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通过对全省1045种化学品基础数据,国内外有毒化学品名单,法规,毒理等资料源的调查收集,在此基础上研究运用了粗选--粗选--复审三步法筛选程序,优选出了38种有毒化学品作为甘肃省优先控制名单,作为管理部门优先管理,控制污染制定法规的科学依据。 相似文献
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为明确地下水污染高风险区环境管控目标,快速识别优先控制污染物,于2022年以典型产业集聚区为研究对象,利用污染源产排污状况和地下水基础环境状况调查结果,将污染评价和环境风险相结合,优选污染源超标率、地下水环境污染等级、生物毒性参数和环境迁移转化参数作为筛选因子,利用层次分析法和综合分析法,计算各污染指标综合得分,建立筛选地下水优先控制污染物的方法体系。筛选结果显示,该产业集聚区的优先控制污染物相关指标包括:硝酸盐、耗氧量、石油类、总硬度、亚硝酸盐、镍、锌、硫酸盐、甲苯、氨氮等。筛选结果与园区主导行业产排污特征和地下水质量现状相符,具有一定的可靠性,可为科学、精准管控高风险区地下水质量提供依据。 相似文献
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以某化学品泄漏造成大气污染为例,采用虚拟治理成本法,通过对污染物单位治理成本的调查,污染物危害系数的确定等步骤量化生态环境损害的数额。针对生态环境损害价值量化过程中主要污染物的选择、单位治理成本的确定、危害类别的判断等技术关键点,提出,应结合环境质量标准限值,污染物危害系数等综合因素选择主要污染物;采用成本函数法来确定某一地区单位治理成本更容易被采纳;利用标签制度(GHS)危险性类别的结论能够快速确定污染物危害系数,以期为大气环境损害鉴定评估技术方法的完善提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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水环境中优先控制药物筛选体系的建立与应用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
参考国外经验,以药物在水环境中的预测含量、存在持久性及其毒性为依据,研究建立了水环境中优先控制药物的筛选体系,并对上海市水环境中的七类药物进行了筛选.结果表明,得分40以上的药物有8种,30~40分之间的有16种,可以作为上海市水环境中的\"优先控制药物\".建立的筛选体系具有可操作性及普适性,为明确今后监测管理的重点以及水环境中药物生态风险评价及其污染控制提供了重要依据. 相似文献
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简述了国家重点监控水污染企业筛选的方法。建议通过增加筛选因子,拓宽统计范围,采用分类筛选的方式改进国家重点监控企业筛选方法,并由环境监察、税务和工商等部门联合确定国家重点监控企业名单。 相似文献
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依据现有指南和规范,在分析方法标准验证实验和报告中,常常分别评估准确度和精密度。这容易导致以加标回收率表示的准确度数据缺乏良好精密度支持的现象。基于ISO 11352原理,首次提出在不增加实验室分析人员工作量的情况下,利用自上而下技术评估方法测量不确定度,即同时考虑准确度与精密度作为一个综合性指标评估方法性能。这是标准制修订时落实测量不确定度条文一条操作性强的技术路线。利用改进后的加标回收率计算结果评估方法准确度。5组方法验证实测数据表明,用测量不确定度这一综合性指标评估方法性能比分别用准确度和精密度指标更符合实际情况。他可引导实验室分析人员在设计和处理方法验证数据时,更加重视方法精密度。在修订HJ 168—2010时,建议增加测量不确定度这一综合性指标评估方法性能。 相似文献
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在上海市大气污染物排放标准的基础上,结合国家相关标准提出了工业区环境空气中47项VOCs指标的预警值。根据VOCs污染物的有毒有害性和异味特征、浓度特征和光化学活性特征,分别定义了T-特征污染物、C-特征污染物和O-特征污染物,并提出了各类特征污染物的筛选方法。将VOCs预警值和特征污染物筛选方法应用于上海市工业园区在线监测点,结果显示预警值较为适用,可以达到较好的预警目标;特征污染物筛选结果合理,且能从不同角度反映各站点周边污染源特征。 相似文献
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文章对我国环境监测分析方法标准与生态环境质量标准、生态环境风险管控标准和污染物排放标准等的适用配套发展历程进行了梳理,并对美国替代方法检验机制和欧盟环境监测分析方法等效性验证的管理和技术方法进行了研究,分析了我国开展环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估的需求和国外相关管理及技术体系的可参考借鉴内容。在此基础上,文章从明确我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估内容、建立相关技术方法体系及工作机制等方面对我国环境监测分析方法标准适用性评估提出了整体工作建议设想,以期促进我国生态环境标准体系科学性、适用性的不断发展完善。 相似文献
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Monitoring Changes in Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Communities Along a Salinity Gradient Using Artificial Substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Scientists strive to develop efficient sampling protocols, reducing both the number of samples and processing time required,
which can be adapted for use in a broad range of ecosystems. We investigated the accuracy and usefulness of artificial substrates
in monitoring the impact of rising salinity on freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. We sampled seven sites along a salinity
gradient (from 0.2gL-1 to 2.6gL-1) over a 19-km stretch of the Meurthe River, in northeastern France. All other parameters remained stable in this section
of the river. Artificial substrate samples, each consisting of six liters of pebbles, were removed from the river at one-month
intervals and examined. Results obtained indicated the same qualitative impairments as those found in samples collected using
a Surber net. The use of artificial substrates was found to be a viable alternative method for assessing biological changes
in river quality due to increasing salinity disturbance when Surber sampling cannot be performed. 相似文献
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The central objectives of the European Forum on Integrated Environmental Assessment (EFIEA) include improving the scientific
quality of Integrated Environmental Assessments (IEA) as well as strengthening the interactions between science and policy
making in environmental matters. This paper is intended to provide a concise assessment of the evolution of IEA methods and
present it as a background to current thinking on and practice in IEA. Historical roots of IEA concepts and applications are
explored. Common elements and distinctive features in recent proposals to define IEA are sorted and a liberal definition is
proposed for the purposes of the present methodological study. This definition emphasizes the interdisciplinary character
and environmental policy orientation of IEAs. Changes in the nature, social perception, and management of environmental problems
are identified as the major factors driving methodological development in IEAs. A simple scheme is proposed to arrange the
main elements of IEA: disciplinary tools, integration tools, and assessment frameworks. The role of IEAs in environmental
management is examined by adopting the concept of risk management functions. Due to the varying needs for interdisciplinary
research and diverging degrees of policy involvement across those functions, the potential contribution of IEAs to activities
belonging to different functions also varies. The flexibility and diversity of IEAs are demonstrated by a sampler of frameworks
that have been developed to address profoundly different problems and audiences.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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富营养化是沿海经济和社会发展面临的主要环境问题,近些年基于科学研究成果与经验,国外近岸海域富营养化评价方法已有长足进步,与之相比,中国现行方法仍处于初级阶段。通过文献资料分析,总结了奥斯陆-巴黎委员会、赫尔辛基委员会、欧盟水框架指令、美国海洋和大气管理局等富营养化评价方法的特点,并在应用范围、评价指标体系、标准、数据要求、程序及结果等方面进行了比较。针对中国目前近岸海域监测现状提出建议,为建立适合中国近岸海域富营养化特点的评价方法提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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应用斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)和凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)对某废弃有机污染场地中有毒有机废弃物堆积产生的污水(1号塘污水)和场地及周边地表径流积水(2号塘污水)的生物毒性进行了试验.结果表明,1号塘污水对斑马鱼和凡纳对虾96 hLC50分别为46.2%和59.6%, 2号塘污水的毒性试验中两种试验生物的死亡率皆为0.化学检测表明,1号塘污水中的主要污染物为苯酚类和酞酸脂类物质,而2号塘污水中均未检出有机污染物.化学检测结果与毒性试验结果具有较好的相关性. 相似文献
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We tested whether the semi-automatic program CROCO can replace visual assessments of slides to detect changes in defoliation assessment methods. We randomly selected a series of slides of 24 Norway spruce trees with 220 field assessments made between 1986 and 1995. The slides had been randomly arranged and assessed by three experts without knowledge of the tree number or the year when the slide was taken. Defoliation scores were computed with CROCO. Each tree had thus three different defoliation scores, field assessments, photo assessments and CROCO scores.CROCO scores were less correlated with the field assessments (Spearmans rank correlation: 0.67) than were the slide assessments with the field assessments (0.79–0.83). However, CROCO was not biased against the field scores, while slide assessments systematically underestimated defoliation.In a multi-variate mixed effect model none of the variables tree overlap, tree visibility and light conditions was significant in explaining differences between slide assessors and CROCO scores. The same model applied for the differences from the field scores yielded significant effects for poor light conditions (CROCO and all assessors), for crown overlap (CROCO and one assessor) and for visibility (one assessor). We conclude, therefore, that CROCO can be used to detect past and future changes in assessment methods without bias if poor quality photographs are avoided. 相似文献
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介绍了恶臭物质对人体健康的影响,分析了舰艇舱室内常见恶臭物质的分类、气味性质及来源,比对了国内外恶臭污染控制的相关标准。通过分析恶臭污染物的检出频次、毒性效应、气味安全级别、综合分值和艇内危害等级等指标,提出了舰艇舱室环境中24种恶臭物质的优先控制名单,指出舰艇的通风设计和硬件设备改进对于控制恶臭污染也很重要。 相似文献
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徐庆 《环境监测管理与技术》2014,26(2):56-59
综合考虑国外优先控制污染物筛选的方法,根据上海市集中式生活饮用水源地特定80项和地表水控制的109项以外项目、全市挥发性和半挥发性有机项目、水源地突发性应急事故有机污染物等实际监测数据和历年来微量有机污染物研究成果,制定饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物筛选的原则、程序和过程,对出现频率高、超标几率高、浓度高,可能对人体健康产生影响的有机污染物进行筛选,提出包括多环芳烃、酞酸酯、卤代烃和其他共4类7种上海市饮用水源地优先控制有机污染物名单. 相似文献