以制度保障固体废弃物的回收再利用

正世界上,一些国家通过立法明确了生产商、进口商、销售商和消费者等利益相关方在固体废弃物回收再利用中的责任,收取回收处理费,建设回收物流系统,配套税收优惠,形成了较完善的回收再利用体系。目前我国固体废弃物回收再利用的相关法律法规可执行性还不够强,覆盖面还不够广,群众环保意识较差,回收物流系统建设相对滞后。应借鉴国外先进经验,通过完善立法、制度建设和相应的税收政策,有效提升我国固体废弃物的回收再利用水平。     

高浓度含盐有机废液焚烧装置设计与工业应用

介绍了高浓度含盐有机废液焚烧装置,其使用焚烧技术处理废液,实现低污染大气排放,在伴烧一定量的天然气的同时也利用了废液的热量,并回收余热实现能源循环利用.针对传统的绝热焚烧炉膛运行过程中的耐火砖寿命短、余热回收系统易堵塞、运行不稳定等问题,该系统设计了非绝热炉膛余热回收系统.非绝热炉膛利用废液焚烧后产生的熔融盐液做炉体保...     

可持续发展的中国“造纸圈”

本文提出了可持续发展的“造纸圈”概念，它包括从原料到产品，以及污染与废弃物的处理等全过程。文中提出：应改变中国造纸工业非木材的原料结构，应确保造纸原料的森林资源的永续开发与合理利用，并应扩大企业规模，实现清洁生产和进行废纸的回收与循环利用。     

固体废弃物处理

固体废弃物粉碎分离回收 1.成果简介 　　随着我国国民经济和消费水平的迅速增长,废旧轮胎、废旧印刷线路板等被称为新工业垃圾的固体废弃物数量也逐年增加,给堆放地周围环境造成很大危害。这些废弃物作为二次资源,其中的有用成分经分离处理后具有很大的使用价值。由于缺少适用的处理技术,部分地区采取焚烧和化学手段来处理含有贵重金属的印刷线路板等废弃物,产生大量有毒污染物,对环境造成更大的危害。我们近年来致力于采用无污染的粉碎分离技术处理固体废弃物,并取得了不少实用成果。现将其中两项成果简介如下： 　　(1)废旧印刷…     

废锂离子电池的资源化利用及环境控制技术

随着电池在日常生活中的使用量越来越大,电池的产销量与日俱增,继而产生大量废弃电池的回收处理、处置问题。本文立足于废旧锂离子电池的循环利用,介绍了废锂离子电池的组成成分及当前国内外废旧电池的回收处理技术,以及由废旧电池到电池材料的"定向循环"技术,并针对在其循环利用过程中遇到的"重金属-氨氮复合废水"环境污染问题,提出了控制解决方法。     

建设循环经济型化工企业

循环经济是通过清洁生产技术、信息技术、能源综合利用技术、回收和再循环技术、资源重复利用和替代技术、环境监测技术以及网络运输技术等等,减少单位产出资源的消耗,节约使用资源;通过清洁生产,减少生产过程中污染排放甚至"零"排放;通过废弃物综合回收利用和再生利用,实现物质资源的循环使用;通过垃圾无害化处理,实现生态环境的永久平衡,最终目标是实现经济和社会可持续发展.     

建设循环经济型钢铁企业

循环经济是通过清洁生产技术、信息技术、能源综合利用技术、回收和再循环技术、资源重复利用和替代技术、环境监测技术以及网络运输技术等等,强调减少单位产出资源的消耗,节约使用资源;通过清洁生产,减少生产过程中污染排放甚至"零"排放;通过废弃物综合回收利用和再生利用,实现物质资源的循环使用;通过垃圾无害化处理,实现生态环境的永久平衡;最终目标是实现经济和社会可持续发展.     

固体废弃物的处理和再利用

本文介绍了作者关于有机固体废弃物的堆肥处理法的一些研究工作，并综述了目前国内外关于其它固体废弃物的处理与再利用的方法与经验。     

论静脉产业的法律调整

从静脉产业的概念入手，通过一系列的数据反映我国特别是河北省在工业固体废物、建筑垃圾、报废的机动车船、废旧家电、城市生活垃圾等静脉产业的实际状态和水平，并且探讨了调整静脉产业的现有法律制度及立法空白，提出了尽快出台《循环经济法》；修订《清洁生产促进法》和《固体废弃物污染防治法》；加紧制定《促进容器与包装分类回收法》、《家用电器回收法》、《建筑及材料回收法》、《食品回收法》、《垃圾回收利用法》及《绿色采购法》等立法建议。     

无缝钢管厂外排废水治理方案

针对无缝钢管厂酸洗废水pH值低、氧化铁含量高等特殊性,采用分散治理回收与集中处理回收相结合的技术方案。使处理后的水回用于生产,并采用一水多用、重复利用和循环利用的技术,提高了重复用水率,基本上实现“零排放”。     

医疗废水治理设施监测中的问题及解决办法

医院污水来源及成分复杂,含有病原性微生物、有毒、有害的物理化学污染物和放射性污染等,需建设配套的废水治理设施.为检验治理效果,加强监管,需对治理设施进行验收监测和监督性监测.在排除废水治理过程一系列问题后即可做到,监测科学合理顺利开展,废水治理设施处理的废水稳定达标排放.     

多举措集成提升电厂节水减排成效

本着分级使用、减少排放、综合利用的原则,根据现场实际情况进行综合治理,重点是增加并完善梯级利用程度,提高水资源利用效率。对除灰、输煤废水这类浊度较大的废水进行自循环利用,禁止外排;完善循环水排污水利用系统;对高含盐量化学废水进行综合利用,达到既减排又可以改善废水水质的目的。     

BETTER WATER RESOURCES THROUGH SEWERLESS SANITATION1

ABSTRACT: The water-flushed sewage system represented an advance in human sanitation when adopted in the nineteenth century but is coming under increasing criticism because it wastes water of drinking quality and sewage treatment plants do not completely clean the effluent. A number of on-site waste disposal systems are now available or under development which may eliminate the need for sewers and central treatment plants: aerobic, biological, composting, incinerating, oil-flushed, and vacuum or pressure systems. Official agencies should test them to determine if one or more can replace central sewer systems. As part of the program, the kitchen garbage grinder should be phased out.     

含油污水、钻井液废水、废弃钻井液的致突变性研究

通过鼠伤寒沙门氏菌致突变试验（ＡＭＥＳ）对江苏油田含油污水、钻井液废水、废弃钻井液的致突变性进行了研究。结果表明：在本次检测条件下，以四氢呋喃做溶剂，江苏油田含油污水、钻井液废水及废弃钻井液均具有直接及间接碱基置换致突变性。     

重量法测定含动、植物油和矿物油废水应注意的问题

废水监测中，用重量法测定污（废）水中的动、植物油和矿物油是常用方法之一。为了保证测试结果的准确性，减少误差，提高分析测试质量，作者以多年的实践经验结合塔里木油田采油厂生产污水和餐饮行业生活废水的测定，对测定两种不同含油类废水应注意的问题进行探讨。供同行在实际工作中参考。     

A CLOSED WATER REUSE SYSTEM FOR POWER PLANT COOLING AND DIGESTER HEATING1

ABSTRACT: A model consisting of closed water reuse and productive use of various types of wastes for energy generation is presented. The sewage after treatment would be used as the cooling water for power plants, and the condenser discharge therefrom be used as heating water for sludge digesters. The water is then purified for municipal water supply for continuous use. The advantages of this system are that water resources and energy are conserved while various types of wastes including waste heat are controlled. With a preliminary system analysis, it appears that the design for power plant based on the total heating value of wastes and digester capacity based on sewage sludge generation is feasible in terms of acquisition and full utilization of various types of wastes as generated in a single metropolitan area. The system as shown in this design is in balance among various factors such as the generation rate of municipal refuse, municipal sewage, waste heat in the condenser discharge, and raw sewage sludge.     

Composting and compost application in China

The current situation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sewage sludge production (in terms of volume as well as composition) in China is introduced. Composting and compost application in China are reviewed. In China, the production of municipal solid waste and sewage sludge is changing rapidly along with economic development. Composting is mainly applied for treating MSW, about 20% of the total amount of MSW being disposed. MSW composting is mainly co-composted with night soil or sewage sludge. Compost is used in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. Compost application is the key factor influencing the composting development in China. To promote composting and compost application in China, a state-wide survey on the production, composition and physical and chemical properties of MSW and sewage sludge should be carried out. More effort should be made to develop low cost and high efficient composting technologies according to China's conditions. The environmental impact of compost application should also be given more attention.     

浅谈污水处理过程中曝气对大气环境的影响

在强化污水治理力度、大力建设污水处理厂的同时,污水处理过程中产生的废气对大气环境的污染应受到关注;作者分析了污水处理曝气过程产生的废气和排放量,以及废气含有的污染物对大气环境的影响;提出了应对污水处理废气进行研究及治理的新论点。     

钟村镇城市污水处理问题及对策探讨

钟村镇城市污水处理要解决的主要问题是选址、污水现状调查(主要为水质情况)、出水水质确定、环境评价、规划、治理工艺选择、废气处理、污泥处置、噪声防治、投资评估及融资方式、污水处理收费、招标等.本文试图就这些问题结合钟村的实际进行分析探讨.     

Assessment OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY at Large Watershed Scale: Land‐Use,Anthropogenic, and Administrative Impacts

Understanding the impacts that influence water quality is critical to the development of best management practices at the large watershed scale. This study describes the spatiotemporal variation in surface water quality and identifies their main impact in the Haihe River basin, China. Multivariate statistical techniques are applied to analyze the similarities among the sampling sites and to identify the main pollution sources in surface water. Results show that: (1) the basin can be clustered into two regions, water quality being better in the mountainous vs. plain regions; (2) water quality improves due to implementation of a strict state policy on environmental pollution control, prodded by the hosting of the Olympic games in the cities of Beijing and Tianjin; and (3) agricultural and residential land uses as well as livestock‐breeding are the main sources affecting water quality in the mountainous regions, whereas rural waste discharge — including domestic waste sewage, human and animal feces, and solid waste — significantly influences water quality in the plain regions. The waste discharge of industrial factories may be a significant source of water pollution in the plain regions. Results indicate that the environmental management from pollution sinks and sources, long‐lasting legal framework, and adequate economic incentives should be improved to optimize the large‐scale watershed management under the background of the rapid development of countries like China.