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《资源开发与市场》杂志重点刊登国内自然与社会经济资源方面的科学理论成果,资源与环境、资源管理、资源开发利用与保护等创新性科研成果。1.本刊设置有5个栏目:方法与应用、资源与环境、经济与管理、开发与利用、文化与旅游,请投稿时参考。     

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《资源开发与保护》杂志今天与广大读者见面了,这个杂志是资源开发与保护方面的学术性和普及性相结合的刊物。它的方针任务是:在马列主义、毛泽东思想指导下,贯彻党和国家有关方针政策,“古为今用、洋为中用、百花齐放、百家争鸣”,进行有关资源调查、合理开发利用及保护等方面的学术交流,普及和宣传有关资源科学和技术知识,为促进资源开发、综合利用与保护工作的发展服务。     

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正《资源开发与市场》重点刊登国内自然与社会经济资源方面的科学理论成果,资源与环境、资源管理、资源开发利用与保护等创新性科研成果。1.本刊设置有5个栏目:方法与应用、资源与环境、经济与管理、开发与利用、旅游资源,请投稿时参考。     

四川古镇旅游资源的开发现状与发展建议

具有古老独特的建筑外观和丰富文化内涵的古镇逐渐作为旅游资源被开发利用,成为一种新兴的旅游类型.随着古镇旅游资源的开发与利用,四川省内的古镇旅游日趋火爆.目前四川在古镇旅游资源开发过程中,还存在许多需要思考和改进的地方,如风格千篇一律、旅游策划单一、保护意识淡薄等.针对四川古镇旅游资源的开发现状提出了相应的发展建议,坚持开发与保护并行,合理利用古镇旅游资源,实现可持续发展.     

武陵源风景名胜区生态环境建设现状及对策

风景名胜区的开发存在的主要问题是:有限的资源面临着旅游市场迅速扩张的巨大压力;而重复建设和盲目粗放式开发更加重了资源供需失衡.正确处理自然生态资源的保护与开发的关系就成为风景区可持续发展的基础.本文试就这些问题,以武陵源风景名胜区的生态环境建设为例来探讨旅游资源的合理开发、保护和利用的正确途径.     

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正《资源开发与市场》重点刊登国内自然与社会经济资源方面的科学理论成果,资源与环境、资源管理、资源开发利用与保护等创新性科研成果。1.本刊设置有5个栏目:方法与应用、资源与环境、经济与管理、开发与利用、文化与旅游,请投稿时参考。2.文章题目不超过20个汉字,超过20字可用副标题;正文中各级标     

四川旅游资源利用中的失策与对策

资源及遗产利用保护管理中的政府失灵 　　四川在旅游资源与自然文化遗产的保护上出现了政府失灵.主要表现在:四川省旅游发展总体规划的框架下缺乏进一步的区域性旅游资源发展总规划;旅游资源系统本底调查的科学保护工作没有纳入政府的议事日程;缺乏一支稳定的旅游景观资源系统调查、持续管理的专家队伍,因此造成了许多区域开发先于规划,资源本底不清、特色不明,开发缺乏科学定位,开发项目趋同.政府在将自然文化遗产(包括一些属于自然保护区范围)的开发经营权转让给企业时忽视保护权、监督权,造成自然遗产的开发和保护脱节. 　　……     

王莽岭地质公园旅游资源类型及开发建议

建立地质公园是保护地质遗迹资源、普及地学知识、促进旅游发展的一种形式.目前,地质公园旅游资源的不合理开发给公园的可持续发展造成了巨大压力.以山西陵川王莽岭国家地质公园为例,对公园内地质遗迹资源类型进行了系统论述,对人文资源和植物资源进行了概括.针对公园建设和资源开发现状,重点提出了地质遗迹保护和旅游资源开发建议.     

投稿须知

《资源开发与市场》重点刊登国内自然与社会经济资源方面的科学理论成果,资源与环境、资源管理、资源开发利用与保护等创新性科研成果。1.本刊设置有5个栏目:方法与应用、资源与环境、经济与管理、开发与利用、文化与旅游,请投稿时参考。2.文章题目不超过20个汉字,超过20字可用副标题;正文中各级标题不超过15字。中英文摘要250—300字(单词),中英文关键词3—8个。     

雁荡山旅游资源开发与保护

雁荡山位于浙江省温州市东北部的乐清市，具有丰富的旅游资源。阐述了雁荡山的地质景观资源、人文景观资源和生态资源，以及旅游景区建设与发展现状、旅游资源开发和保护，提出了雁荡山游览区开发、科学考察区开发、游息区开发和地质遗迹保护、生态保护和史迹保护的具体措施和办法。     

Informal Institutional Responses to Government Interventions: Lessons from Madhupur National Park,Bangladesh

Madhupur National Park is renowned for severe resource ownership conflicts between ethnic communities and government authorities in Bangladesh. In this study, we applied the Institutional Analysis and Development framework to identify: (i) past and present informal institutional structures within the ethnic Garo community for land resource management; (ii) the origin of the land ownership dispute; (iii) interaction mechanisms between formal and informal institutions; and (iv) change in land management authority and informal governance structures. We identify that the informal institutions of the traditional community have undergone radical change due to government interventions with implications for the regulation of land use, informal institutional functions, and joint-decision-making. Importantly, the government’s persistent denial of the role of existing informal institutions is widening the gap between government and community actors, and driving land ownership conflicts in a cyclic way with associated natural resource degradation.     

Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay

This paper describes the results of field research to dissect how social interactions differ between two reserves in Paraguay having very different styles of governance. The two reserves were Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque de Mbaracayú, RNBM) and San Rafael Managed Resource Reserve (Reserva de Recursos Manejados San Rafael, RRMSR). RNBM is a private reserve owned by a non-governmental organisation, while RRMSR is a publicly-managed reserve, albeit with a substantial degree of private land ownership. Both reserves are intended to protect Atlantic Forest, one of the five world biodiversity 'hotspots', and also one of the most highly threatened. Each reserve and its buffer zone comprises a set of stakeholders, including indigenous communities and farmers, and the paper explores the interactions between these and the management regime. Indeed, while the management regimes of the two reserves are different, one being highly top-down (RNBM) and the other more socially inclusive (RRMSR), the issues that they have to deal with are much the same. However, while both management regimes will readily acknowledge the need to address poverty, inequality appears to be a far more sensitive issue. Whereas this may be expected for the privately-owned RNBM it is perhaps more surprising in RRMSR even when allowing for the fact that much of the land in the latter is in private hands. It is argued that the origins of this sensitivity rest within the broader features of Paraguayan society, and the prevalence of private land ownership. Yet ironically, it is the inequality in land ownership that is perhaps the most significant threat to conservation in both reserves. Therefore, while reserve-level analyses can provide some insight into the driving forces at play in the interaction between conservation and sustainable management, larger scales may be necessary to gain a fuller appreciation of the dynamics operating at site level. Even in a society with a history of centralised control these dynamics may be surprising.     

Ecological approach to resource survey and planning for environmentally significant Areas: The ABC method

A resource survey and planning method for parks, reserves, and other environmentally significant areas (ESAs) is presented in the context of a holistic balanced approach to land use and environmental management. This method provides a framework for the acquisition, analysis, presentation, and application of diverse ecological data pertinent to land use planning and resource management within ESAs. Through the independent analysis and subsequent integration of abiotic, biotic, and cultural or ABC information, land areas within an ESA are identified in terms of their relative environmental significance and environmental constraints. The former term encompasses wildlife, historic, and other resource values, while the latter term reflects biophysical hazards and sensitivities, and land use conflicts. The method thus calls for a matching of an ESA's distinctive attributes with appropriate land use and institutional arrancements through an analysis of available acts, regulations, agencies, and other conservation and land use management mechanisms. The method culminates with a management proposal showing proposed park or reserve allocations, buffer areas, or other land use controls aimed at preserving an ESA's special ecological qualities, while providing for resource development. The authors suggest that all resource management decisions affecting ESA's should be governed by a philosophical stance that recognizes a spectrum of broad land use types, ranging from preservation to extractive use and rehabilitation.     

Perceptions and attitudes of land managers in multi-tenure reserve networks and the implications for conservation

Multi-tenure reserve networks aim to connect areas managed for biodiversity conservation across public and private land and address the impacts of fragmentation on both biotic and social systems. The operation and function of Australian multi-tenure reserve networks as perceived by their land managers was investigated. Overall, the conservation of natural assets was the most frequently reported primary reason for involvement in a network. The perceived aims of the respective networks largely reflected the response identified for involvement and management. Over 88% of managers considered their involvement in multi-tenure reserve networks to be a positive or very positive experience. A lack of resources and time for management were considered major limitations of these networks. The majority (80%) of private land managers within networks were willing to be included in a national reserve system of conservation lands. As the Australian National Reserve System currently incorporates mostly public land, these findings have important and potentially positive implications for a greater role for protected private land.     

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND/WATER RESOURCES: THE EVERGLADES,AGRICULTURE, AND SOUTH FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: South Florida and the Everglades have been under intensive development since 1850 by Federal and State governments who encouraged and financed extensive drainage and hydraulic changes, primarily for agricultural settlement. Agricultural development of the sugar industry in the northern Everglades adjacent to Lake Okeechobee rapidly progressed only after the 1900s. Political and resource management conflicts have arisen because policies which once favored development are now being reversed by policies and regulation efforts to restore and conserve natural ecosystems. Currently, the environmental and ecological impacts of agricultural land use adjacent to natural wtlands of the Everglades are being assessed. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to outline the historical development of south Florida and the sugar industry, (2) to relate this history to political and management policy changes occurring as it pertains to ecosystem restoration and the multiuser competition for water/land resources, and (3) to propose how integrated resource management might be utilized for a sustainable Everglades and south Florida. This paper outlines the historical paradox of urban settlement, land development, and agricultural production, with efforts in the recent decade to acquire, manage, and preserve land and water resources for natural areas conservation. Only though the use of integrated resource management will the defined resource conflicts be mediated.     

Success Factors for Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM): Lessons from Kenya and Australia

Recent concerns over a crisis of identity and legitimacy in community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) have emerged following several decades of documented failure. A substantial literature has developed on the reasons for failure in CBNRM. In this paper, we complement this literature by considering these factors in relation to two successful CBNRM case studies. These cases have distinct differences, one focusing on the conservation of hirola in Kenya on community-held trust land and the other focusing on remnant vegetation conservation from grazing pressure on privately held farm land in Australia. What these cases have in common is that both CBNRM projects were initiated by local communities with strong attachments to their local environments. The projects both represent genuine community initiatives, closely aligned to the original aims of CBNRM. The intrinsically high level of “ownership” held by local residents has proven effective in surviving many challenges which have affected other CBNRM projects: from impacts on local livelihoods to complex governance arrangements involving non-government organizations and research organizations. The cases provide some signs of hope among broader signs of crisis in CBNRM practice.     

Private Property Rights and Selective Private Forest Conservation: Could a Nordic Hybrid Policy Address a United States Problem?

Political and legal conflicts between the need for targeted private forest conservation and the continued assurance of private property rights in the U.S. presents a seemingly intractable resource management problem. Scandinavian use of habitat protection areas on private forests offers an additional tool that may be suitable for solving the historical and on-going tension found within U.S. efforts to reconcile desires to maintain lands in a forested condition while also respecting private property rights. This article presents a comparative cross-sectional policy analysis of Sweden, Finland, and the U.S., supported with a supplemental case example from the Commonwealth of Virginia. Similarities in all three countries among forest ownership patterns, use of public subsidies, and changing attitudes towards conservation are generally encouraging. Additionally, Virginia’s current consideration and development of state-wide forest policies focused on forestland and open space conservation suggests both a need and an opportunity to systematically assess the applicability of the Nordic forest reserve approach to local private forest conservation. Future research at a high-resolution, and specifically at the state level, should focus on the social and political factors that would ultimately determine the viability of a forest reserve program.     

Toward Sustainable Management of National Parks in Japan: Securing Local Community and Stakeholder Participation

Japan’s national park system constitutes a potentially viable mechanism for securing local community participation and building stakeholder consensus for sustainable park management, although the potential of this system is yet to be fully maximized. This article gives an overview of the system of protecting natural resources in Japan, focusing on the national park system. Parks are managed by zoning and regulation, which is unique in that land is not “set aside” for nature conservation, but designated as national park wherever the need to preserve “scenic beauty” has been recognized, regardless of land ownership or land use. Although resource conservation under this system has been problematic, it has advantages, especially in terms of community participation. This article demonstrates that in order to reach the system’s potential, the park authority must act as coordinator of stakeholders and facilitator of bottom-up approaches to decision-making. In order to do this, steps that must be taken include the following: identifying the various stakeholders in park management and defining the “local community”; clarifying the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder; and supporting consensus-building among stakeholders regarding the objectives and long-term vision of each park. By taking these steps, it would be possible to build a park management system that overrides government boundaries and involves local communities. This will enable the park authority to address the challenges facing Japan’s complex system of conserving natural resources, and move towards sustainable management of natural resources in Japan.     

Natural resource degradation in a small watershed in Nepal

Amid growing concern about the conservation of renewable natural resources, the process, extent and symptoms of their degradation are examined with specific reference to the Upper Pokhara Valley. Based on a household survey, field observations, informal deliberations and land use analysis, the results of this study reveal that forests and grazing land have been subject to increasing degradation caused by demographic, socioeconomic and institutional factors. The intensity of degradation varies by watershed. In particular, rainfed pakho land on steep slopes is under the severe threat of accelerating soil erosion, despite the construction of terraces. This calls for the formulation of a comprehensive natural resource conservation strategy which should be based on a framework comprising an integrated population control programme, planned land use changes and institutional reforms .     

Wildfire Risk Management on a Landscape with Public and Private Ownership: Who Pays for Protection?

Wildfire, like many natural hazards, affects large landscapes with many landowners and the risk individual owners face depends on both individual and collective protective actions. In this study, we develop a spatially explicit game theoretic model to examine the strategic interaction between landowners’ hazard mitigation decisions on a landscape with public and private ownership. We find that in areas where ownership is mixed, the private landowner performs too little fuel treatment as they “free ride”—capture benefits without incurring the costs—on public protection, while areas with public land only are under-protected. Our central result is that this pattern of fuel treatment comes at a cost to society because public resources focus in areas with mixed ownership, where local residents capture the benefits, and are not available for publicly managed land areas that create benefits for society at large. We also find that policies that encourage public expenditures in areas with mixed ownership, such as the Healthy Forest Restoration Act of 2003 and public liability for private values, subsidize the residents who choose to locate in the high-risk areas at the cost of lost natural resource benefits for others.