充分利用山区农业气候资源扩大冬种

充分利用山区农业气候资源扩大冬种王向阳（安徽省黄山林业学校，屯溪２４５０４１）皖南南部山区位于新安江上游，农业气候资源较丰富，但由于长期以来种植制度单一，冬种比例小，农业气候资源未得到充分的利用，限制了该地农业生产的持续发展。农业气候资源是指提供并保...     

基于GIS的区域农业气候资源要素分布模拟

针对当前一定区域范围内气象站点非常有限,而区域内农业生产却在一定程度上依赖农业气候条件这一特点,文章将地理信息系统（GIS）技术与农业气候资源要素推算数学模式相结合,以获取区域主要农业气候资源要素的精确定量值,并用图形等多种方式来表达最终成果。以重庆区域为例,具体模拟了其区域范围内主要农业气候资源要素的空间分布。     

区域农业气候资源地理信息系统的研制及应用

在Arcview GIS基础平台上探讨了区域农业气候资源地理信息系统的研制问题,着重介绍了基于网格单元的农业气候资源数据库建设以及区域农业气候资源地理信息系统的数据采集与管理、信息表现与可视化、信息查询与分析以及信息共享与输出和其它辅助等功能的开发与实现,介绍了基于该系统的应用探讨.区域农业气候资源的地理信息系统的研制与应用可大大增强区域农业气候资源的信息化水平,为区域农业气候资源辅助决策支持系统的建设提供理论与技术基础.     

四川省农村劳动力资源开发利用的现状与趋势

劳动力资源是社会物质资料生产的基本要素之一。在农业经济社会发展战略的研究中,必须对农村劳动力资源开发利用的现状和趋势进行全面、综合的考察;从而对该资源的合理开发利用作出科学、可行的布署。     

广东省广宁县重视对青皮竹资源的开发利用

广东省广宁县是我国三大产竹县之一,盛产青皮竹(Bambusa textilis),现有竹林100多万亩。该县栽培和加工利用青皮竹已有2000多年的历史,但是过去对青皮竹资源的开发利用不够,加工点少,产品单一(主要是竹笏),经济效益不高。近几年来,广宁县重视了对青皮竹资源的开发利用,先后建立了国营、集体和个体的竹类加工厂、工艺厂数10个,生产了300多个竹工艺品种,如竹茶几、沙发、书架、花架     

大西南通道农业气候资源及开发利用途径

作者在分析大西南沿线农业气候资源特点的基础上,从不同侧面和不同层次对大西南沿线农业开发的共性问题进行了较全面的分析和探讨,并提出了开发的途径和思路。     

塔里木河沿岸地区农业气候资源分析及利用途径

分析塔里木河沿岸地区农业气候资源，提出了充分利用该地区农业气候资源的途径。     

河西走廊的农业资源与集约化生产结构

通过对甘肃省河西走廊农业自然资源优势的分析,本文讨论了光热资源和水资源潜力的开发利用,提出用高新技术手段建立集约化的半闭路式生态农业生产体系,促进河西走廊农业再上新台阶．     

我国秸秆资源开发利用综述

生物质资源包括农作物秸秆和农业加工剩余物、薪材及林业加工剩余物等,具有可再生性、低污染性、广泛分布性等特点。我国是农业大国,农作物的废弃物——秸秆资源极其丰富,对我国开发利用秸秆资源进行发电、制沼气、还田、制饲料以及秸秆的其它用途进行了综述。     

潼南县发挥资源优势,建立黄桃商品生产基地

潼南县是以粮、油、猪、蚕为主的农业县,矿产资源贫乏,工业基础薄弱。近年来,该县在农业资源调查和农业区划工作的基础上,认为黄桃是潼南大规模发展商品生产的重要项目之一。该县生产的黄桃罐头远销德国、美国、日本、加拿大、中东等20多个国家和地区。潼南县具有建立黄桃基地的有利条件。该县位于四川盆地腹部中浅丘陵区,幅员面积1593.5     

从生态环境角度论鄱阳湖区农业可持续发展

鄱阳湖区农业资源十分丰富，具有发展大农业的优越条件。本文通过对湖区农业生态环境的脆弱性分析，指出湖区农业的非良性循环特性，提出防洪、抗旱、治涝、血吸虫病治理等对策措施，为湖区农业可持续发展提供决策参考。     

粤西地区的热带气候资源与区划

粤西热带是我国三大热带区域之一,是热带经济作物、水果和蔗糖生产的重要基地。本文分析了该区的气候资源及其主要气象灾害,结果表明该区光热资源丰富,适宜发展多种热带亚热带经济作物;水、热配合状况好,降水的有效性较高;但台风风害和低温冷害也较严重。为了充分利用气候资源,可将全区划分为北部多雨轻风区、西部多雨大风区、东部偏旱温暖区和南部干热大风区,并论述了各区农业气候资源开发利用情况。     

黄山旅游气候资源的初步分析

本文对黄山旅游气候资源进行了初步分析，黄山旅游气候资源丰富，应充分开发利用，大力发展旅游业。     

开发秋季气候资源,发展再生稻生产

南充地区秋季气候资源丰富,近几年由于推广良种良法,再生稻由零星试种到区域性种植获得成功,预示着新耕作制度的出现,这是开发秋季气候资源的一项重大突破。本文以大量数据阐述发展再生稻的生产潜力,分析了再生稻的生态气候适应性,指出伏旱高温和秋季低温冷害是发展再生稻的两个不利气象条件,并将全区划分为适宜、比较适宜和不适宜3个区,提出了相应的技术措施,为趋利避害发展再生稻提供了气象科学依据。     

RECENT RESEARCH ON EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and other radiatively active trace gases have risen since the Industrial Revolution. Such atmospheric modifications can alter the global climate and hydrologic cycle, in turn affecting water resources. The clear physical and biological sensitivities of water resources to climate, the indication that climate change may be occurring, and the substantial social and economic dependencies on water resources have instigated considerable research activity in the area of potential water resource impacts. We discuss how the literature on climate change and water resources responds to three basic research needs: (1) a need for water managers to clearly describe the climatic and hydrologic statistics and characteristics needed to estimate climatic impacts on water resources, (2) a need to estimate the impacts of climate change on water resources, and (3) a need to evaluate standard water management and planning methods to determine if uncertainty regarding fundamental assumptions (e.g., hydrologic stationarity) implies that these methods should be revised. The climatic and hydrologic information needs for water resource managers can be found in a number of sources. A proliferation of impact assessments use a variety of methods for generating climate scenarios, and apply both modeling approaches and historical analyses of past responses to climate fluctuations for revealing resource or system sensitivities to climate changes. Traditional techniques of water resources planning and management have been examined, yielding, for example, suggestions for new methods for incorporating climate information in real-time water management.     

The expert valuation method for assessing agro‐environmental policy

The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and other conventional valuation methods of non‐market goods often prove to be unsuitable for the evaluation of the benefits of agro‐environmental policy. Therefore, a new method is introduced, according to which a group of experts jointly evaluates the strengths, weaknesses and finally monetary benefit of agro‐environmental programmes. While the methodology combines expert surveys, group discussions and CVM, its theoretical background is merit good theory. Compared to CVM, the most important practical difference in its outcome is the greater openness of the results. As an example, the Expert Valuation Method is applied to two groups of agro‐environmental policy measures in Switzerland. Suggestions for more efficient levels of reimbursements are made.     

气候遥感解译法在区域气候研究中的应用

运用遥感手段进行气候资源普查和生态气候类型的划分,是现代应用气候的一种新的研究方法,也是遥感技术应用的一个新领域。研究实践证明,遥感技术对于下垫面气候研究具有独特的功能,特别是对地方气候分析提供了新的内容和手段。本文以内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗和突泉县为列,对气候遥感解译法进行初步分析和概述,以促进该研究法在区域气候研究中更广泛地推广和应用。     

Analysis of Meteorological Drought Pattern During Different Climatic and Cropping Seasons in Bangladesh

Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agro‐based economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre‐Kharif (March‐May), Kharif (May‐October), and Rabi (December‐February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years (1961‐2010). The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh.     

MANAGING THE NATION'S WATER IN A CHANGING CLIMATE1

ABSTRACT: Among the many concerns associated with global climate change, the potential effects on water resources are frequently cited as the most worrisome. In contrast, those who manage water resources do not rate climatic change among their top planning and operational concerns. The difference in these views can be associated with how water managers operate their systems and the types of stresses, and the operative time horizons, that affect the Nation's water resources infrastructure. Climate, or more precisely weather, is an important variable in the management of water resources at daily to monthly time scales because water resources systems generally are operated on a daily basis. At decadal to centennial time scales, though, climate is much less important because (1) forecasts, particularly of regional precipitation, are extremely uncertain over such time periods, and (2) the magnitude of effects due to changes in climate on water resources is small relative to changes in other variables such as population, technology, economics, and environmental regulation. Thus, water management agencies find it difficult to justify changing design features or operating rules on the basis of simulated climatic change at the present time, especially given that reservoir-design criteria incorporate considerable buffering capacity for extreme meteorological and hydro-logical events.     

成都冬季典型辐射逆温过程分析

本文利用测温声雷达的探测结果，借助同期探空和地面观测资料，分析了成都平原典型辐射逆温的生消演变规律，指出了其主要特征。这些结果对气候资源利用、污染气象条件的研究等具有重要意义。