Quantification of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emitted from pig buildings in Korea

The aim of this field study was to determine the concentrations and emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in different types of pig buildings in Korea to allow objective comparison between pig housing types in Korea and other countries. Concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the pig buildings averaged 7.5ppm and 286.5ppb and ranged from 0.8 to 21.4ppm and from 45.8 to 1235ppb, respectively. The mean emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide per pig (normalized to 75kg liveweight) and area (m2) from pig buildings were 250.2 and 37.8mg/h/pig and 336.3 and 50.9mg/h/m2, respectively. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations and emissions were higher in the pig buildings managed with deep-pit manure systems with slats and mechanical ventilation than in other housing types.     

Perceiving Land-Degrading Activities from the Lay Perspective in Northern China

Investigation into local peoples’ perceptions can produce useful information that could be incorporated into the decision-making process to help resolve environmental problems. Within the arena of land degradation, a number of studies have also been conducted to explore local peoples’ views of the problem. However, the perceptions of land-degrading practices of the general public have so far not been actively solicited. This study aimed to contribute to this area of research by adopting the psychometric scaling technique to empirically explore the lay public’s ecological risk perceptions of land-degrading activities in Minqin County in Gansu Province, northern China. The primary data were collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1,138) administered between 14 and 31 December 2002. The major findings of the survey were: (1) Respondents perceived the ecological risks posed by different land-degrading activities to be different. (2) There was a considerable incongruence in the way in which mining of groundwater was conceived by experts and laymen, respectively. (3) Respondents were pretty unsure of expert knowledge. (4) Respondents’ ecological risk perceptions were significantly affected by their personal attributes. As far as the policy implications of these findings are concerned, this study accentuates that we must be aware of, and involved in, the environmental perceptions of the lay public in order to succeed in guiding any human-environment tensions along more sustainable trajectories and navigating the transition to sustainability.     

Perceiving the Environment from the Lay Perspective in Desertified Areas,Northern China

Investigating local people’s environmental perceptions can produce useful information that could be incorporated into decision making processes that help resolve environmental problems. Although China is undergoing severe desertification, the perceptions of the local people toward their degraded environment and the related issues have so far not been actively solicited. This article, which is a supplement to Lee and Zhang’s (2004, 2005) studies, seeks to further investigate the lay public’s general environmental attitudes, perceptions of desertification, interpretations of land-degrading activities, and particularly their interrelations in severely desertified areas. Minqin County in Gansu Province, northern China, was chosen to be the study area. Data was collected via a questionnaire survey (n = 1138) administered in December 2002. Major findings were: (1) Most respondents had only weak altruistic environmental attitudes, with educational level to be a significant determinant. (2) Respondents’ perceptions of desertification and interpretations of land-degrading activities were contingent on personal attributes, general environmental attitudes, and other conceptions related to desertification. It is recommended that the interrelations between the various aspects of the public’s environmental perceptions should be thoroughly examined to facilitate their participation in environmental management.     

我国城市垃圾资源化初探

随着社会经济的发展以及城市化进程的加快,我国城市垃圾日益增多而自然资源日益匮乏。若能将垃圾资源化,这不仅可以减少垃圾对环境的污染,又可以节约资源,创造资源。作者就我国城市有资源化的现状,力以及对策等进行了探讨。     

西部开发中的累积环境影响

本文首先分析了西部地区生态环境现状,指出西部生态环境十分脆弱,破坏严重。然后在介绍累积影响概念的基础上,结合累积影响的发生过程,对西部地区的开发建设项目以及它们对环境可能产生的累积影响进行具体分析,指出累积影响问题在西部大开发过程中是客观存在的,西部开发过程中必须重视累积影响的作用。最后文章提出了一系列对策和建议,包括加强对累积影响的研究、对开发项目进行累积影响评价（CIA）、强化环境管理和法律监督,以及加强关于生态环境的宣传教育等,以促进西部地区的可持续发展。     

西部大开发中的生物多样性的保护

全球的生物物种在急剧减少,而此情景也呈现于我国的西部在,在机遇与挑战同在的西部大开发过程中如何切实效保护生物多样性,无疑已成为我们必须关注和思考的问题。本文从生物多样性的内涵、生物多样性的价值、生物多样性的丧失及保护生物多样性的必要性及对策等方面,论述笔者对预防、保护、恢复生物多样性的几点思考,但愿能引起广大社会的关注和支持。     

21世纪中国粮食生产布局构思

为满足 2 1世纪中国对粮食的需求 ,提出“发展东部 ,提高中部 ,开发西部”的粮食生产战略布局 ,就是在东部平原区发展产业化粮食生产 ,使之成为中国优质商品粮食主要生产基地 ;在中部高原区要大力治理水土流失 ,提高粮食生产的环境质量 ,从而提高粮食产量水平 ;在西部高寒及荒漠区要充分开发光能、土、水资源优势 ,进一步开发高寒农业与绿洲农业的粮食生产潜力     

我国野生蔬菜的开发利用

本文阐述了我国野生蔬菜的特点、利用现状及其存在的问题,提出了进一步开发利用野生蔬菜的建议．     

浅析21世纪中国的粮食问题

本文在简介莱斯特·布朗关于21世纪中国粮食问题论点的基础上、分析了21世纪解决中国粮食问题的有利因素与发展潜力、不利因素与潜在危机．提出了与此相关的理论导向和政策选择。     

Land use and management in the People's Republic of China

Widespread disregard for essential principles of sound environmental management and protection during the three decades of Communist rule prior to 1980 have exacerbated traditional shortages of good arable land and productive forest cover in the People's Republic of China. The government's policies have also drastically reduced valuable freshwater surfaces, caused extensive grassland deterioration and soil erosion, and brought about many local and regional climatic changes. However, new policies put into effect recently are attempting to reverse these trends with a sound ecosystemic approach to land management.