惠州:全市禁燃高污染燃料

正全市范围纳入高污染燃料禁燃区,逾期继续燃用高污染燃料的或处最高罚款20万元。2018年1月12日起,全市范围内禁止新建、扩建20蒸吨/小时以下(不含)的燃煤锅炉。……1月12日,惠州市政府发布并实施《关于重新划定惠州市高污染燃料禁燃区的通告》(以下简称《通告》),扩大高污染燃料禁燃区,不断提升环境空气质量,持续擦亮"惠州蓝"品牌。高污染燃料禁燃区不断扩大根据国家和省的工作安排,结合大气污染防治工作需要,惠州市分别于2010年7月2日、2012年11月20及2015年10月31日三次发布     

生物质颗粒层燃工业锅炉节能减排技术分析与测试研究

生物质颗粒层燃工业锅炉的节能减排技术主要取决于生物质颗粒燃料特性、锅炉系统和燃烧技术。介绍了生物质颗粒燃料特性、生物质颗粒层燃锅炉和燃烧技术特点,并结合一台DZW6-1.25型生物质颗粒层燃锅炉能效测试说明生物质颗粒层燃技术在工业锅炉应用的高效低污染燃烧的节能环保技术优点。     

江门:大限已到,全面禁燃

正2017年12月,江门市人民政府发布了《关于扩大江门市区高污染燃料禁燃区的通告》(以下简称《通告》)。《通告》要求"蓬江区、江海区、新会区会城街道全行政区域划定为高污染燃料禁燃区(以下简称‘禁燃区’)""已建成燃用高污染燃料的各类设施(新增禁燃区范围内单台出力65蒸吨/小时以上的高污染燃料锅炉除外)在2018年3月底前依法予以拆除或者改造,改用天然气、页岩气、液化石油气、电或者其他清洁能源"。     

锅炉使用不同类型燃料的运行费用及环境影响比较分析

本文对燃煤锅炉、燃生物质锅炉、燃油锅炉以及燃气锅炉在能源消耗、燃料费用及环保要求方面进行了比较分析,得出燃煤锅炉燃料费用最低,燃油(液化石油气)锅炉燃料费用最高;天然气从燃料价格和环保角度分析比较经济,长远来看是经济又环保的锅炉燃料。     

运用生物质能直燃技术对燃煤锅炉改造的可行性方案

本文主要分析了稻壳的作为生物燃料的特点及运用稻壳作为燃料的政策依据.详细闸述了运用生物质能直燃技术对燃煤锅炉改造的领先的技术水平,锅炉改造方案,生产流程,项目完成后达到的经济及环保效益.同时,也详细闸述了可能遇到的风险.结论:以实际运行来看,该项目在锅炉改造,发电等方面有重大的推广价值.     

燃用褐煤锅炉的电除尘器选型设计特点

本文分析了发展燃用褐煤锅炉机组的战略意义,介绍了燃烧褐煤锅炉的烟尘特性,阐述针对这些烟尘特性对电除尘器性能影响和设计.总结燃用褐煤电除尘器的特点,为燃用褐煤锅炉的电除尘器设计和项目科研、环评时提供参考.     

汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料的试验研究

对摩托车汽油机进行了燃用乙醇 汽油混合燃料的试验,并与燃用汽油时的结果进行了对比分析.结果显示,汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料,当混合燃料中乙醇比例为10%和15%时,即使发动机的结构不变、燃油系统和点火系统不作任何调整的时候,发动机的全负荷输出不受影响,发动机的能耗率得到改善,HC和CO排放有所降低,但是NOx排放会有显著增加.     

锅炉使用不能再“任性”

正燃煤锅炉不得直接燃用高硫高灰分的原煤;2016年底前,一般控制区各市要将城市建成区全部划为高污染燃料禁燃区,并淘汰禁燃区内75%的燃用高污染燃料锅炉……2月22日,广东省环境保护厅、广东省发展和改革委员会、广东省经济和信息化委员会、广东省质量技术监督局联合印发《广东省     

浅析燃木屑锅炉的消烟除尘改造

通过对燃木屑锅炉消烟除尘的改造 ,得出对于不同燃料结构的锅炉所采用的消烟除尘方法也应随烟尘的性质改变而改变的结论。在传统的燃煤锅炉单筒花岗岩水膜除尘器中心加装竖式喷淋管增加三级倒扣盆状水膜能解决密度小、颗粒细的木屑烟尘净化难题。     

飞灰回燃在电站锅炉中的应用

针对兴澄钢铁有限公司电站锅炉存在的问 题，简介飞灰回燃技术。探讨飞灰回燃在电站锅炉中应 用的必要性、应用情况、可行性。     

浅述中国森林植被保护与可持续发展

人类为了满足生活和生产的需求,对森林资源的过度索取,已造成森林植被的毁坏及生态系统的自动调节能力的破坏,引起了生态失调甚至造成生态系统崩溃.森林植被破坏对人类社会发展造成了气候异常、温室效应等恶果.为此提倡中国的森林植被保护与可持续发展要从法制和管理方面入手,达到改善生态环境和森林资源持续发展及利用的目的.     

A Framework and Key Questions for Adapting to Climate Variability and Change

There is a critical need to collectively understand, to develop adaptation options to enhance the benefits, and to reduce the social and economic vulnerabilities induced by climate variability and change. This paper uses key questions to help build a framework for adaptation by first organizing the questions into adaptation science, management and option components, including their respective sub-categories. The process of adaptation depends on many factors, including who or what adapts, what they adapt to, how they adapt and what and how resources are used. This conceptual model is designed to organize concepts regarding adaptation, to help stimulate ideas, and to explore the linkages among parts of the adaptation cycle. Predictive models need to be developed to determine the outcomes of planned adaptation strategies. For the best and most realistic evaluation of climate problems, adaptation and impacts should be considered together. This joint approach improves the assessment of the significance and dangers of the current and future climate, as well as the determination of solutions (e.g., how to prepare for a changing climate) and their priorities. Challenges of adaptive management are discussed in terms of a framework with linkages to adaptation science and options. Adaptation research and applications work continue to build on the foundation of science and management frameworks to address the risks and uncertainties in the decision-making process and to identify adaptation options.     

空气环境污染对户外体育运动人群影响研究

空气污染对户外体育运动人群的身体健康有显著的影响,空气中的污染物质比如固体颗粒物、硫化氢、一氧化碳、臭氧、粉尘和酸雾、气溶胶等都会对人体产生巨大的危害,导致各种呼吸系统以及肺功能疾病,甚至引发癌症,为了保护户外体育运动人群的健康,研究空气环境污染的成分以及来源,分析空气环境污染的防治措施等。具体分析空气污染物质对户外体育运动人群的危害性因素,并采取针对性的措施预防空气污染对人体带来的损害,确保体育运动人群的身体健康。     

Adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia and South Africa: options and constraints

Climate change is expected to adversely affect agricultural production in Africa. Because agricultural production remains the main source of income for most rural communities in the region, adaptation of the agricultural sector is imperative to protect the livelihoods of the poor and to ensure food security. A better understanding of farmers’ perceptions of climate change, ongoing adaptation measures, and the decision-making process is important to inform policies aimed at promoting successful adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector. Using data from a survey of 1800 farm households in South Africa and Ethiopia, this study presents the adaptation strategies used by farmers in both countries and analyzes the factors influencing the decision to adapt. We find that the most common adaptation strategies include: use of different crops or crop varieties, planting trees, soil conservation, changing planting dates, and irrigation. However, despite having perceived changes in temperature and rainfall, a large percentage of farmers did not make any adjustments to their farming practices. The main barriers to adaptation cited by farmers were lack of access to credit in South Africa and lack of access to land, information, and credit in Ethiopia. A probit model is used to examine the factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt to perceived climate changes. Factors influencing farmers’ decision to adapt include wealth, and access to extension, credit, and climate information in Ethiopia; and wealth, government farm support, and access to fertile land and credit in South Africa. Using a pooled dataset, an analysis of the factors affecting the decision to adapt to perceived climate change across both countries reveals that farmers were more likely to adapt if they had access to extension, credit, and land. Food aid, extension services, and information on climate change were found to facilitate adaptation among the poorest farmers. We conclude that policy-makers must create an enabling environment to support adaptation by increasing access to information, credit and markets, and make a particular effort to reach small-scale subsistence farmers, with limited resources to confront climate change.     

Partitioning of resources in production: an empirical analysis

Industrial economies ingest materials, energy and information to produce goods and services and excrete wastes and emissions. Wastes can be minimized and the relative amounts of resources, which go into goods and services, as opposed to waste, are essential to clean production and to the sustainability of the production system. A regression model based on empirical data is presented that provides a partition coefficient expressing the ratio of energy (or material) resources invested in goods to energy going to waste. Partition coefficients are developed for five countries and are shown to be related to GDP, energy and material consumption and energy and waste intensities. Higher partition coefficients mean higher productivity and lower energy, waste and material intensities. In addition, energy use/capita and pollution/capita is lower. The price of energy to the industrial sector is related to the partition coefficient. The policy implications are that partitioning of resources to goods should be maximized and waste minimized for economic as well as environmental reasons.     

Climate change and the growth of the livestock sector in developing countries

Livestock production systems will inevitably be affected as a result of changes in climate and climate variability, with impacts on peoples’ livelihoods. At the same time, livestock food chains are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture and livestock in particular will need to play a greater role than they have hitherto in reducing emissions in the future. Adaptation and mitigation may require significant changes in production technology and farming systems, which could affect productivity. Given what is currently known about the likely impacts on livestock systems, however, the costs of mitigating and adapting to climate change in the aggregate may not represent an enormous constraint to the growth of the global livestock sector, in its bid to meet increasing demand for livestock products. Different livestock systems have different capacities to adapt or to take on board the policy and regulatory changes that may be required in the future. Vulnerability of households dependent on livestock, particularly in the drier areas of developing countries, is likely to increase substantially, with concomitant impacts on poverty and inequity. The capacity of these systems to adapt and to yield up their carbon sequestration potential deserves considerable further study. Comprehensive frameworks need to be developed to assess impacts and trade-offs, in order to identify and target adaptation and mitigation options that are appropriate for specific contexts, and that can contribute to environmental sustainability as well as to poverty alleviation and economic development.     

Lessons from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on inclusiveness across geographies and stakeholders

There have been many calls in policy and academia for more inclusiveness in science-policy interfaces, but there is as yet insufficient clarity as to what such inclusiveness means and how to achieve it in the context of international organisations. This paper analyses how inclusive the IPCC is across geographies and stakeholders. Building on the distinction between access and active participation, it examines the involvement of developing countries and NGOs in the Panel’s assessment process.The analysis shows that more inclusive institutional set-ups in international science-policy organisations do not automatically lead to greater credibility, salience and legitimacy of knowledge production processes (Mitchell et al., 2006). For instance, inclusive access does not per se guarantee active participation as the latter depends on a variety of factors including resources and the capacity of actors to engage. Furthermore, in institutional contexts the idea of inclusiveness is necessarily subject to operational interpretations. How these interpretations relate to the representativeness of those who participate in the process affects the relevance of knowledge to its users’ needs. Finally, there are political elements to inclusiveness as more powerful actors may be unwilling to renegotiate the balance of power to expand access to stakeholders.The paper concludes that these nuances should be taken into account in the IPCC and other international science-policy institutions. It also urges the Panel to address the developing country participation gap and explore institutional avenues for expanding access to non-state stakeholders in order to increase the credibility, salience and legitimacy of its processes and shift to solutions-oriented assessments.     

突发性环境污染事故的分类特征及处置措施——以保定市两起危及环境安全事故为例

环境污染事故具有时间上的突发性、形式不确定性、危害的严重性和处理处置的艰巨性.发生在河北省保定市境内的两起危及水环境安全的事故具有典型性和代表性.事故发生后通过采取一系列相应的应急措施,有效地控制了大规模的环境污染;如何防止和应对突发环境污染事故,维护环境安全,已成为环境保护工作的重大新课题.面对环境安全事故及跨流域、跨区域环境污染事故的频繁发生,应从排查污染隐患、建立完善的环境应急响应体系、加强环境应急基础设施建设等方面入手,减少事故的发生,减轻对环境的危害.     

环境监测信息网络建设的探讨

随着信息社会的高速发展,计算机网络技术已经广泛地应用于社会各个领域,极大地提高了生产生活效率,为适应这一发展,提高环境监测在环境管理中的作用,环境监测信息网络建设就必须加快步伐,提高环境监测的相应速度,提高环境监测数据质量,加强环境监测数据及相关信息的应用,这是时代发展和环境管理日趋完善的必然要求,也是实现环境监测规范化的具体要求。在认识这种要求的同时,还必须认知目前环境监测信息网络建设中存在的差距与不足,还必须理顺环境监测信息网络建设和发展的思路,建立健全一系列环境监测信息网络建设、管理、保障措施,确保环境监测产品的利用最大化,为环境保护管理提供及时、科学的信息支持和保障。     

N和P对东海中北部浮游植物的影响研究

调查海域浮游植物种类丰富,海水富营养化趋势明显.采用通径方法分析2001～2003年春夏季数据,在众多环境因子中,N、P含量及其组成与浮游植物关系最为密切,是影响浮游植物的数量和种类组成变化的首要因子.硅藻和甲藻对各种N的利用能力不同,是硅藻在调查海域占据绝对优势的重要原因;在同一季节中,硅藻和甲藻利用不同层次的氮盐,减少了两者间的竞争压力.高NO3-N/TIP对某些种类具有抑制作用,对甲藻而言,这种抑制作用更为明显.NO3-N/TIP在10～20、NH4-N/TIP或NO2-N/TIP小于1时,浮游植物的多样性最为丰富.NO2-N/TIP对硅藻的种类数变化几乎没有影响,而与甲藻的种类数成正相关.