铝锂合金焊缝大气腐蚀行为研究

目的研究铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝在大气环境中的腐蚀行为。方法采用电化学极化法、质量增加法、扫描电子显微镜、三维体式显微镜几种不同的表征手段对铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝在模拟海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果焊缝部位存在较为严重的应力腐蚀开裂现象,腐蚀电位比基体部位负移约0.05 V,腐蚀速率比一般基体部位明显增大。结论搅拌摩擦焊虽具有较多优点,在其他领域得到一定应用,但针对铝锂合金在海军飞机方向的应用存在缺陷,不能直接裸露使用。     

有机/无机缓蚀剂在模拟混凝土孔隙液中对钢筋缓蚀作用对比研究

目的检测和评价五种有机/无机缓蚀剂在含3.5%NaCl的模拟混凝土孔隙液(SCP)中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀效果。方法采用动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试方法。结果综合评价后可知,0.0015 mol/L的D-葡萄糖酸钠具有最好的缓蚀效果,浸泡30 d后的Rct可达到282.7^4×104Ω·cm^2,此时的IE为99.99%,对Q235碳钢在模拟海水混凝土孔隙液中的腐蚀具有最佳应用价值。结论各缓蚀剂均存在最优浓度/配比,可使钢筋在含Cl-的SCP溶液中的点蚀电位(Eb)和电荷转移电阻(Rct)显著提高,且缓蚀效率(IE)随浸泡时间的延长而增大。     

Shared control of robotic friction stir welding in the presence of imperfect joint fit-up

In this paper a shared control strategy is presented that allows a skilled operator to identify irregularities that occur during robotic friction stir welding (FSW) and assist the robotic system in producing an appropriate response. Human operators are adept at identifying disturbances; however, the complexity of the friction stir welding process makes it difficult for the operator to respond. While examining the capabilities of shared control in friction stir welding, this paper focuses on responding to defects that are caused by a lack of workpiece material during butt welding, such as gaps. A compensation strategy is presented that combines the human operator's perceptual strengths with an automated procedure for adjustment of the process parameters (i.e. travel angle and plunge depth). Experiments comparing four control strategies are performed while welding 5083-H116 aluminum. Through our experiments we demonstrate that if the FSW control task is appropriately shared between the human operator and the computer control system, the weld quality (strength) can be improved (from 9 ksi to 31 ksi for a gap size of 2.5 mm) as compared with the nominal case in which no corrections are made.     

Friction stir welding: Process,automation, and control

This article provides an introduction to the basic principles of friction stir welding (FSW) as well as a survey of the latest research and applications in the field. The basic principles covered include terminology, material flow, joint configurations, tool design, materials, and defects. Material flow is discussed from both an experimental and a modeling perspective. Process variants are discussed as well, which include self-reacting (SR-FSW), stationary shoulder, friction stir processing (FSP), friction stir spot welding (FSSW), assisted FSW, and pulsed FSW. Multiple aspects of robotic friction stir welding are covered, including sensing, control, and joint tracking. Methods of evaluating weld quality are surveyed as well. The latest applications are discussed, with an emphasis on recent advances in aerospace, automotive, and ship building. Finally, the direction of future research and potential applications are examined.     

阴极极化对高强钢焊接件应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

目的研究不同极化电位下高强钢焊接件在海水中的应力腐蚀敏感性。方法采用慢应变速率试验(SSRT)和电化学阻抗技术来判定不同极化电位条件下高强钢焊接件在海洋环境中应力腐蚀敏感性的大小,利用扫描电镜和三维视频测试技术观察试样断裂处的颈缩情况和断裂方式。结果在E corr~-0.9 V电位区间内,高强钢焊接件在海水中没有明显的应力腐蚀敏感性;在-1.1~-1.2 V电位区间内,焊接件断口出现脆性断裂特征,力学性能下降明显,具有很强的应力腐蚀敏感性。结论阴极极化对高强钢焊接件在海水中的应力腐蚀敏感性影响显著。     

纯铝在SO2气氛溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

采用扫描电镜（SEM/EDX）、失重法、交流阻抗谱和局部交流阻抗研究了纯铝1060在0.004mol/L Na2SO4 （pH=3.1）溶液中的腐蚀行为和规律。研究结果表明,纯铝1060在模拟溶液中连续浸泡720h后,材料质量损失与浸泡时间的关系符合指数规律即C=A·tⁿ;腐蚀产物形貌为不规则的团状或块状,分析表明腐蚀产物为氢氧化铝和硫酸铝水合物;交流阻抗结果显示纯铝1060腐蚀速率随浸泡时间的延长逐渐降低;局部交流阻抗图谱显示材料表面局部阻抗随时间而变化,并形成点蚀。     

船用低合金钢焊接件腐蚀行为研究

目的研究船用低合金钢焊接件在海水中的腐蚀行为。方法采用金相组织观察、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试,以及扫描振动电极技术(SVET),对船用低合金钢焊接件在天然海水中的腐蚀行为进行研究。结果船用低合金钢焊接件中热影响区与焊缝区及母材区金相组织发生明显分化,热影响区腐蚀倾向最大,耐蚀性最差,并且易与母材区形成电偶发生破坏。SVET测试结果表明,最大阳极电流出现在热影响区,随着浸泡时间的延长集中于靠近母材处。结论焊接件各区域间组织存在较大差异,热影响区成为最易发生腐蚀破坏的区域,在海水中阳极反应发生在热影响区,随浸泡时间延长电流增大,腐蚀加重。     

浸泡时间对X60钢SRB电化学腐蚀行为影响研究

利用极化曲线,电化学阻抗谱,扫描电镜,能谱分析和微生物分析等方法对X60钢在灭菌培养基和接种硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)培养基中浸泡2h和浸泡240h后的腐蚀行为进行了对比研究.结果表明:浸入初期,相比灭菌介质,含SRB介质中X60钢表面上SRB的初始吸附成膜具有一定的保护作用,这使其耐蚀性能有所提高.浸泡2h后,SRB菌落代谢过程的阴极去极化作用使X60钢表面产生明显点蚀形貌,加速了X60钢的腐蚀,使其耐蚀性能下降.     

A method for double-sided friction stir spot welding

A rotating anvil similar to a pinless friction stir welding (FSW) tool can be applied to friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of thin metal plates. FSSW is a solid-state joining process that is currently being used by automotive manufacturers as an alternative to rivets and traditional resistance spot welding. The principal detractor of this process is the keyhole left by pin extraction, which can be detrimental to the weld strength. A pinless tool can be used to eliminate the keyhole. However, this approach is limited to joining thin sheet (≤1 mm). Using a rotating anvil with the FSSW process permits the joining of thicker cross sections, improves the mechanical strength of the spot weld and reduces the reaction forces on the spot welding frame. A numerical model of the process, tensile shear tests and macrosection analysis are used to evaluate the spot welds.Macrosection and numerical analysis reveals that the material flow between the pinless tool and rotating anvil is complex and unique to this process. It has been found that the use of a rotating anvil for FSSW is a viable means to create quality spot welds in thicker weldments.     

NaCl溶液pH值对5083铝合金腐蚀的影响研究

采用电化学试验方法,结合金相组织观察、SEM、腐蚀形貌观察等,研究了在不同pH值时3％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中5083铝合金的点蚀电位、自腐蚀电位及腐蚀质量损失.研究结果表明,5083铝合金点蚀电位基本接近,自腐蚀电位存在差异,而且在强酸、强碱溶液中会发生全面均匀的腐蚀溶解;在弱酸、弱碱或偏中性溶液中由于在夹杂物及基...     

疲劳裂纹扩展对高强钢电化学性能的影响

采用线性极化、电化学交流阻抗等方法,研究了施加疲劳载荷前后高强钢在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的电化学行为.结果表明,施加疲劳载荷后,开路电位变化值在裂纹扩展过程中经历先负移后稳定最后稍有正移,由线性极化和交流阻抗拟合得到的极化电阻都呈先增大后减小的趋势.     

低合金钢实海腐蚀电化学阻抗谱研究

采用交流阻抗,结合线性极化,研究低合金钢实海全浸初期电化学阻抗谱行为。结果表明,低合金钢实海腐蚀最初1周是腐蚀最剧烈阶段;低合金钢实海腐蚀分为2个阶段,浸泡的第1周为第1阶段,阻抗值迅速减小,采用等效电路Rs（Cdl,Rt）拟合;浸泡1周之后,阻抗值变化缓慢,且呈现波动趋势,采用等效电路Rs（Cf（Rf（Cdl,Rt）））拟合。     

316L与X65在模拟流动地层水中电偶腐蚀行为

目的研究316L与X65在模拟流动地层水中电偶腐蚀行为,方法进行复合管材料X65和316L耦合在模拟流动地层水饱和CO2环境中的浸泡实验,通过电化学工作站测量电偶电流、电偶电位、开路电位及试样在不同温度和流速下极化曲线和交流阻抗图谱,另外通过电子扫描显微镜观察腐蚀形貌,对复合管电偶腐蚀行为进行分析。结果在模拟流速为0,0.2 m/s地层水中,X65耦合后的腐蚀速率分别为0.883,1.169 mm/a。结论 X65阳极反应极化程度较小,316L的阴极反应过程是整体反应速度的控制步骤。X65表面不仅发生阳极溶解,还伴随阴极反应。     

沿海地区输电铁塔防护涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

目的研究沿海地区输电铁塔防护涂层体系的腐蚀失效行为,评估涂层的防护性能,为铁塔防护涂层寿命体系评定和修复提供试验依据。方法分别采用热镀锌、热镀锌/冷涂锌复合涂层、热镀锌/带锈环氧涂层三种技术方案,对铁塔角钢材料进行防腐保护,采用中性盐雾方法模拟沿海环境对试样进行耐蚀性测试,通过试样表面形貌观察、极化曲线、以及阻抗谱等电化学手段对保护效果进行评价。结果热镀锌、热镀锌/冷涂锌复合涂层在盐雾150 h出现大面积腐蚀,热镀锌/带锈环氧涂层在盐雾2000 h未发生明显腐蚀。结论热镀锌/带锈环氧涂层的耐蚀性能优于热镀锌/冷涂锌漆和热镀锌涂层。     

Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of friction stir welded high density polyethylene sheets

Flexural strength is one of the main criteria in evaluation of the mechanical properties of polymeric joints. The flexural strength of thermoplastics, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) sheets, is influenced by friction stir welding parameters. The determination of the welding parameters plays an important role in the weld strength. In the present study, the response surface method (RSM) was used as a statistical design of experiment technique to set the optimal welding parameters. The designed tool was consisted of a rotating pin, a stationary shoulder (shoe) and a heating system inside shoe. Rotational speed of the pin, tool traverse speed and shoe temperature were considered as varying parameters. Obtained results show a significant relationship between considered properties and processing parameters through an analysis of variance (ANOVA) study and the response surface method. It was found that welding at a high level of rotational speed and a lower level of tool travel speed increases weld flexural strength by reducing size of defects.     

添加纳米SiO2空芯微球的水性丙烯酸 涂料性能研究

目的将纳米SiO_2空芯微球加入水性丙烯酸成膜物中,制备出一种性能优异的水性丙烯酸涂料。方法采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉开法附着力测试、氙灯加速老化试验、酸性盐雾试验、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)等方法对涂层的微观形貌、常规力学及电化学性能进行系统性研究。结果 SEM形貌表明,添加的玻璃微球与成膜物之间具有良好的相容性和稳定性,改性后的涂层在常温和高温环境下具有较好的附着力。盐雾试验和氙灯加速老化试验结果进一步显示改性后的涂层具有较好的耐老化性能,在酸性环境下有着较好的耐蚀性能。从电化学交流阻抗对比结果可明显观察到添加微球的水性丙烯酸涂层耐腐蚀性能提高了50%。结论将纳米SiO_2微球加入水性丙烯酸成膜物中,可有效改善水性丙烯酸涂料的环境适应性,同时能够有效提升其防腐性能。     

好氧细菌降低油田采出水对管钢腐蚀的研究

运用Tafel曲线、线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学技术研究了序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中嗜油好氧细菌对J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了腐蚀膜的形貌和成分,采用失重法测量了动态腐蚀速率.结果表明,嗜油好氧细菌加入后,J55油套管钢试样表面所成腐蚀膜的组分发生了变化,腐蚀膜的致密性增强,膜与钢基体之间的结合力增大;好氧细菌的加入显著降低了J55钢在采出水中的腐蚀速率,有菌条件下的腐蚀速率是无菌条件下的40%.此外,还对嗜油好氧菌减缓J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀速率的机理进行了分析.     

三种典型菌种复合环境下2A12铝合金的腐蚀行为研究

目的研究由硫酸盐还原菌、铁细菌、脱氮硫杆菌三种典型菌种复合环境下飞机常用材料2A12铝合金的腐蚀行为。方法实验室内菌种培养再现飞机内部封闭部位复合菌种环境,通过电化学交流阻抗、动电位极化曲线及体视显微镜对2A12铝合金的电化学性能和宏微观形貌进行表征,揭示2A12铝合金在复合菌落下腐蚀程度随时间和复合菌落的影响。结果与空白试验对比发现,复合菌种环境下,2A12铝合金表面出现明显裂缝与腐蚀坑,部分腐蚀孔隙中有腐蚀产物与微生物膜的残留。在复合菌液中,腐蚀电流密度最小为1.12×10~(-6)A/cm~2,最大为2.43×10~(-6)A/cm~2。结论三种典型菌种复合环境下,2A12铝合金的腐蚀速率是对照组的62.79倍,腐蚀深度是对照组的3.41倍,复合菌落对2A12铝合金的腐蚀影响规律与菌落种类、代谢特点及多种菌落间相互作用有关。     

热喷涂高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层热带岛礁大气环境腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究Zn-Al合金涂层在热带海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为,为低合金钢长效防护涂层的选用提供依据。方法 采用电弧热喷涂和高铝合金丝制备高铝含量Zn-Al合金涂层,通过户外暴露试验,采用目视、扫描电镜及能谱仪、金相显微镜、XRD、电化学交流阻抗谱和动电位极化曲线等方法,对不同暴露周期的涂层宏观、微观表面形貌、成分组成、截面形貌、腐蚀产物组成、电化学性能和腐蚀速率等进行观察、测试。结果Zn-Al合金涂层是以质量比为50%:50%的Zn/Al合金组成。在0～540 d周期内,涂层腐蚀产物主要由碱式锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn₆Al₂(OH)₁₆CO₃·H₂O和羟基锌铝碳酸盐化合物Zn_0.70Al_0.30(OH)₂(CO₃)_0.15·x H₂O、Zn_0.71Al_0.29(OH)₂(CO_3<...     

pH值变化对B30铜镍合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用电化学阻抗谱、动电位极化曲线等电化学测试方法,研究了NaCl（质量分数为3．5％）溶液中pH值变化对B30铜镍合金腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明：随着溶液pH值升高,B30材料的腐蚀行为由均匀腐蚀变为点蚀;材料阻抗值和瞬时腐蚀速率提高,极化电流密度降低;材料发生点蚀的倾向增大。