金属铁铝对混凝强化初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响

选取FeCl3和AlCl2·6H2O作为混凝剂对城市污水进行一级强化混凝处理，降低二级生物处理的进水负荷，减少污水生物处理系统的能量消耗。主要研究混凝过程投加的金属盐对一级强化混凝产生的初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响。和剩余污泥相比，初沉污泥更适合厌氧消化处理，污泥降解性能和产气性能更高。当采用城市污水一级强化混凝处理时，污泥中的金属和金属盐水解引起的pH降低，使混凝强化初沉污泥的厌氧消化受到一定抑制。随着污泥中铝含量的降低和铁含量的增加，厌氧消化的COD降解率和挥发性固体（Vs）降解率逐渐升高，生物气产量逐渐增大，产气速率加快。当混凝强化初沉污泥只含有铁时（铁含量为10．16mg／L），混凝强化初沉污泥厌氧消化效果最好，产气稳定，而且产气速率高，生物气产量为237mL，生物气甲烷含量为55．5％，降解单位Vs产气量为0．80L／g，均高于其他含铝的混凝强化初沉污泥。污泥中的铁对初沉污泥厌氧消化的抑制作用远远小于铝的作用，说明铁盐适合用于城市污水的一级强化混凝处理。     

金属铁铝对混凝强化初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响简

选取FeCl₃和AlCl₃·6H₂O作为混凝剂对城市污水进行一级强化混凝处理，降低二级生物处理的进水负荷，减少污水生物处理系统的能量消耗。主要研究混凝过程投加的金属盐对一级强化混凝产生的初沉污泥中温厌氧消化的影响。和剩余污泥相比，初沉污泥更适合厌氧消化处理，污泥降解性能和产气性能更高。当采用城市污水一级强化混凝处理时，污泥中的金属和金属盐水解引起的pH降低，使混凝强化初沉污泥的厌氧消化受到一定抑制。随着污泥中铝含量的降低和铁含量的增加，厌氧消化的COD降解率和挥发性固体（VS）降解率逐渐升高，生物气产量逐渐增大，产气速率加快。当混凝强化初沉污泥只含有铁时（铁含量为10.16 mg/L），混凝强化初沉污泥厌氧消化效果最好，产气稳定，而且产气速率高，生物气产量为237 mL，生物气甲烷含量为55.5%，降解单位VS产气量为0.80 L/g，均高于其他含铝的混凝强化初沉污泥。污泥中的铁对初沉污泥厌氧消化的抑制作用远远小于铝的作用，说明铁盐适合用于城市污水的一级强化混凝处理。     

超声波强化生物脱氮除磷技术

由于中国城市生活污水属于低碳源的污水，因此碳源已成为传统的生物脱氮除磷工艺的瓶颈。北京紫石千年环保设备有限公司和北京排水集团有限公司研究开发成功“超声波强化生物脱氮除磷技术”。该技术利用低频超声波处理污水处理厂的污泥，开发内部碳源，在减少污泥排放的同时，提高了脱氮除磷的效果为20％-30％。该技术吨水投资仅需60元，是最经济、高效的。     

炼化污水的厌氧生物预处理技术

炼化污水中污染源以难降解有机物为主,降低污水生物毒性,提高其可生化性是炼化污水达标排放的关键环节。为降低工艺运行成本及产泥量,同时为后续好氧生化处理提供优质水源,实验采用高效厌氧生物反应器处理炼化污水,探讨炼化污水厌氧处理过程中的COD去除率、能源转化效能、微生物菌群变化、可生化性及有机污染物降解效果。结果表明,该反应器对炼化污水COD平均去除率达70.01%,出水中大分子复杂难降解有机污染物转化为以小分子有机酸类为主的有机物,可生化性明显提高,为后续生物处理提供良好运行条件。     

垃圾压缩站污水的生物强化处理

垃圾压缩站污水是一种具有高COD、高NH3-N特点的有机污水.以厌氧/好氧组合工艺为基础,通过投加高效菌株对活性污泥系统进行生物强化.实验结果表明,与空白相比,厌氧出水COD去除率提高约30%,好氧出水NH3-N去除率提高约20%.最终出水COD《120 mg/L, NH3-N《25 mg/L,均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)二级排放标准.     

农业源水污染物削减技术探讨

农业面源污染是水体中COD、氮、磷等指标的主要来源。它包括农药化肥施用、畜禽养殖和农村生活污水排放。对农业源水污染物进行削减是实现污染物总量控制的重要手段。通过详细总结国内外现有农业源水污染物削减技术方法,分析对比其优缺点和实用性,筛选出适用于不同农业污染来源的污水处理技术。结果表明,畜禽养殖废水的适宜处理技术有厌氧/缺氧/好氧(A/A/O)、序批式活性污泥法(SBR)、膜生物反应器(MBR)、升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、厌氧沼气池;农地施肥污水的适宜处理技术有SBR、MBR、UASB;农村生活污水的适宜处理技术有厌氧沼气池、生物滴滤池、人工湿地、稳定塘。     

厌氧膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水研究进展与展望

中国是抗生素生产大国,抗生素生产过程伴随产生大量的含抗生素残留的有机废水,通常采用厌氧生物技术进行处理。然而传统的厌氧处理技术对抗生素废水存在效能不高的问题,并且难以实现废水中常规污染物、抗生素与耐药基因的协同控制。厌氧膜生物反应器同时具有厌氧处理与膜处理技术的优点,在处理抗生素废水方面展现出很好的应用前景。本文总结了厌氧膜生物反应器处理抗生素废水的研究进展,从常规污染物去除和耐药基因削减两方面阐述了厌氧膜生物反应器的处理优势;重点梳理了抗生素对厌氧膜生物反应处理过程中生物效能的抑制和耐药基因赋存的影响。在此基础上,提出“强化水解预处理去除抗生素残留效价(抑菌活性)-厌氧膜生物反应器”组合处理工艺作为短流程的抗生素废水处理最佳策略,在提升污水处理效能的同时实现对耐药性的协同控制,为制药废水绿色、高效和安全处理提供参考。     

生物法在造纸废水处理中的应用

造纸废水对水生生物的生存、生理生化过程、结构都要造成一定的影响；好氧活性污泥法、厌氧消化法、稳定塘、土地处理系统对造纸废水具有较高，的处理效率；将造纸废水和城市生活污水混合处理及开发厌氧一好氧工艺是今后的发展方向。     

厌氧流化床处理低浓度污水的生物特性研究

对厌氧流化床用于低浓度污水的酸化处理进行了试验研究。测定分析了该工艺对负荷、温度等因素变化的稳定性以及生物膜厚、生物浓度、不产甲烷菌形态及数量分布等生物特性。     

废水厌氧生物处理技术综述与研究进展

本文系统总结了污水厌氧生物处理技术发展沿革、技术现状与研究进展 ,并对各技术的优缺点进行了比较 ,指出了技术研究的关键与应用前景     

A rapid, direct measurement of bacterial growth rate in anaerobic wastewater treatment.

Reliable design and operation of biological wastewater treatment systems demand robust models of biological degradation processes. However, methods to directly measure key bacterial growth kinetics have not been readily available. Those methods that are available rely on the classic measurement of aerobic respiration using oxygen uptake take rates. This paper shows how the thymidine assay can be used as a rapid and direct measurement of bacterial specific growth rates (mu) in situ for an anaerobic treatment process, independent of aerobic respiration. A filtration-based assay is applied and evaluated a dispersed-phase high-rate anaerobic treatment process, with results obtained in less than an hour. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) biomass in the reactor was 0.52 kg COD m(-3) and the specific growth rate of these anaerobic bacteria was 0.8 +/- 0.2 d(-1). It took the bacterial populations 21.6 hours to double. This is an important advancement from existing methods that use aerobic respiration as a pseudo measurement of bacterial specific growth rates. The method allows rapid and direct measures of microbial growth rates for anaerobic treatment processes.     

Reduction of greenhouse gases from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment by bromochloromethane in Taiwan

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L(-1) bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (< or =10 mg L(-1)) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

采用厌氧水解-好氧生物接触氧化处理医院污水

采用厌氧水解-好氧生物接触氧化处理工艺处理医院综合污水，处理量为260m^3／d，处理效果达到医疗废水的国家排放标准。     

Reduction of Greenhouse Gases from Anaerobic Piggery Wastewater Treatment by Bromochloromethane in Taiwan

Abstract

This work establishes methods of reducing the amount of methane produced from the anaerobic treatment of piggery wastewater by either reducing the storage time before solid/liquid separation or inhibiting the activity of methanogens in anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Experimental results showed these two methods can be adopted effectively to reduce methane production resulting from anaerobic piggery wastewater treatment. First, the wastewater must be processed using solid/liquid separation immediately after washing pig houses. This process can reduce by 62% the biogas production and indirectly decrease the methane production from the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. Second, adding 10 mg L^?1 bromochloromethane (BCM) daily into the anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor can significantly reduce the amount of biogas and methane produced during the anaerobic fermentation process. Furthermore, biogas production can be completely inhibited after 4 days. Adding BCM (≤10 mg L^?1) to wastewater only slightly affected the efficiency of the anaerobic wastewater treatment process. Results in this study can provide the basis for further research on reduction of the amount of methane produced from anaerobic wastewater treatments.     

Effect of initial pH control on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater containing acetic and propionic acids

In the literature most of the studies on the effect of pH on enhanced biological phosphorous removal were conducted with the acetate wastewater, and the pH was controlled during the entire anaerobic and aerobic stages. This paper investigated the influence of anaerobic initial pH control, which will be more practical than the entire process pH control strategy, on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater containing acetic and propionic acids. Typical pH profile showed that both the initial alkaline and acidic pH tended to neutralize due to the consumption of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and intracellular pH regulation by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). It was observed that the glycogen degradation and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation decreased with increasing initial pH, which disagreed with previous reports. In the literature the metabolisms of both glycogen and PHA by PAOs in the acetate wastewater were independent of pH. An anaerobic mechanism model was proposed to explain the intra- and extra-cellular pH buffer nature of PAOs, and to address the reasons for increased polyphosphate degradation and decreased PHA synthesis and glycogen degradation at higher pH. The optimal initial pH for higher soluble ortho-phosphorus (SOP) removal efficiency should be controlled between 6.4 and 7.2. This pH control strategy will be easier to use in practice of wastewater treatment plant.     

城市生活污水厌氧生物处理发展现状

回顾了国内外污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展情况,着重分析了中国城市污水的特点以及厌氧生物处理工艺在城市生活污水处理中的应用情况。     

水解酸化-厌氧-好氧法处理NF合成制药废水研究

研究了序批式水解酸化 厌氧 好氧生物处理工艺对NF合成制药废水的处理。由于NF制药废水中含有大量有毒有机化合物 ,在生物处理过程中这些有毒物质会抑制活性污泥的活性 ,因此需经过适当稀释原水以达到处理单元可接受的毒性范围。采用BODTrack快速测定了不同原水稀释条件下活性污泥呼吸曲线第一段斜率的变化 ,结果表明 ,当原水稀释 2 0倍以上后 ,对活性污泥的活性没有明显的抑制。通过批量实验 ,优化了工艺的运行条件 ,并进行了小试的连续运行。采用本工艺可以达到NF制药废水COD的稳定高效去除 ,结果显示 ,COD的去除率可达 76 %。     

淀粉废水处理方法综述

由于淀粉加工企业分布广且废水COD浓度高,淀粉废水处理方法的研究越来越受到重视。就目前国内外淀粉废水的各种处理方法和工艺进行综述,重点介绍了淀粉废水处理方面的最新研究成果,并介绍了废水资源化的一些途径。     

一种新型的污水处理设备--拼装式反应器

拼装式反应器是一种采用栓接方式将经过防腐处理的钢板现场拼接的新型的污水处理设备.反应器的设计由反应器罐体结构设计、基础设计及配套产品的嵌接设计3个方面构成;拼装式反应器与成熟的污水处理技术(如UASB、水解工艺、SBR、BAF等)的结合提高了污水处理设备的技术含量.拼装式反应器已在猪场废水、食品加工废水、制药废水、啤酒废水及城市污水等废水处理工程中得到了成功应用.