理(pH5.6).研究结果表明:①酸雨、季节以及酸雨和季节的交互效应对黑壳楠的株高、地径和叶绿素相对含量没有显著影响.②黑壳楠的最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQE)、光补偿点(LCP)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)对酸雨胁迫敏感,而季节并未显著影响到植物的光合特性.③酸雨胁迫显著影响黑壳楠的气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE).季节对黑壳楠的蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)影响显著.酸雨和季节的交互效应极显著影响到植物的胞间CO2(Ci)浓度和蒸腾速率(Tr).研究表明夏季黑石楠受酸雨胁迫的影响比秋季严重.重度酸雨胁迫严重影响到黑壳楠的生理生长,在酸雨危害严重地区如浙江不适宜大量种植黑壳楠.     

川西亚高山森林优势种对CO2浓度倍增的光合生理响应

通过对川西亚高山森林优势种高山柳(Salix paraqplesia)、岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)和缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denudata)幼苗光合生理参数的测定,研究了它们净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)对大气CO2浓度倍增(720 μmol·mol-1)的响应.结果显示:CO2浓度倍增对3个物种的Pn有不同程度的促进作朋,高山柳、岷江冷杉和缺苞箭竹最大净光合速率分别提高30%,81%和68%,岷汀冷杉提高幅度最大.CO2浓度倍增与对照CO2浓度(360μmol·mol2)相比各物种Cond、Tr和WUE升降不一.反映出不同物种幼莆对CO2浓度倍增响应的复杂性.作为川西亚高山森林优势种,高山柳、岷江冷杉和缺苞箭竹对CO2浓度升高的不同响应势必影响其生长和未来物种间的竞争,进而影响群落的组成和物种的多样性,甚至可能引起群落演替发生变化.     

土壤含水量对三种阔叶树苗气体交换及生物量分配的影响

在温室内用盆栽法研究了土壤含水量对茶条槭、山梨和山桃的气体交换及生物量分配的影响,设置4种土壤水分处理(土壤相对含水量75．0％、61．1％、46．4％和35．4％)．结果表明：随土壤含水量降低，3树种苗木净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均下降，土壤含水量最低时，茶条槭苗木各生理指标降低幅度最大，山梨和山桃次之．茶条槭和山梨水分利用效率(WUE)随土壤含水量的减少呈降低趋势，山桃WUE呈升高趋势．水分胁迫下，3树种苗木根分配生物量显著增加．茶条槭在水分胁迫下，根冠比增加幅度最大，山梨次之，山桃最小．此外，茶条槭叶形态可塑性强，随土壤含水量降低，茶条槭单叶叶面积和总叶面积显著减小，叶厚度增加．山梨和山桃在水分胁迫下单叶叶面积及总叶面积无显著变化．综合3树种苗木在水分胁迫下的生理和形态指标及生物量分配的变化，茶条槭和山桃对水分胁迫的适应能力强于山梨．表4参31     

低温胁迫对6种珍贵树种苗木光合荧光特性的影响

以格木（Erythrophleum fordii）、降香黄檀（Dalbergia odorifera）、闽楠（Phoebe bournei）檀香（Santalum album）、铁刀木（Cassia siamea）和樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）6种珍贵树种苗木为研究对象,分析自然降温过程中苗木相对叶绿素含量、气体交换参数及叶绿素荧光参数等指标的变化,探讨低温胁迫对这6种苗木光合荧光特性的影响,并利用隶属函数法对6种珍贵树种耐寒能力进行了评价,以期了解这几种植物的抗寒能力差异及低温对其光合能力的影响,为扩大引种和栽培提供依据。结果表明,与对照相比,低温胁迫下6种珍贵树种苗木净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr）均有不同程度的下降,其中,格木、降香黄檀、闽楠、檀香、铁刀木净光合效率的下降很大程度上来源于非气孔因素抑制,而樟树净光合速率下降可能来源于气孔限制因素。闽楠、檀香和樟树水分利用效率（WUE）呈上升趋势,而格木与降香黄檀WUE均有不同程度的降低,表明闽楠、檀香和樟树能较好地协调碳同化和水分耗散。低温胁迫下6种珍贵树种Fm均有所下降,表明低温可对珍贵树种苗木叶片PSII反应中心的电子传递潜力产生明显的抑制,致使珍贵树种PSII的光能转换效率降低。降香黄檀、闽楠、檀香、铁刀木和樟树经历2次低温胁迫后qP呈现出持续下降的趋势,表明珍贵树种PSII反应中心的开放程度降低。在2次低温胁迫间格木、降香黄檀、闽楠和铁刀木qN差异不显著（p〉0.05）,表明珍贵树种具有过剩光能耗散机制,保护光合机构免受破坏。相关性分析结果表明,Pn与Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR和Fm存在极显著相关关系（p〈0.01）,表明Gs、Tr、Fv/Fm、qP、qN、ETR和Fm均可作为衡量植物光合能力的参数。隶属函数法分析结果表明,6种珍贵树种抗寒能力依次为格木〉樟树〉闽楠=檀香=铁刀木〉降香黄檀。总之,?     

Inorganic element uptake by barley from soil supplemented with flue-gas desulphurisation waste and fly-ash

Fresh snow and streamwater samples were collected on a daily basis throughout the winter and spring periods of 1984 and 1985 at a remote, upland catchment located within the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland. Laboratory based partial-melt experiments undertaken on the snow samples demonstrated that both fractionation and preferential elution of trace-elements occur during melting, with the concentrations being 1.3 to 5.4 times greater than in the first 10 percent meltwater fractions than in the bulk snow (Abrahamset al., in press). At the onset of snowpack melting, the ions may be mobilised and redistributed within the snow profile, concentrating at depths from where they may be quickly removed during the early spring run-offf. The raised major- (Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, NO3 and SO4) and trace-element (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Pb) concentrations recorded in the streamwaters during the acid-flush episodes at the time of the first major periods of snow-melt, reflect both the meltwater composition and the influence of the catchment soils (Abrahamset al., submitted for publication). Differences in streamwater chemistry during the two periods of snow-melt which were studies can probably be related to the fact that snow-melt occurs under a variety of circumstances with significant variations in the sequence of precipitation, melt-events, temperature and snowcover occurring from year to year, even in the same catchment. The high concentrations of Al (up to 330 g L^–1) in the sireamwaters at the time of snow-melt, probably reflect leaching of this element from the soil. These elevated concentrations, in combination with other streamwater parameters, may prove toxic to aquatic life-forms at this time of year.     

哈尔滨市降雪中溶解性有机物光谱特性分析

研究雨雪中的溶解性有机物(DOM)将有利于把握其理化性质及其在生态系统中的行为和功能.本研究运用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)技术结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)、紫外-可见光谱技术(UV-vis),对哈尔滨市2018年3月1日降雪样品中DOM的光谱特性及来源进行解析.结果表明,降雪样品中DOM的相对分子质量较大,芳香构造程度较高,C=C不饱和双键结构较多,腐殖化程度更高,结构更复杂,芳环上含氧官能团含量较少,有机质疏水性较强;EEMs结合PRAFAC解析出3种组分,分别为类腐殖质类物质(C₁和C₂)和类色氨酸(C₃),荧光特征参数(荧光指数FI、自生源指数BIX、腐殖化系数HIX_b和新鲜指数β∶α)表明,降雪样品中DOM受陆源和生物源同时作用,腐殖化程度较高且受到陆源影响严重,自生源组分较少,新生成的DOM比例较低.     

Factors driving mortality and growth at treeline: a 30-year experiment of 92 000 conifers

Understanding the interplay between environmental factors contributing to treeline formation and how these factors influence different life stages remains a major research challenge. We used an afforestation experiment including 92 000 trees to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of tree mortality and growth at treeline in the Swiss Alps. Seedlings of three high-elevation conifer species (Larix decidua, Pinus mugo ssp. uncinata, and Pinus cembra) were systematically planted along an altitudinal gradient at and above the current treeline (2075 to 2230 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) in 1975 and closely monitored during the following 30 years. We used decision-tree models and generalized additive models to identify patterns in mortality and growth along gradients in elevation, snow duration, wind speed, and solar radiation, and to quantify interactions between the different variables. For all three species, snowmelt date was always the most important environmental factor influencing mortality, and elevation was always the most important factor for growth over the entire period studied. Individuals of all species survived at the highest point of the afforestation for more than 30 years, although mortality was greater above 2160 m a.s.l., 50-100 m above the current treeline. Optimal conditions for height growth differed from those for survival in all three species: early snowmelt (ca. day of year 125-140 [where day 1 is 1 January]) yielded lowest mortality rates, but relatively later snowmelt (ca. day 145-150) yielded highest growth rates. Although snowmelt and elevation were important throughout all life stages of the trees, the importance of radiation decreased over time and that of wind speed increased. Our findings provide experimental evidence that tree survival and height growth require different environmental conditions and that even small changes in the duration of snow cover, in addition to changes in temperature, can strongly impact tree survival and growth patterns at treeline. Further, our results show that the relative importance of different environmental variables for tree seedlings changes during the juvenile phase as they grow taller.     

石家庄大叶黄杨叶片滞尘量及滞尘颗粒物的粒度

大叶黄杨强滞尘能力是城市近地面层环境中清除颗粒物污染的重要机制。以大气颗粒物污染严重的石家庄市为代表,选取石家庄裕华路北部市区为研究范围,对大叶黄杨叶片的滞尘效应及滞尘颗粒物粒度特征进行了研究。结果表明,在晴朗或多云微风天气条件下,30个取样点的大叶黄杨叶片平均滞尘量为0.356g/(m2.d),颗粒物的平均粒度值为1.91μm。大叶黄杨叶片滞尘量在石家庄市不同地区的差异排序为:北二环地区>体育大街与东二环地区>中华大街与西二环地区>西郊>东郊>火车站附近地区>博物馆周边地区。因此,石家庄市大气环境治理应针对不同地段的污染情况采取不同的治理方法。     

杭州市多环芳烃的干、湿沉降

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类典型的持久性有机物,在各种环境介质广泛存在。为了研究干湿沉降对空气中PAHs的去除,采集了杭州市6个干沉降尘土样品、9个湿沉降雨水样品、5个湿沉降雪样品和6个地表径流样品,用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定了其中15种多环芳烃的浓度水平,比较了这些介质中PAHs的分布特点。结果表明,降尘中15种PAHs的总平均质量分数为4323ng·g^-1;雨水、雪水和地表径流样品中15种PAHs的总平均质量浓度分别为558.4ng·L^-1、765.1ng·L^-1和576.3ng·L^-1。地表径流、雨水、雪水和干沉降尘土4种样品中,都以4环PAHs为主,其次为3环PAHs。降雪比降雨对PAHs的去除效果更好,地表径流中PAHs主要来自雨水。根据杭州市大气降尘通量和降雨量,估算了PAHs的干湿沉降通量。杭州市辖区大气中每年PAHs的干湿沉降通量分别为1419.1kg和2689.8kg,湿沉降是PAHs去除的主要方式,约为干沉降去除总量的2倍。     

Modeling outcomes of approaches to sustained human and snow leopard coexistence

The snow leopard (Uncia uncia) is in danger of extinction. Killing to protect livestock is among the primary causes of its decline. Efforts to mitigate this threat have focused on balancing the need to conserve the snow leopard with the needs of local people in snow leopard habitat, many of whom rely on raising livestock for their livelihoods. Conservation of the snow leopard has the characteristics of a public good, and outside funding is required to support conservation efforts. There are 5 commonly discussed approaches to resolving this issue: (1) direct payments for conservation, (2) investments in protection from predation, (3) damage compensation payments, (4) investments in better livestock husbandry, and (5) leases of pastureland for wild prey. After a review of these 5 conservation strategies, an economic–ecologic model, which includes the interactions between the snow leopard, its wild prey, and livestock, is used to evaluate the 2 most promising conservation strategies. The model reveals that investments in protection from predation and leases of pastureland for wild prey are effective but only in delaying the eventual extinction of the snow leopard. To preserve the snow leopard, these approaches must be applied more aggressively and new ones explored.     

Studies on seed germination and growth in weed species of rice field under salinity stress

An investigation was made to see the salt tolerance of 10 weed species of rice. Properly dried and treated seeds of weed species were placed on 9 cm diameter petridishes lined with Whatman No. 1 filter paper under 6 salinity regimes, viz. 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m(-1). The petri dishes were then kept in germinator at 25 +/- 1.0 degrees C and 12 hr light. The number of germinated seeds were recorded daily. The final germination percentage, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index, mean germination time and time for 50% germination were estimated. Root and shoot lengths of the weed seedlings were measured at 20 days after salt application and relative growth values were calculated. Results revealed that salinity decreased final germination percentage, seed of germination as measured by GI, and shoot and root length in all the species. Germination of most of the weed seeds was completely arrested (0) at 32 dS m(-1) salinity except in E. colona (12%) and C. iria (13.9%). The species C. iria, E. colona, J. linifolia and E. crusgalli showed better germination (above 30%) upto 24 dS m(-1) salinity level and were regarded as salt-tolerant weed species. J. linifolia, F. miliacea, L. chinensis and O. sativa L. (weedy rice) were graded as moderately tolerant and S. zeylanica, S. grosus and C. difformis were regarded as least tolerant weed species.     

典型城区与郊区环境两种灌木生理生化特性比较

选取北京城区与郊区典型样点,针对栽植多年的大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus）和小叶黄杨（Buxus sinica subsp.sinica var.parvifolia）成龄植株,分别于春、夏、秋3季取样测定叶片的各项生理生化指标,研究了城区与郊区环境下2种灌木的生理生化特性的差异。结果表明：生长前期（春季）城区车公庄2种灌木的叶绿素总量高于郊区植物园,经过一段时期之后低于植物园（夏秋）。Chlb的城郊变化幅度大于Chla。Chla的变化趋势与Chlb相反造成了Chla/b的大幅度变化。大叶黄杨的叶绿素总量和Chla/b比小叶黄杨受城区环境影响更大。城区环境下2种灌木自由水/束缚水降低,脯氨酸质量分数、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度升高,说明城区环境下2种灌木生理代谢水平降低,膜脂过氧化。城区环境下大叶黄杨的自由水/束缚水、脯氨酸质量分数的变化率较小叶黄杨高,2种灌木丙二醛的变化率相近。综合来看,城区环境下大叶黄杨的生理生化反应比小叶黄杨更敏感。     

雪冰中痕量高氯酸盐的在线富集方法

利用一维离子色谱建立了高氯酸盐的在线富集方法,以期为建立定量检测南极雪冰中痕量高氯酸盐的离子色谱-串联质谱法奠定基础.选用高容量、强亲水性的IonPac AS20阴离子交换柱进行分离,以淋洗液自动发生器在线产生的KOH作为淋洗液,等梯度淋洗.考虑到南极雪冰样品量十分有限,选定5 mL为富集体积,对应的富集时间为10 min.高氯酸盐质量浓度在0.5—50μg.L-1范围内,方法具有良好的线性（相关系数为0.9995）,检出限（以S/N=3计）为0.05μg.L-1.将浓度为0.5μg.L-1的标准溶液连续11次富集进样,所得峰面积的相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.7%.以人工配制的仅含有高氯酸盐的溶液实施了加标回收实验,回收率在85%—108%之间.