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Daniel Laven Curtis Ventriss Robert Manning Nora Mitchell 《Environmental management》2010,46(2):195-212
Like many governmental actors in recent decades, the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) has operated increasingly through partnerships
with other state and federal agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community groups, and private sector corporations.
Perhaps the most salient example of this trend toward partnerships is the rapid growth and development of national heritage
areas (NHAs). Since the first NHA received congressional designation in 1984, NHAs have become an increasingly popular strategy
for protecting and managing landscapes. To date, congressional designation has been granted to 49 NHAs, making them one of
the fastest growing initiatives involving the NPS. Despite this growth, no prior research has examined the efficacy or effectiveness
of the NHA model. This article introduces the NHA concept, while reviewing the literature on evaluation research and its application
to protected area management. We then offer an NHA program theory model for evaluating NHAs. The model was developed using
a theory-based, process evaluation approach, along with 90 qualitative interviews conducted at three study sites: Blackstone
River Valley National Heritage Corridor, MA-RI (BLAC); Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor, PA (DELE); and Cane
River National Heritage Area, LA (CANE). We conclude by discussing the key challenges and implications associated with developing
a long-term research agenda for evaluating NHAs. 相似文献
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《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(5):1109-1110
To satisfy, domestic, commercial, industrial, and public use needs, it takes 150 gallons of water each day for every man, woman, and child in our country.
Each day 22,000 gallons of water fall to the earth in the continental United States for each inhabitant.
Four gallons of water go into producing and refining the sugar that one American eats each day. 相似文献
Each day 22,000 gallons of water fall to the earth in the continental United States for each inhabitant.
Four gallons of water go into producing and refining the sugar that one American eats each day. 相似文献
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John. F. Potter 《The Environmentalist》2004,24(2):136