几种有色废水混凝脱色实验研究——PAC与PAA复配法处理印染废水研究

本文以棉纺织印染废水为主要研究对象,采用无机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＣ与有机高分子絮凝剂ＰＡＡ复配使用,对印染废水、二硝基重氮酚（Ｄ．Ｄ．Ｎ．Ｐ）起爆药废水、造纸中段水及呋吗醋酮制药废水等进行脱色实验。试验结果表明：ＰＡＣ与ＰＡＡ的复配使用对印染废水具有优良的脱色性能,色度去除率达８０％以上,ＣＯＤ可降低２０～３０％。所用絮凝剂对这几种有色废水具有一定的广谱脱色性能,有较好的工业应用潜力。     

UASB—接触氧化法处理沤麻废水的研究

本试验采用ＵＡＳＢ—接触氧化工艺对沤麻废水的处理进行了研究，系统启动两个月后达到稳定的处理效果，厌氧段进水ＣＯＤ浓度为７００ｍｇ／１，有机负荷为９．２５ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ３·ｄ，停留时间为２４小时，ＣＯＤ去除率可达到８９．３％，好氧段接触氧化池的有机负荷为２．ＩｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ３·ｄ，处理时间为１０小时，整个系统总的ＣＯＤ去除率可达到９７％，该工艺是处理高浓度沤麻废水行之有效的方法。     

粉煤灰处理印染废水的现状及分析

本文综述了粉煤友在印染废水中的应用。粉煤灰作为吸附剂可直接处理印染废水，处理效率较低，改性后粉煤灰可提高吸附性；利用粉煤灰的混凝作用对COD的去除率一般为50％-60％，色度去除率为80％左右；当粉煤灰与铁屑产生电化学作用时，用于印染废水预处理是行之有效的；作为印染废水助凝助沉剂，结合其他工艺，可使印染废水中COD和色度去除率分别达到90％和95％以上，并列举了粉煤灰处理印染废水成功的实例。但仍应加强理论研究，解决工程与设备问题是今后的工作方向。     

利用煤吸附处理含铬废水及生活污水的试验研究

本文研究了四川白皎无烟煤用于生活污水、含铬废水和乐果生产废水的处理。在静态条件下,煤对生活污水中的ＣＯＤ去除率为１２％;对乐果生产废水的脱色率大于６３８％;在含铬工业废水在浓度为３５２６×１０－５ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３时Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的去除率为９０％左右。考察了固液比、温度、浓度和酸度等对煤吸附Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）的影响,并发现吸附量ｑ与时间ｔ之间遵从如下的定量关系：ｑ＝４７６８５（１＋２１２５６ｔ）－１或ｑ＝２１３５１［１－ｅｘｐ（－０５０１６ｔ）］０３８３８     

印染废水快速处理初步研究

采用活性反应柱处理的方法对印染废水进行处理。结果表明：采用原水pH,经活性反应柱处理2h,出水pH值调为8的条件下,其CODcr的含量可以从600mg/L降到92mg／L,去除率为84／67％,色度从500降到20,去除率为96％,出水达到国家排放一级标准。     

铝阳极脉冲电化学法处理难降解印染废水的实验研究

研究铝阳极脉冲电化学法处理印染废水的可行性及处理效果。试验结果表明:电絮凝法对废水的色度和COD具有良好的去除效果。实验确定的电絮凝法处理条件为:电流强度2A,电解时间90min,色度和COD的去除率最高分别为95%和92%。     

臭氧高级氧化法处理染料废水的研究

采用臭氧高级氧化技术对某染料废水进行处理,探究不同条件对染料废水COD以及色度的去除效果的影响,确定最佳工艺条件。在最佳条件下,采用单独臭氧、单独紫外、臭氧-紫外、臭氧-双氧水以及臭氧-铁炭五种氧化方法对染料废水进行处理。结果表明:臭氧氧化技术最佳条件为pH值=8,臭氧流量80 L/h,反应时间为2 h;采用最佳处理方案,采用臭氧-紫外高级氧化技术处理染料废水,其脱色率为98.3%,COD去除率为67.0%。     

某公司印染废水处理工程实例

某公司采用“一级混凝沉淀一水解酸化-A／O法-二级混凝沉淀”工艺处理印染废水,工程日常运行结果表明,在废水主要指标CODQ为660～690mg／L、色度为1200倍时,处理后出水COD0为70-90mg／L,色度为28-35倍,CODo的去除率为86％-89％,色度的去除率约为97％。废水处理系统综合电耗0．8kW·h／t污水,废水处理总运行费用2．2元／t污水,具有较好的技术经济指标。     

超声/臭氧氧化处理含酚废水实验研究

在实验装置上对超声/臭氧联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。考察了废水初始pH值、反应时间、臭氧通入量、超声功率等因素对酚去除率的影响。研究表明,超声辐射在臭氧氧化过程中起加速反应的作用,而且随着超声功率的增大,加速反应的能力增强;废水初始pH值为11时酚去除效果最佳;随着臭氧通入量的增大、反应时间的延长,酚去除率不断增大;超声/臭氧处理酚废水过程中酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

改性凹土处理印染废水的研究

文章讨论了凹凸棒土的热处理改性方法，利用改性凹凸棒土对印染废水进行吸附脱色和降低COD性能研究，考察了改性温度、pH值、凹凸棒土投加量、吸附时间等因素的影响。结果表明：改性凹凸棒土对印染废水CODcr和色度有较好的去除能力，CODcr的去除率可达80％，脱色率可达98％以上，具有工业应用前景。     

柠檬酸废水处理改造工程实例

采用多级内循环厌氧反应器MIC/上升式厌氧反应器UASB串联工艺处理柠檬酸生产排放的高浓度有机废水,其中厌氧处理段的COD去除率＞94％,整体COD去除率可达98.3％左右.最终排放口出水COD平均值为190 mg/L,pH值为6～9,达到柠檬酸行业废水排放标准.     

压裂返排液生物处理实验研究

从油田压裂返排液中筛选出EB系列菌种,可高效降解压裂返排液中的高分子和有机污染物。考察了振荡时间、温度、接种量、菌种混合比例等对压裂返排液COD去除率的影响。结果表明:48h振荡、25℃、10%接种量、菌种EB1和EB2按1∶1比例混合是较佳应用条件。EB复合菌种的应用范围较广,其pH值适用范围为6～9,矿化度适用范围为3 000～20 000mg/L。该研究提高了压裂返排液生物处理技术规模化应用的可行性。     

IABR-IBAF工艺处理猪场稳定塘废水的实验研究

难降解有机物含量高且碳氮比失调是造成养猪场稳定塘废水难于处理的主要原因。本文采用基于固定化微生物技术的厌氧折流板（IABR）与曝气生物滤池（IBAF）组合工艺处理稳定塘废水,对比了IABR-IABF组合工艺与单一IBAF工艺的处理效果,研究了碱度和碳源对硝化反硝化过程的影响。组合工艺平均进水COD1532．6mg／L,平均出水为332．7mg／L,去除率为78％,NH3-N平均进水538．6mg／L,平均出水为12．3mg／L,去除率97．7％。以新鲜废水做反硝化阶段的碳源时TN去除率93％,可有效解决脱氮过程中的碳源成本问题。     

Relationships between anaerobic consortia and removal efficiencies in an UASB reactor degrading 2,4 dichlorophenol (DCP)

To gain more insight into the interactions between anaerobic bacteria and reactor performances (chemical oxygen demand-COD, 2,4 dichlorophenol-2,4 DCP removals, volatile fatty acid-VFA, and methane gas productions) and how they depended on operational conditions the microbial variations in the anaerobic granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating 2,4 DCP was studied. The study was composed of two parts. In the first part, the numbers of methanogens and acedogens in the anaerobic granular sludge were counted at different COD removal efficiencies. The relationships between the numbers of methanogens, the methane gas production and VFA production were investigated. The COD removal efficiencies increased to 74% from 30% while the number of total acedogens decreased to 10 from 30 cfu ml(-1). The number of total methanogens and acedogens varied between 11 x 10(3) and 10 x 10(9)MPN g(-1) and 10 and 30 cfu ml(-1) as the 2,4 DCP removal efficiencies were obtained between 60% and 99%, respectively. It was seen that, as the number of total acedogens decreased, the COD removal efficiencies increased. However, the number of total methanogens increased as the COD removal efficiencies increased. Correlations between the bacterial number and with the removal efficiencies obtained in different operational conditions were investigated. From the results presented in this paper a high correlation between the number of bacteria, COD removals, methane gas percentage, 2,4 DCP removals and VFA was observed. In the second part, methanogen bacteria in the anaerobic granular sludge were identified. Microbial observations and biochemical tests were applied to identify the anaerobic microorganisms from the anaerobic granular sludge. In the reactor treating 2,4 DCP, Methanobacterium bryantii, Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanococcus voltae, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosarcina acetivorans, Methanogenium bourgense and Methanospirillum hungatei were identified.     

人工湿地塘床系统净化地表水的试验研究

成都市活水公园人工湿地塘床系统对枯水期府河水中的ＣＯＤｃｒ,ＢＯＤ５,ＴＮ,ＴＰ,ｏｉｌ,ＬＡＳ,Ａｒ－ＯＨ,ＮＨ３,Ｓ＾２－等污染物的去除率在８５％以上,总大肠菌群的去除率达９９．９％以上,其净化效果能够满足净化地表水或污水深度处理的需要。由此可见,人工湿地塘床系统是一种生态滤池。     

Optimization of Fenton's oxidation of chemical laboratory wastewaters using the response surface methodology

Establishing a treatment process for practical and economic disposal of laboratory wastewaters has become an urgent environmental concern of the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (State University of Maringá), Brazil. Fenton and related reactions are potentially useful oxidation processes for destroying toxic organic compounds in water. In these reactions, hydrogen peroxide is combined with ferrous or ferric iron in the presence or absence of light to generate hydroxyl radicals (.OH). The feasibility of Fenton's reagent to treat waste chemicals from an academic research laboratory was investigated in this study. A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the Fenton oxidation process conditions using chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as the target parameter to optimize, and the reagent concentrations, as related to the initial concentration of organic matter in the effluent, and pH as the control factors to be optimized. Maximal COD removal (92.3%) was achieved when wastewater samples were treated at pH 4 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and iron in the ratios [COD]:[H2O2]=1:9 and [H2O2]:[Fe2+]=4.5:1. Under these conditions, it was possible to obtain simultaneously maximal COD removal and minimal chemical sludge after treatment, which is a residue that needs further processing.     

The removal of lignin and phenol from paper mill effluents by electrocoagulation

This study aims to investigate the treatment of paper mill effluents using electrocoagulation. Removal of lignin, phenol, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) from paper mill effluents was investigated at various current intensities by using different electrodes (Al and Fe) and at various electrolysis times (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5min). It was observed that the experiments carried out at 12V, an electrolysis time of 2min and a current intensity of 77.13mA were sufficient for the removal of these pollutants with each electrode. The removal capacities of the process using an Al electrode were 80% of lignin, 98% of phenol, 70% of BOD, and 75% of COD after 7.5min. Using an Fe electrode the removal capacities were 92%, 93%, 80% and 55%, respectively. In addition, it was found that removal of lignin, phenol, BOD and COD increased with increasing current intensity. In the experiments carried out at different current intensities, higher removal can be explained through a decrease in intra-resistance of solution and consequently an increase at the transfer speed of organic species to electrodes. It was also found that Al electrode performs higher efficiency than Fe electrode except for COD removal. However, the time required for removal of BOD was more than that of COD. The results suggest that electrocoagulation could be considered as an effective alternative to paper mill effluents treatment.     

颗粒活性炭载体新型生物转盘去除生活污水中COD和NH3-N的研究

开发一种改进型生物转盘处理生活污水，将盘片改为转笼状，并向其中加入颗粒活性发作为载体，研究该系统对生活污水的处理效果。结果表明：在转盘转速为15rpm和HRT分别为10h、8h、6h、4．5h情况下，进水COD平均浓度约为223mg／L，出水COD平均浓度分别为15．6、17．9、23．4、28．2mg/L，平均去除率为93．0％、91．9％、89．5％、86．6％；进水NH3-N平均浓度约为22mg／L，出水NH3-N平均浓度分别为0．32、1．13、2．30、5．71mg／L，平均去除率为98．5％、94．8％、89．7％、74．6％。     

油田高盐浓度废水对其生化处理的影响

根据油田压裂液废水中的盐浓度对生化处理系统的影响,对生化处理系统中活性污泥的生物学变化规律进行了实验研究。结果表明:当废水中盐浓度低于2.5×104mg/L时,废水生化处理系统对COD的去除率可稳定在92%左右,污泥活性良好;当废水中盐浓度达到2.5×104mg/L时,污泥活性开始受到抑制,COD去除率急剧下降(稳定在80%左右);当盐浓度达到3.5×104mg/L时,COD去除率下降到60%左右;当废水中盐浓度达到6.0×104mg/L时,污泥活性系统趋于崩溃。     

利用连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水的试验研究

在对污水进行回用处理时,须开发一种处理效果好、投资省、运行费用低、易管理的污水处理工艺,本试验研究采用改进的连续-间歇曝气工艺处理生活污水。经过4个多月的运行试验,结果表明:该工艺流程简单,无须预沉池、调节池和二沉池;对生活污水中COD的去除效果较好,在除磷脱氮方面都取得了理想的处理效果,COD去除率可达90.6%,氨氮去除率可达70.8%,总磷去除率可达96.1%。