油田作业现场事故发生的心理原因和心理干预对策研究

油田作业安全事故的发生与人心理行为有很大关系,了解油田作业现场人员违章的心理原因并制定有针对性的干预对策,是油田安全管理研究的重要任务。通过对辽河油田兴隆台工程技术处油田作业现场64起真实有效事故进行回顾和原因分析,认为员工的不安全心理是油田作业现场造成事故最主要原因。总结出事故发生原因,分析其中人的员工不安全心理对事故发生的影响,提出对员工不安全心理的预防措施,提高作业工人安全心理水平来保障行为安全,才能有效防止大多数事故的发生。通过提出相对应的心理干预措施,把员工安全心理行为训练、员工安全心理团体辅导与讲座和个体心理咨询有机结合,落实安全心理行为管理措施,不断改进心理干预手段,尤其是心理干预采用综合手段,可以取得较好的干预效果,对油田作业现场事故的预防和生产安全有序的运行起到积极的作用。     

油田服务企业安全文化建设路径探索

石油天然气勘探开发过程中,油田服务企业提供着几乎所有的工程技术服务,包括地球物理勘探、钻井、测井、井下作业、测试等,承担着巨大的作业安全风险。为减少人员伤害、财产损失和环境污染,每一家油田服务企业都建立了完善的安全管理体系。本文介绍了油田服务企业安全文化建设的思路和方法,希望能为油田服务企业提供参考和借鉴。     

油田储罐安全技术分析

为了深入探究油田储罐安全技术的应用效果,通过分析油田储罐建设中存在的问题,阐述油田储罐的安全技术,有利于提升油田储罐安全技术的应用水平。石油开采加工过程中,油田储罐是十分重要的一个环节,且属于易燃易爆的危险场所,做好各项安全防护措施至关重要。     

培育安全文化从班组入手

中石油西部钻探测井公司（以下简称测井公司）主营油田勘探开发、测井、测试、射孔、测井资料解释评价和测井技术实验研究,施工作业区域遍及天山南北及国外测井市场,作业时间不固定,作业场所高度分散,危险品使用频繁,因此,保障安全生产任务重。     

稠油热采高风险作业现场安全管理研究与实践

稠油热采作业是海上平台一项高风险作业,南堡油田是多元热流体吞吐稠油热采作业的实验基地,通过几年的现场实践和持续改进,形成了热采等高风险作业系统的安全管理方法.在人员管理方面实行个体差异化管理,人员编制上采取定编定岗制度,根据工作态度实行刚性和弹性管理.以体系为基础,细化安全工具,推出区域承包责任制、五分钟示范教育、安全协管员、作业许可证双签、四定原则和过程风险控制等一系列有效措施.通过制约因素分析、细化工作界面、关键参数跟踪、阶段性纠偏总结会等提高质量管理.该套风险控制方法确保了八井次热采以及其他多项高风险作业的安全顺利进行,并被固化下来组成了油田的安全文化.     

油田酸化作业井硫化氢防治措施探讨

硫化氢是一种无色、剧毒气体,属于一级危害物质,在安塞油田酸化作业中,部分井产生硫化氢。为保证酸化时现场作业人员的安全,本文介绍了安塞油田酸化作业过程中H2S气体的产生机理,并从化学角度分析H2S气体防治措施,为降低酸化作业安全风险提供技术保障。     

树立“本质安全”理念，推进安全文化建设

4年来，运输段在安全精神文化、制度文化和物质文化建设方面，取得了较好的成效。那么，今后如何推进安全文化建设工作呢？笔者认为笔者应在巩固、发展已取得成绩的基础上，进行“本质安全”理念建设，是进一步深入推进安全文化建设的关键之一。所谓“本质安全”就是：过去人们普遍认为，铁路行业发生事故是必然的，不发生事故是偶然的。但是，如果从业人员在工作中处处按照标准、规程作业，把事故发生率降到很低很低，甚至实现零事故，那么工作中发生事故就是偶然的，而不发生事故是必然的。[编者按]     

谈谈汽修班组安全文化建设

假如安全文化是宝钢文化的重要组成部分。那么班组安全文化就是宝钢安全文化的“细胞”。汽修班组是宝钢南通钢铁有限公司（简称宝通）从事生产经营活动的最基本单位之一,是宝通组织结构的一块基石。一个班组在工作中违章作业发生了事故,会影响到作业区、部门,甚至公司、集团公司的安全生产。因此,要贯彻“安全第一,预防为主”的安全方针,保障整个企业的安全,加强汽修班组安全文化建设就显得极为重要。     

油田班组安全文化建设评价指标体系研究

为推动油田班组安全文化建设的持续改进,需要建立科学合理的评价体系,来评价油田的班组安全文化建设现状。针对油田班组安全文化建设的评价指标体系研究有待进一步深化并与现场实际相结合、验证。本文分析了油田班组安全文化建设的结构层次关系,以SMART准则为依据,结合行业标准,采用对初选指标逐阶分层的方法逐步重构出针对油田班组安全文化建设的评价指标体系,并进一步进行了效度、信度、相关性检验,验证其指标体系的有效性。最后将评价指标体系应用于华北油田第一采油厂的班组安全文化建设评价实践,有效区分出不同班组的安全文化水平,证明了该指标体系的有效性和科学性。     

油库建设中的安全隐患治理

油库建设因施工相对集中,具有涉及到的施工单位多、交叉作业多、高风险作业多等特点,为确保项目建设的安全,公司在油库项目建设中通过采取有效的安全隐患治理措施,最终实现了393万安全人工时,保持了良好的安全业绩。     

石化企业安全文化建设

随着国企改制的不断深化,安全管理显现出许多薄弱环节,尤其是在能源勘探开发过程中发生的重特大事故,不断给安全生产发出了黄牌警告.近年来,多种因素导致员工"三违",造成恶性事故不断,其原因是由于企业缺乏安全文化氛围和员工缺乏必要的自我安全保护意识,盲目蛮干导致事故高发.因此,加强企业安全文化建设是提高全员安全意识的一种行之有效的方法,并可以进一步促进和提高员工的自我安全保护意识和安全技术素质.本文阐述了企业安全文化建设在新形势下的重要意义,并针对石化企业开展安全文化建设提出几点建议.     

The Relationship Between Workers’ Safety Culture and Accidents,Near Accidents and Health Problems

One of the dimensions treated as part of a company’s safety culture or climate is workers’ attitudes towards risk and safety. In the present study these personal aspects are defined as workers’ safety culture, which is understood as a way of acting focused on life and taking care of one’s health. A questionnaire on safety culture was filled out by 200 employees of a metallurgical enterprise. Factor analysis was used to determine empirical scales of the questionnaire, whereas variance analysis was used to test hypotheses. The results confirmed the hypotheses that people who experienced accidents, dangerous situations, and—to a lesser extent—health problems had a lower level of safety culture. Nevertheless not all of the scales determined during factor analysis turned out to be significant as far as all kinds of those undesirable situations are concerned. Proposals for future studies are formulated in the conclusion.     

The nature of safety culture: A survey of the state-of-the-art

This paper reviews the literature on safety culture, placing particular focus on research undertaken from 1998 onwards. The term culture is clarified as it is typically applied to organizations, to safety, and particularly to construction safety. Some clarification in terms of positive safety culture, safety culture models, levels of aggregation and safety performance is provided by presenting appropriate empirical evidence and its theoretical developments. In general, safety culture is thought to influence employees’ attitudes and behavior in relation to an organization’s ongoing health and safety performance. Implications for future research in the area are addressed, as in recent years safety culture has become the focus of much attention in all industries, including the construction industry.     

Managing safety in hydropower projects in emerging markets – Experiences in developing from a reactive to a proactive approach

International companies investing in emerging markets need to address the management of safety under varying conditions. The paper presents an evaluation of the approaches taken by an international hydropower company in two different construction projects, one in India and one in the Philippines. In the first project, the company had to intervene as a reaction to poor safety and overall performance. Based on previous experiences, the company selected a proactive approach in the second project, involving use of the contracting process to ensure adequate conditions from the start of construction and onwards. The paper accounts for the safety performance results in the two projects and interprets them in relationship to external and internal influencing factors in the respective project. It is concluded that a proactive approach has the potential of delivering satisfactory safety results at moderate costs for follow-up. A reactive approach risks exposing the company to ethical and reputation risks due to a poor safety performance before the corrective actions have taken full effect. It is also resource demanding. Results demonstrate the feasibility of turning around a project’s safety performance also when preconditions are challenging.     

National culture and safe work behaviour of construction workers in Pakistan

It is widely accepted that unsafe behaviour is intrinsically linked to workplace accidents. A positive correlation exists between workers’ safe behaviour and safety climate on construction sites. Construction workers’ attitude towards safety is influenced by their perception of risk, management, safety rules and procedures. Pakistan, a developing country, is currently experiencing a strong growth in its construction activities. Unfortunately, the enforcement of safety regulations in Pakistan is not widespread. Indeed, some relevant regulations are both outdated and irrelevant to daily construction operations. This paper investigates local construction workers’ behaviour, perception and attitude toward safety, and attempts to link the research findings to the influence of national culture. A three-part interview-based questionnaire survey has identified that the majority of workers have a good degree of risk awareness and self-rated competence. Additionally, workers’ intentional behaviour was empirically explained by their attitudes towards their own and management’s safety responsibilities, as well as their perception of the risk they are generally exposed to in their workplace. The paper also reveals that workers operating in a more collective and higher uncertainty avoidance environment, are more likely to have safety awareness and beliefs, which can exhibit safer on-site behaviour.     

建筑企业安全文化对安全绩效影响的实证研究

基于安全文化在建筑业安全管理中的重要性越来越突出,因此安全文化对于提高安全绩效,减少建筑业事故发生率的作用日益得到重视。文中进行实证研究,探讨建筑企业安全文化对安全绩效的影响。安全文化的维度为安全制度文化、安全物质文化和安全观念文化,研究结果表明,安全制度文化、安全物质文化和安全观念文化均有助于安全绩效提高,研究结果可在一定程度上促使建筑企业重视并自觉改善安全文化,有助于减少建筑业安全事故发生率,提升安全绩效。     

浅议企业安全文化建设与安全标准化建设的关系

目前由于国内各企业正在开展企业安全标准化建设工作,很多企业对安全标准化建设与企业安全文化建设之间的关系感到困惑。本文首先介绍了企业安全文化的层次和各层次间的关系以及安全标准化建设的相关内容,然后分析了企业安全文化建设与安全标准化建设之间的关系,最后得出安全标准化建设是企业安全文化的重要组成这一结论。安全标准化建设是建设安全文化的重要措施之一,企业可以通过安全标准化的建设来完善其在安全文化建设中的不足。本文能为企业进行安全标准化建设和安全文化建设的实施提供参考依据。     

Safety culture in railway maintenance

This paper discusses the practical problems of understanding and addressing unsafe behaviour and negative safety culture in rail maintenance. A well grounded qualitative approach informed the research methodology. Analysis of interviews with staff enabled identification of forty main factors that influence safe behaviour and safe culture. These factors ranged in proximity of their connection to the unsafe event, from those that could be found at trackside and which directly influence the behaviour of the track workers on the day (e.g. weather), to more medium term and distanced factors (e.g. supervisors’ style of management), to those at considerable distance in terms of where they emanate and can be changed, such as contradictory rules. As a result of this deep, structured qualitative enquiry, the maintenance company most concerned has disseminated findings throughout the organisation and has set a strategy to improve both safety systems and behaviour.     

民营中小企业安全文化建设探讨

企业安全文化建设对于企业安全管理起着至关重要的作用,民营中小企业作为我国经济体系的生力军,其安全管理工作必须注入新的安全管理理念、理论和方法。分析了民营中小企业安全文化建设的制约因素,在基于"本质安全、目标统一和全员参与"三个原则的基础上,初步构建由观念文化、制度文化、行为文化和物态文化四部分组成的民营中小企业安全文化建设框架,并提出相应的建设方法,对于民营中小企业的安全发展有着极其重要的意义。     

航运企业航运安全评价研究

在研讨现阶段航运安全评价技术进展的基础上,认为航运企业航运安全评价,宜采用定量和定性相结合的组合评价方法。因而构建了基于多级模糊综合评价方法的航运企业"航运安全"评价模型,从评价指标选取、指标体系建立、指标权重分析等入手,对航运企业的航运安全进行研究,并使用多级模糊综合评价方法对某航运企业A的航运安全进行了评价分析。通过分析,认为该企业急需加强企业航运安全文化建设,并加强航运企业管理体系和船员心理品质的培养。希望研究成果能为航运企业管理者提供一种全面认识和评价企业安全管理工作的工具和方法。