在线生物毒性监测系统在饮用水源地水质监测中的应用

通过对汞、镉、铬、铅和砷的生物毒性剂量效应分析,评估生物毒性监测方法在饮用水源地水质监测中的预警作用,结果显示,几种元素的生物毒性大小依次为：汞〉砷〉铅〉镉〉铬。结合南京上坝饮用水源地的生物毒性监测数据,建立动态报警限,用于评价水质安全。     

颗粒物对污染源COD水质在线监测仪比对监测的影响

污水中的颗粒物是COD在线监测仪在比对监测时出现较大误差的原因之一,就颗粒物对COD在线监测仪是否产生影响以及影响效果进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,COD在线监测仪的预处理系统去除颗粒物会带来比对监测的误差,并且随着颗粒物浓度增加,误差增大;预处理系统过滤器尺寸也会对比对监测的误差产生影响,针对同一浓度水样,孔径越大误差越小,针对同一孔径过滤器则水样浓度越高误差越小。     

开展饮用水源水质周报 深化监测服务内容

近几年来连云港市环境监测中心站在加强饮用水源水质监测工作过程中,注重提高为领导决策和环境管理综合服务的质量和效能,在开展了城市空气质量周报之后,又适时地开展了饮用水源水质周报工作,深化了监测服务内容和形式,收到了良好的效果。连云港市位于沂沭泗水系下游,天然...     

水质生物毒性在线监测技术研究进展

从生物分子、细胞、个体、种群和群落水平,系统介绍了国内外研发的水质毒性在线监测技术,归纳分析了各种技术的特点及应用,并提出了其发展前景与趋势。     

污染源水质COD在线仪器比对监测

比较了几种现场应用较多的水质COD在线监测分析与实验室分析方法在原理、方法等方面的主要差异,针对比对过程中存在的实际问题,提出了在样品采集、仪器原理选择、仪器定期校正等方面做好水质COD在线监测比对实验工作的建议。     

水质自动采样器在污染源在线监测中的应用

文章分析了我国水质自动采样器的技术现状和技术要求,指出了水质自动采样器与在线监测仪器配套使用过程中发挥的作用,在污染源减排三大体系建设中发挥的管理效能。     

大型蚤在线生物监测系统研究

近年来,世界范围内突发性废水泄漏事件频发,在引起人们对水质问题恐慌的同时,也促进了饮用水在线监测与早期污染预警系统的发展。生物监测可以对污染环境下多污染物的联合毒性进行有效评估,具有传统化学监测所不具备的优点,已成为判定水质是否对水生生物存在影响、是否符合人类安全饮用的有效依据和手段。介绍了大型蚤在线生物监测系统的多通道流通生物测试室和生物传感器系统,并对世界范围内的研究与应用情况做了研究综述。目前,采用大型蚤作为指示生物的在线监测系统已在饮用水水质监测方面成功实现,但其在工业废水接管过程中毒性评估和早期预警的研究和应用上尚有不足,有待更加深入地探讨与研究。     

博斯腾湖水质矿化度模型及预测研究

根据博斯腾湖１９８５～１９９５年水质监测数据和出入湖水量等水文数据观测值，采用水质扩散模型和盐量平衡关系推导出博斯腾湖大湖区（简称博湖）水质矿化度模型，并预测了几种情况下博湖水质矿化度及近几年变化趋势，分析了影响博湖水质矿化度的主要因素，为博湖的近期和远期环境保护规划、环境管理等提供科学依据．     

海洋水质在线监测系统中硝酸盐测量方法比较

硝酸盐是海洋水质监测的重要指标,目前在海洋水质在线监测系统中搭载的硝酸盐在线分析仪的种类较多,采用的测量原理也不尽相同.选取了 3种采用不同测量方法的代表性硝酸盐分析仪[氯化钒还原比色法硝酸盐分析仪、二乙烯三胺五乙酸还原比色法(DTPA)硝酸盐分析仪、紫外分光光度法硝酸盐分析仪],结合各自的测量原理、化学试剂特性等,就...     

乌伦古湖水质现状、变化趋势及预测

通过对乌伦古湖现状水质及近十年来水质变化趋势的评价,分析了污染成因,并采用灰色预测法预测乌伦古湖未来几年的水质状况,为区域水环境保护和水体污染防治提供科学依据。     

对水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的思考

简述了水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的必要性,分析了目前系统集成中存在的问题,以及应采取的对策。按照国家有关规范要求,对现场端的在线监测设备进行科学的综合布局,并从采水、配水、预处理、控制、分析、数据采集与传输、辅助等构成单元,提出了有关水污染源在线监测设备系统集成的方案。     

古泊善后河水质污染特征及污染来源调查

以2016—2020年古泊善后河国家和省级地表水监测网水质例行监测数据为依据,采用水质指数法(WQI)对古泊善后河水质污染状况进行综合评价;基于水质评价结果,选取影响最大的两项指标COD_Mn和TP,于2020年10月对古泊善后河开展加密监测,调查分析污染来源。结果表明,2016—2020年古泊善后河水质波动变化较大,汛期降雨对水质下降影响明显,COD_Mn、TP、COD_Cr、氟化物和BOD₅是影响古泊善后河水质的主要指标;加密监测期间,古泊善后河干流水质COD_Mn和TP指标浓度分别升高28.9%、38.3%,其中宿迁段升幅显著高于连云港段;支流水质超Ⅲ类比例为22.9%,劣Ⅴ比例为6.3%;部分乡镇生活污水直排和持续降雨将农田中高浓度污染物冲刷进河流支浜,是导致水质下降的主要原因。     

瑞平塘河氟化物污染状况调查及溯源研究

以2016—2020年地表水常规监测结果为依据,发现瑞平塘河自2017年起出现氟化物质量浓度升高现象,2020年其中1个断面氟化物质量浓度平均值达到1.25 mg/L,比2016年高出145%。为此于2021年3—6月,对瑞平塘河流域的氟化物污染状况进行实地调查并开展溯源研究。研究结果显示,2021年氟化物质量浓度超过1.0 mg/L的点位占59.34%,其中超过1.5 mg/L的点位占42.86%,表明大部分河道氟化物质量浓度已经超过水体功能区要求,对生态环境安全构成较大潜在风险。溯源调查结果表明,排除了农业源及矿山源污染的可能,乳胶制品企业排放的废水为瑞平塘河氟化物的污染来源。针对目前该行业的排放标准和环境影响评价均未提及氟化物污染,企业废水处理设施也无除氟工艺单元,缺乏有效的污染防治措施与监管要求等问题。提出,应及时组织开展该区域乳胶制品行业整治提升,增加氟化物处理工艺单元,提升出水水质,确定氟化物排放浓度限值,并对该行业排放标准做进一步研究和完善等建议。     

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing in support of the EU water framework directive (WFD): A case study in the Gulf of Finland

Water quality monitoring using remote sensing has been studied in Finland for many years. But there are still few discussions on water quality monitoring using remote sensing technology in support of water policy and legislation in Finland under the WFD. In this study, we present water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the Gulf of Finland, and focus on the spatial distribution of water quality information from satellite-based observations in support of water policy by a case study of nitrate concentrations in surface waters. In addition, we briefly describe instruments using a system of river basin districts (RBD), highlighting the importance of integrated water resources and river-basin management in the WFD, and discuss the role of water quality monitoring using remote sensing in the implementation of water policy in Finland under the WFD.     

兴盐界河民主村断面水环境质量溯源调查分析

以民主村断面上游为研究对象,利用有机物非靶向筛查技术,结合现场快速筛查、实验室分析及现场实地勘查结果,判断重点监测区域污染情况,并使用卫星遥感、无人机及现场排查对民主村断面所在的兴盐界河开展全流域排查。结果表明,兴盐界河沿线排污口众多,民主村断面汇水区域及兴盐界河沿线广泛受到养殖业、生活源、种植业污染,河内源污染严重,加之水流不畅、汛期放大污染等自然因素,导致断面水质无法稳定达标,全年平均水质超Ⅲ类。     

Water quality assessment of Ogun river, South West Nigeria

The quality of Ogun river in South-West, Nigeria was studied by a field survey for a period of 1 year (covering dry season and rainy season). Water samples were collected from thirteen sites and analysed for physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters as well as heavy metals using standard methods. Generally, the values obtained for turbidity, phosphate, oil and grease, iron and faecal coliform from all the sites in both seasons were above the maximum acceptable limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Also, the manganese content from all the sites in the dry season, lead concentrations from three sites in the dry season and cadmium concentrations from some sites in both seasons were above the WHO limit. The values obtained for total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen and chloride at site M in the dry season and nitrate at site J in the rainy season were also above the WHO limit. Pollution of Ogun river water along its course is evidenced by the high concentrations of pollution indicators, nutrients and trace metals above the acceptable limit. This poses a health risk to several rural communities who rely on the river primarily as their source of domestic water. The study showed a need for continuous pollution monitoring programme of surface waters in Nigeria.     

在线自动监测与手工分析地表水总氮的可比性研究

对比浙江省地表水水质自动监测站总氮在线监测与实验室手工方法,分析进口水质总氮自动监测仪在国内的适用性以及与手工方法的可比性。结果表明,一些国外引进的自动监测仪在国内使用时要根据我国水体的实际情况在实验条件上作一定的改进,改进后的监测数据与手工方法才具有可比性。     

Critical Sampling Points Methodology: Case Studies of Geographically Diverse Watersheds

Only with a properly designed water quality monitoring network can data be collected that can lead to accurate information extraction. One of the main components of water quality monitoring network design is the allocation of sampling locations. For this purpose, a design methodology, called critical sampling points (CSP), has been developed for the determination of the critical sampling locations in small, rural watersheds with regard to total phosphorus (TP) load pollution. It considers hydrologic, topographic, soil, vegetative, and land use factors. The objective of the monitoring network design in this methodology is to identify the stream locations which receive the greatest TP loads from the upstream portions of a watershed. The CSP methodology has been translated into a model, called water quality monitoring station analysis (WQMSA), which integrates a geographic information system (GIS) for the handling of the spatial aspect of the data, a hydrologic/water quality simulation model for TP load estimation, and fuzzy logic for improved input data representation. In addition, the methodology was purposely designed to be useful in diverse rural watersheds, independent of geographic location. Three watershed case studies in Pennsylvania, Amazonian Ecuador, and central Chile were examined. Each case study offered a different degree of data availability. It was demonstrated that the developed methodology could be successfully used in all three case studies. The case studies suggest that the CSP methodology, in form of the WQMSA model, has potential in applications world-wide.     

平原河网区水源地异味物质应急监测案例分析

平原河网区河流纵横交错,污染物质的迁移途径复杂多变,其内水源地突发性污染事故的应急监测难度大。以江苏省近期发生的一起水源地污染事故为典型案例,分析了污染物浓度沿程的变化特征以及典型断面污染物浓度的变化特征,总结事件处置的经验,为同类事件的处理提供借鉴。