碳钢和低合金钢模拟加速试验与大气腐蚀试验的相关性

通过对碳钢和低合金钢的中性盐雾,酸性盐雾试验,并与万宁和江津试验站的大气腐蚀试验结果对比和分析,论述了模拟加速试验与大气腐蚀试验的相关性,确定了模拟加速试验的加速性和重现性。     

铝合金表面用导电屏蔽涂层耐介质腐蚀行为研究

通过研究不同尺寸及分布的银粉对涂层表面电阻的影响，确定了导电屏蔽涂料最佳配方，制备了一种高导电、耐腐蚀涂层。采用SEM、EDS、四探针电阻测试仪等分析涂层在空气、水、盐水、中性盐雾、酸性盐雾中表面形貌及性能变化，从而揭示涂层腐蚀行为。结果表明：经历500 h试验后，涂层在空气中几乎没有发生变化，但是在含水等电解质的环境中腐蚀迅速，并且腐蚀速率具有纯水<水汽<盐水<中性盐雾<酸性盐雾的特征。腐蚀的主要原因是由于基材Al与涂层形成了电偶腐蚀，腐蚀初期表现为起泡，随着腐蚀的加剧，涂层表面布满白色、黄色、褐色的疏松腐蚀产物且漆膜出现脱落，当腐蚀进一步加剧扩大，疏松产物转变为较为致密的产物附着于涂层表面，此外，涂层导电性能会随着腐蚀程度的变化出现不同等级的下降。     

中性盐雾试验的分析与研究

本文结合实际工作经验,对盐雾腐蚀的成因和中性盐雾试验做了简要的分析,并探讨了中性盐雾试验中溶液配制、试验条件、影响试验的因素、试验的判定方法等内容。目的是为了提高相关从业人员对中性盐雾试验的认识。     

汽车用钢板盐雾试验中的腐蚀行为探讨及优化

介绍了汽车用钢板常见的盐雾试验种类及原理，以G公司过往盐雾试验结果为例，分析阐述了镀锌板和冷轧板在不同盐雾环境下的腐蚀行为差异，并对当前腐蚀评价方法存在的课题进行探讨和优化。为了提高盐雾试验可靠性和稳定性，提出相关优化方案：(1)镀锌板腐蚀验证建议采用CCT循环盐雾试验，冷轧板腐蚀验证建议以SST中性盐雾试验为主，CCT循环盐雾试验为辅进行开展；(2)盐雾试验表面划线建议采用标准刀具+划线器的方式进行划线。     

盐雾腐蚀及其试验中需要注意的几个问题分析

本文介绍了产品进行盐雾腐蚀试验的必要性,对中性盐雾试验、醋酸盐雾试验、铜盐加速醋酸盐雾试验、交变盐雾试验分别进行了描述。重点介绍了盐雾试验中需要注意的几个问题:试样预处理、试样的放置、盐溶液pH值及试验温度,并探讨了一些对应的预防措施。     

有色金属—铝及其合金,钛及其合金在广州地区大气腐蚀六年试验

本文主要介绍铝及其合金、钦及其合金16组常用金属材料在广州地区大气暴露六年腐蚀试验结果,可供机电仪产品设计人员和金属腐蚀与防护有关工作人员参考。     

两种塑料电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能研究

通过塑料电镀黑铬件、塑料电镀白铬件在铜加速乙酸盐雾试验及整车强化腐蚀试验中的腐蚀表征,对比两种塑料电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能的差异;通过铜加速乙酸盐雾试验、整车强化腐蚀试验对两种电镀工艺的耐腐蚀性能进行分析,结果表明黑铬工艺的耐腐蚀性能弱于白铬电镀工艺,并通过SEM分析对其耐腐蚀性能的差异进行机理分析。     

变电站金属构件污染环境下腐蚀行为研究

本文主要对湿热沿海变电站金属构件在污染介质中腐蚀行为进行分析。通过中性盐雾试验、湿热试验、硬度试验、耐磨试验等实验室评价技术,考察金属构件防护措施效果。在湿热地区电厂进行金属自然暴露试验,评定区域环境条件腐蚀等级。     

文摘

《铜合金在盐雾环境中的异常腐蚀及其加速试验方法的研究》——《日本第32次腐蚀防蚀讨论会预稿集》1985,495～498(日文):探讨了汽车散热器用铜合金在盐雾环境中的异常腐蚀及其如速试验方法。引起汽车散热器风扇腐蚀的环境条件可分为海洋型和融雪型两大类。海洋型环境条件导致的腐蚀速度比融雪型要高到3～5倍,而且往往出现贯穿型腐蚀。作为人工加速试验法,建议采用盐水喷雾及加湿的复合周期进行试验。盐雾导致的腐蚀产生的中间性反应物CuCl被认为呈粒状Cu_2O水解的产物。     

大气降水对金属材料环境适应性能影响研究

考察了大气降水环境下(酸雨)对镀锌钢丝的环境适应性能的影响。结果表明,随着盐雾腐蚀时间的延长,钢丝表面腐蚀深度逐渐增加,盐雾腐蚀时间的延长会使得腐蚀更加严重;盐雾腐蚀时间为40天前表示表面镀锌层发生腐蚀的阶段,而盐雾腐蚀时间超过40天时则为钢丝基体的腐蚀;镀锌层的腐蚀速率要高于钢丝基体。随着腐蚀时间从10天延长至120天,钢丝表面腐蚀坑深度呈现逐渐增加的趋势;镀锌钢丝的点蚀与腐蚀时间的预测模型为:■,■。     

鲫鱼对铜和锌的吸收蓄积研究

用原子吸收分光光度法研究铜和锌在鲫鱼体内积累行为，结果表明，溶解态和颗粒态铜和锌在鱼鳃、肌肉中的积累量随其浓度的增加而增加。铜和锌积累能力的大小顺序为锌〉铜。鱼鳃和肌肉对溶解态和颗粒态重金属的积累能力为鱼鳃大于肌肉，蓄积曲线表现为逐渐趋向平缓的形式。颗粒态鱼鳃积累尤其大于肌肉，说明鱼在对颗粒态铜和锌的积累过程中，部分颗粒态金属是吸附在鱼鳃上的。由于生理功能不同，鲫鱼对锌需要量比铜多。     

低品位氧化锌矿的碱法浸出研究进展

随着世界对锌的需求量的增加,碱法浸出低品位氧化锌矿因其显著的优点（浸出率达90%以上、环境污染小等）而成为国内外研究的热点。本文主要介绍了低品位氧化锌矿氢氧化钠浸出体系的动力学和热力学过程,氨浸体系中氯铵、碳铵、硫氨浸出的国内外各研究单位的最近研究成果,并对碱浸过程中矿石活化、闪锌矿难溶解两类问题进行了讨论。     

养猪舍不同发酵床垫料重金属Zn累积特征初探

为了研究养猪舍不同发酵床垫料及发酵床底部表层土壤中重金属Zn的累积特征与活性大小,以节约经济成本和适宜猪生长发育为前提选取3种发酵床垫料组合：FJ（40%稻壳＋60%菌糠）、FD（40%稻壳＋60%锯木屑）、FW（40%稻壳＋60%酒糟）,采用物质流分析（MFA）和潜在生态危害评价的方法进行研究。结果表明,一个在养猪周期过后,重金属Zn在垫料FD中累积量较大;而不同垫料对Zn活性大小的影响不同,FD中有效态Zn活性显著高于其他2种,所占比例高达25.01%,其次是FJ＆gt;FW（P＆lt;0.05）;表层土壤中,有效态Zn活性高低差异不显著（P＆gt;0.05）。所选取的3种垫料中,尽管Zn在FJ中累积量最小,渗漏到土壤中的全量Zn与有效态活性与其他2种垫料无明显差异,然而其潜在生态风险最小,因此从控制Zn污染角度出发,该配比垫料优于FD与FW。经过潜在生态危害评价分析,3种垫料在养殖结束后其潜在生态危害均未超过轻微生态危害临界值（Eir≤40）,在不断补充垫料的前提下发酵床可以使用约10年。     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide using impregnated activated carbon promoted by Zinc

The effect of impregnation of activated carbon with Cr₂O and Fe₂O₃ and promotion by Zn²⁺ on its adsorptive properties of carbon dioxide was studied using a volumetric adsorption apparatus at ambient temperature and low pressures. Slurry and solution impregnation methods were used to compare CO₂ capture capacity of the impregnated activated carbon promoted by Zinc. The obtained adsorption isotherms showed that amount of CO₂ adsorbed on the samples impregnated by Cr₂O was increased about 20% in compare to raw activated carbon. The results also showed that Fe₂O₃ was not an effective impregnating species for activated carbon modification. Moreover slurry impregnation method showed higher CO₂ adsorption capacity in comparison with solution impregnation method. Samples prepared by co-impregnation of two metal species showed more adsorption capacity than samples impregnated by just one metal species individually. Washing the impregnated samples by metal oxide resulted in 15% increase in CO₂ adsorption capacities of activated carbons which can be attributed to the metal oxides removal covering the adsorption surface. Decreasing impregnation temperature from 95 to 25 °C in solution method showed a significant increase in CO₂ adsorption capacity. Sips equation was found a suitable model fitting to the adsorption data in the range studied.     

The International Lead and Zinc Study Group and the metals market

The International Lead and Zinc Study Group was founded by the United Nations in 1959. There are 32 member countries which together cover over 90% of world production and consumption of total lead and zinc. The Study Group, inter alia provides opportunities for consultation on lead and zinc, provides information regarding supply and demand, collects and disseminates statistics, studies different aspects of the world situation in lead and zinc and considers possible solutions to any special problems. This paper presents excerpts of the activities of the International Lead and Zinc Study Group in each of the above areas.     

Zinc distribution in soils amended with different kinds of sewage sludge

Sewage sludge (SS) can be applied to cropland to supply and recycle nutrients and organic carbon. Potentially toxic elements in the sludge, however, are of environmental concern. This study evaluates the changes in chemical speciation of Zn in three representative pristine soils of the Pampas Region, Argentina, measured with sequential extraction over a one-year period. Pure SS or SS containing 30% (DM) of its own incineration ash (AS) was applied to the soils at an application rate of 150Mgha(-1). Zn was sequentially fractionated into exchangeable, organically bound, inorganic and residual fractions. The application of the SS and AS amendments significantly increased Zn concentration in all soil fractions at each sampling date. At day 1, Zn was mainly found in the residual fraction. A year after the application of the amendments, redistribution towards the inorganic fraction was observed (41-76% of total Zn content). Zn found in exchangeable and inorganic fractions depended on soil pH rather than on the type of soil used. A negative and significant correlation was found between exchangeable Zn concentrations and soil pH (r=0.94), and a positive and significant correlation between inorganic Zn concentrations and soil pH (r=0.92). For each amended soil and sampling date, no significant differences were observed between SS or AS treatments for the exchangeable fraction. Moreover, the use of AS did not cause significant differences in Zn concentration in the other soil fractions compared to SS. Based on these results, land spreading of AS may be similar to SS diaposal in terms of Zn mobility.     

Zinc processing in the USA : An analysis of a declining industry

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the recent behaviour of the US zinc processing industry and the impact of US government policies on it. The first section of the paper is a discussion on the basic structure and conditions of the US zinc processing industry since 1950 and how they have changed. The discussion contains a general presentation of the US zinc market, a detailed look at the behaviour of individual primary zinc processing plants in the USA, Canada, Japan and Western Europe and an analysis of US government policies and their impacts on the US zinc industry. The second section of the paper is a discussion of the factors that have contributed to the decline in US zinc processing capacity and the type of government policy that should be followed in response.     

我国铅锌矿产资源及其生产和消费预测

本文论述了我国铅锌矿产资源储量、分布特点和消费现状,并预测了我国铅锌金属的需求量．