环境因素的识别与重要环境因素的评价

企业在自觉贯彻ISO14000系列标准建立环境管理体系过程中,首先要进行环境因素的识别与重要环境因素的评价,对冶金企业来说,尤为突出和重要.能否准确地进行环境因素的识别、评价直接影响着整个体系的建立和运行效果.     

ISO14001中环境因素的识别和评价

环境因素是企业生产经营过程中与环境发生相互作用的要素,其作用结果就是环境影响.环境管理的目的就是通过控制环境因素,减少其对环境造成的有害影响,保护和改善环境.环境因素是企业建立ISO14001环境管理体系的基础,只有对自身的环境因素进行全面、深入的调查分析,才能有针对性地建立有效的体系,因此准确识别和合理评价环境因素十分必要.     

生产型组织初始环境评审中环境因素的识别评价

环境因素的识别与评价是环境管理体系建立和实施的关键，生产型企业在初始环境评审时可以工程分析为重点，结合对正常和异常情况的分析，对生产过程和各部门涉及的环境影响进行全面分析，从而确定环境因素。在评价重要环境因素时，可先根据企业对外环境排放的接口情况、环境影响情况，结合商业方面的考虑制定重要环境因素评价准则，再利用评价准则评价出重要环境因素。     

重要环境因素评价方式探讨

众所周知ISO14001：1996标准规定了对环境管理体系的要求。它针对的是那些组织可以控制，以及可望对其施加影响的环境因素。因此任何一个组织建立环境管理体系的基础是对环境因素的识别以及对重大环境因素的判定。换句话说，若环境因素识别充分，重大环境因素判定合理，环境管理体系才有明确目标，才会最终产生绩效。反之体系如空中楼阁，形同虚设。     

运用环境因素识别评价和针对性管理方法持续改进环境管理体系的有效性

环境因素识别和评价是环境管理的基本方法．通过环境因素识别和评价．找出与环境有关的管理点（环境因素），评价出环境管理需要管理的重点（重要环境因素），制定方法（目标指标方案或运行控制）加以控制和改善．这就是ISO14000环境管理体系的基本原则和思路。     

生命周期评价在环境因素识别中的应用

在建立环境管理体系（EMS）时，识别环境因素是一个主要的工作，在实际工作中还没有统一有效的识别方法。本应用生命周期评价的思想，提出了一种识别环境因素的方法。     

Excel在环境因素分析中的应用

全面、系统地进行环境因素的识别与评价是组织建立和实施环境管理体系的良好开端。本文结合某企业职工食堂的环境因素分析，介绍Excel在环境因素辨识、评价中的应用。     

关于几种重要环境因素评价方法的探讨

组织实施ISO14001标准是全面提升组织形象、降低成本、改善环境管理的有力武器,也是企业发展,走向国际市场的一种途径.在建立环境管理体系的过程中,重要环境因素的评价尤其重要,它是一个组织制定方针,目标、指标和环境管理方案的重要依据.     

路桥建筑施工企业环境因素辨识实践

环境因素识别与评价方法的实际应用，详细阐述路桥建筑施工企业推行ISO14000环境管理体系过程中“环境因素”要素的操作流程，为路桥施工企业开展环境因素辨识工作提供参考，推动环境管理体系的推广。     

浅谈工业企业在建立环境管理体系时应关注的环境因素

ISO14000环境管理体系认证是针对企业存在的环境因素加强预防与控制,改善企业的环境绩效,因此在建立环境管理体系之初,如何有效地识别与评价出企业应关注的环境因素是最为关键的.     

Identification of environmental aspects in an EMS context: a methodological framework for the Swedish National Rail Administration

Environmental aspects are basic elements in an Environmental Management System (EMS). The identification of environmental aspects is, however, recognized as one of the most complicated parts in establishing an EMS and has been subject to criticism concerning, e.g., lack of transparency and reproducibility. This paper evaluates the Swedish National Rail Administration's (Banverket) current practice for the identification of environmental aspects. A better link between activity, aspect and impact is needed. A more stringent identification procedure would improve Banverket's environmental management. The paper proposes a structured framework for the identification of environmental aspects at Banverket.     

城市或区域建立环境管理体系的探讨

通过试点证明，建立并认证环境管理体系（ＩＳＯ１４０００）对企业的好处是多方面的，特别对强化企业环境管理，改善企业环境行为，发迹企业形象起到了十分明显的作用，该文对如何在城市或区域建立环境管理体系作了一些探讨，首先就城市或区域建立环境管理体系的必要性与可能性进行了阐述，然后就其如何的基本思路，基本框架，以及思想与物质基础等作了较详细的论述，笔者认为，城市或区域推行ＩＳＯ１４０００标准，应用把基点放在     

ISO14000标准中重大环境因素的判别方法

建立符合、有效的环境管理体系是组织实施 ISO14000环境管理标准的主要内容,而判别重大环境因素则是这一过程的基础和关键．本文探讨了判别重大环境因素的原则和标准,总结和介绍了多标准综合评价法、等标污染负荷－排污频率法等重大环境因素判别方法．     

美国的环境立法

通过对美国环境立法发展状况的分析,阐述了美国环境法规的特点,及其在国家加强行政环境管理等方面的作用。立法不完善,是美国环境立法的主要问题。     

A rough set-based quality function deployment (QFD) approach for environmental performance evaluation: a case of offshore oil and gas operations

Activities in offshore oil and gas (OOG) that cause environmental impacts can be systematically managed through an environmental management system (EMS). Environmental performance evaluation (EPE) is an essential part of an EMS. However, previous studies on EPE indicate that existing lists of indicators little insight into how indicators are modified to more accurately assess environmental performance.In this paper, a way is proposed to identify and define specific environmental performance indicators on a case-by-case basis, which consists of five steps: (1) describing environmental requirements; (2) determining favourable outcomes corresponding to the requirements; (3) identifying required activities or issues to achieve the outcomes; (4) searching for proper measures of the activities or issues; and (5) generating a list of key indicators. Based on these steps, a quality function deployment (QFD) approach is developed to determine key indicators and evaluate environmental performance. To handle uncertainties in QFD, the decision makers’ evaluations are quantified through rough numbers using the concept of rough sets. The outputs of the proposed approach are different environmental performance indices. Using these indices, decision makers can easily determine whether an improved performance has been achieved through an EMS. The proposed approach is transparent and promising for use as a unified tool for EPE. An application of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a numerical example.     

城市政府建立环境管理体系的绩效分析

从城市的可持续发展和建立循环经济社会框架的需求出发．阐述了城市政府建立环境管理体系的必要性和意义；并分别从构筑沟通、监督、服务、链接四大平台．提高政府对突发事故的应急能力。建立循环经济社会框架，提高招商引资的竞争力和培养全员环境保护意识从五个方面分析论证了建立环境管理体系可以取得的环境绩效，最终做到规范政府管理，实现环境与经济，社会的协调发展。     

浅谈环境应急监测质量管理体系的建设

环境应急监测作为环境应急处置的基础环节,发挥着重要的决策支持和技术保障作用。本文主要论述了各级环境监测部门如何从组织体系、网络体系、信息体系、质量控制体系和评估及预测体系5个方面建立一套完善的环境应急监测质量管理体系,以确保环境应急监测的质量,为环境管理提供可靠的技术支持。     

印染行业建立环境管理体系的意义及建议

介绍了ISO14000环境管理体系的内容。通过分析我国印染行业和现状和建立ISO14000环境管理体系的意义，提出建立ISO14000环境管理体系是提高企业管理水平的有效途径的观点。探讨了再阶段印染行业建立ISO14000环境管理体系 的步骤。     

The LIFE certification methodology as a diagnostic tool of the environmental management system of the automotive industry

We conducted a diagnosis of the environmental management system of the Brazilian auto parts industry, using the LIFE certification methodology (lasting initiative for earth) as a diagnostic tool. This certification recognizes enterprises that develop conservation actions for biodiversity for the purpose of minimizing and/or mitigating their own negative impact on the environment. Through this method, it was possible to quantify and qualify the environmental impact and investigate the existence of conservation actions, as well as evaluate them quantitatively and qualitatively. Therefore, we used this methodology to demonstrate its potential as an economic instrument of environmental management through its application within an EMS certified to the ISO 14001 series. It was shown that there are many benefits of using sustainable environmental resources (possibility to return to ISE-Corporate Sustainability Index-Bovespa) and for the final disposal of waste from production. The main results indicated that the LIFE methodology allows companies to incorporate actions to biodiversity conservation transversally into their EMSs, which can increase the efficiency of enterprise management. We believe that the use of this management model by other companies will enable the intensification of conservation actions in protected areas in their regions.     

Critical factors for implementing ISO 14001 standard in United States industrial companies

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study carried out on a sample of certified industrial companies that operate in the United States, with the aim of identifying some of the critical factors for successful implementation of the ISO 14001 registration process. The paper reveals that it takes most of the companies between 8 to 19 months to obtain ISO 14001 certification. In addition, the ISO 14001 elements requiring the greatest effort are: identifying environmental aspects, environmental management system (EMS) documentation, training, EMS audits, operational control, environmental management program, objectives and targets, and document control. The survey also reveals that high certification cost and lack of other available resources are the greatest obstacles for implementing the ISO 14001 standard.