滨海沙地不同林龄尾巨桉内吸收率及其C:N:P化学计量特征

以4年生、8年生、13年生尾巨桉林为研究对象,测定并计算其鲜叶、凋落叶和表层土壤的养分含量、内吸收率及碳氮磷化学计量比(C:N:P).结果显示:叶片C、N、P含量变化范围分别为486.0-508.56、13.31-15.46、0.60-0.84 mg/g,凋落物为462.55-499.9、8.20-11.51、0.29-0.51 mg/g,土壤为1.87-2.78、0.17-0.33、0.12-0.18 mg/g;植物C、N、P含量显著高于土壤,不同林龄间叶片C、N含量差异显著(P0.05),叶片、凋落叶P含量差异均极显著(P0.01);尾巨桉N、P内吸收率分别为31.37%、42%,P内吸收率大于N内吸收率;叶片重吸收效率表现出了随林龄增大而呈下降的趋势,且不同林龄尾巨桉N:P16.研究结果表明该地区尾巨桉的生长限制因子为P元素,有助于为滨海沙地人工纯林植物群落制定合理的营林规划、施肥评估标准提供依据.     

2种短周期工业用材林种植恢复过程对林内小气候的影响

在广西南宁市北郊的杉木林采伐迹地上,经过炼山清理,营造厚荚相思林和尾巨桉林以及灌草坡自然恢复3种植被类型,分别对主要气象要素进行连续4 a的对比观测.结果表明:(1)厚荚相思林和尾巨桉林内太阳辐[射]照度日平均值分别为126.6和90.8 W·m-2,分别占灌草坡植被的50.4%和36.1%;并随着林龄增大林内太阳辐[射]照度呈波浪式下降趋势.(2)厚荚相思林和尾巨桉林内年平均空气温度和地面温度分别比灌草坡植被降低0.7～0.8和1.8～2.7 ℃,并随着林龄增大温度逐渐降低.2种林分各年份空气相对湿度比灌草坡植被提高1～3百分点;并随着林龄增大而使林分内的增湿作用越明显.(3)2种短周期工业用材林种植恢复到5年生时,对林内小气候的调节作用已达到了成熟林分的水平,且厚荚相思林优于尾巨桉林.     

滨海沙地不同树种人工林的碳储量及其分配格局北大核心CSCD

为促进沿海合理营林和碳库平衡,基于对福州市滨海后沿沙地上营造的人工林的调查,研究尾巨桉、木麻黄、纹荚相思3种人工林生态系统的碳含量、碳储量及分配格局.结果表明,尾巨桉、木麻黄、纹荚相思不同器官平均碳含量分别为456.08-482.68、431.89-464.90、472.93-505.10 g/kg.相同树种不同器官之间和相同器官不同树种之间的碳含量均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）.不同林分间乔木层的碳储量表现为木麻黄（32.89 t/hm^2）〉纹荚相思（31.33 t/hm^2）〉尾巨桉（30.20 t/hm^2）,其中,乔木层各器官碳储量均以树干（10.92 t/hm^2、10.36 t/hm^2、15.00 t/hm^2）最大,分别占各自乔木层碳储量的33.20%、33.06%、49.67%;地被层（包括林下植被层和凋落物层）的碳储量表现为尾巨桉（6.42 t/hm^2）〉纹荚相思（6.19 t/hm^2）〉木麻黄（4.57 t/hm^2）,其中凋落物层碳储量均远远大于草本层碳储量;土壤层的碳储量表现为木麻黄（8.02 t/hm^2）〉纹荚相思（7.31 t/hm^2）〉尾巨桉（6.42 t/hm^2）.这3种人工林生态系统总碳储量表现为木麻黄（45.48 t/hm^2）〉纹荚相思（44.83 t/hm^2）〉尾巨桉（43.04 t/hm^2）,且碳储量分布格局均为乔木层〉土壤层〉凋落物层〉草本层.因此,滨海沙地这3种人工林生态系统固碳效益无显著差异,纹荚相思、尾巨桉和木麻黄都是很好的固碳树种.     

采用尼罗红荧光探针对微藻中油脂的定量测定

以尼罗红为荧光探针,对小球藻油脂含量的定量分析条件进行了研究.测定中,使用48孔酶标仪作为荧光检测器.研究显示,当荧光激发光波长为485 nm,发射光波长为580 nm时,适用于测定微藻中的中性油脂含量.当二甲基亚砜终浓度为20%,尼罗红终浓度为0.5μg.mL-1,藻液与尼罗红置于40℃暗处反应5 min后,能够获得最大的相对荧光测定值.当藻液光密度OD680在0.61至1.73时,藻液油脂含量与尼罗红荧光测定值呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数R2为0.9836,可以通过尼罗红荧光值的测定推算油脂的含量.     

氮、硫沉降对尾巨桉和杉木幼苗光合特性的影响

采用二因素三水平法设计模拟氮(N)、硫(S)沉降的盆栽试验,以Na2SO4为硫源、46%CO(NH2)2为氮源,其中氮沉降梯度为N1(0 kg hm-2 a-1)、N2(50 kg hm-2 a-1)、N3(100 kg hm-2 a-1),硫沉降梯度为S1(0 kg hm-2 a-1)、S2(15kg hm-2 a-1)、S3(30 kg hm-2 a-1).模拟试验6个月后,测定尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×Eucalyptus grandis)和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)幼苗的SPAD值、可溶性蛋白含量、净光合速率(Pn)和叶绿素荧光参数,分析探讨氮、硫沉降处理下两树种幼苗光合特性的响应机制.结果表明:与空白对照组相比,单一中氮沉降显著促进两树种幼苗Pn的上升(P<0.05),且单一高氮沉降显著促进杉木幼苗可溶性蛋白含量的上升(P<0.05),表明单一氮处理在一定程度上提高了两树种幼苗的光合能力.尾巨桉幼苗各光合指标受单一硫沉降胁迫的影响较杉木幼苗更为显著,前者的SPAD值和可溶性蛋白含量在中硫处理下均显著下降(P<0.05),Pn反之;而后者仅SPAD值在中、高硫处理下显著上升(P<0.05).氮、硫复合沉降下,尾巨桉幼苗各项指标未见明显变化(P>0.05);杉木幼苗仅中氮高硫组的SPAD值和高氮高硫组的可溶性蛋白含量显著上升(P<0.05).综上,与单一氮、硫沉降相比,氮、硫复合沉降的交互效应并未显著增强两树种幼苗的光合特性,但两树种幼苗间对模拟氮、硫沉降的响应和耐受机制存在差异.     

短时高温暴露对Q型烟粉虱发育和繁殖的影响

为探明卵期受短时高温暴露对Q型烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Q-biotype)存活、繁殖和后代适合度的影响,以适温(26℃)处理为对照,研究Q型烟粉虱卵在不同高温(37、39、41℃)条件下分别暴露1 h、2 h和4 h后转至适温饲养,其F0代的存活率、羽化率、雌成虫比例、寿命和产卵量及F1代的发育历期和雌成虫比例.结果表明:1)随着暴露温度升高和暴露时间延长,F0代Q型烟粉虱由卵发育至成虫的存活率和蛹羽化率均显著降低,41℃暴露2 h后的存活率和蛹羽化率最低,分别为49.1%和76.2%,显著低于未经高温暴露的对照(分别为83.4%和96.6%);2)卵期于41℃暴露1 h后其F0代雌成虫比例(61.0%)显著高于对照(52.0%),其他各处理与对照差异不显著;3)卵期高温暴露对F0代雌成虫寿命无显著影响,但单雌产卵量均显著低于对照(117.9粒),并随暴露温度升高呈降低趋势;4)F0代卵期在39℃暴露2 h、4 h和41℃暴露1~4 h后,F1代卵到成虫历期均较对照显著延长;5)与对照相比,F0代卵期分别在37℃暴露1~4 h、39℃暴露1~2 h或41℃暴露4 h,还可显著提高F1代雌成虫比例.可见,短时高温暴露可降低Q型烟粉虱的发育适合度,导致F0代存活率降低、产卵量下降和F1代发育历期延长,但一定程度上提高F1代雌成虫比例,从而对种群发展产生一定的代偿作用.表5参20     

罗丹明染料荧光猝灭法分别测定痕量二氧化氯和亚氯酸根

在碱性条件下,ClO2氧化罗丹明染料发生荧光猝灭可选择性地测定ClO2的含量,而ClO2-不干扰测定;在酸性条件下可测量ClO2与ClO2-共同产生的荧光猝灭强度,利用差减法可求出ClO2-的含量.对于罗丹明S,罗丹明G,罗丹明B及丁基罗丹明B四体系,ClO2浓度分别在0.00840-0.53μg·ml-1,0.0930-3.15μg·ml-1,0.215-2.610μg·ml-1及0.0825-1.096μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系;亚氯酸根浓度分别在0.00950-0.711μg·ml-1,0.0940-2.36μg·ml-1,0.473-4.73μg·ml-1及0.473-2.36μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系.另外,选择罗丹明S荧光猝灭法分别测定了饮用水中ClO2及ClO2-,获得了满意的结果.     

连续年龄序列尾巨桉人工林养分循环

为探究尾巨桉乔木层养分随林龄变化的趋势,对闽南山区连续年龄序列(2年、3年、4年、5年、6年)尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylly×E.grandis)人工林乔木层的养分积累、分配和循环特征进行了研究.结果表明:(1)尾巨桉各组分中氮(N)的含量最高,其次是钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg),最低的为磷(P).(2)尾巨桉养分贮量随林龄增长而增加,各林龄5种养分元素的总贮量依次为753.26、882.07、1 010.22、1 087.51、1 704.79 kg hm-2,其中树干的养分贮量最大,枝的贮量最小.(3)各年龄段人工林对5种养分元素的年净积累量分别为383.37、392.25、424.21、400.89、505.36 kghm-2a-1.(4)各林分养分年吸收量随林龄增加而增加,而养分归还量则呈相反趋势.(5)林分对营养元素的利用系数分别为0.51、0.44、0.42、0.37、0.30,随林龄增加而逐渐减小;循环系数分别为0.18、0.19、0.24、0.24、0.16;周转时间分别为8.76、9.75、7.58、9.39、17.47年.因此,尾巨桉在生长初期对养分的利用效率较小,中期归还给林地的养分多,到了后期对养分利用增加的同时,归还速率也变小,容易引起林地养分的匮乏,在尾巨桉生长初期和后期中应通过施肥、增加林下植被种类和数量来维持林地地力.     

阿特拉津对家蚕生殖发育的影响

为探讨环境激素(EH)对鳞翅目昆虫的性激素作用,用添加阿特拉津(AT)的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查AT对家蚕生殖发育的影响.结果显示:1)染毒72、96、120h的半数致死浓度LC50分别为0.348、0.326、0.234mmol·kg-1(即75.1、70.3、50.5mg·kg-1),属中等毒性.2)AT染毒可导致雄性家蚕5龄幼虫生殖腺指数显著升高,成虫(蛾)生殖腺指数显著降低.从整个世代看,0.05mmol·kg-1的AT对家蚕精巢的生长即表现出不良影响.AT染毒对雄蚕5龄幼虫、蛹前期精细胞的形成有促进作用,而对蛹后期和成虫(蛾)的精子形成有限制作用,可能AT染毒阻碍了精细胞向精子的发育.3)雌性家蚕幼虫期AT染毒后,5龄幼虫和蛹的卵细胞数量显著少于对照组(p<0.05).从不同发育时期的影响程度看,AT对卵细胞发育的抑制作用具有显著的时间效应(p<0.05).实验浓度下,AT对雌蚕造卵数和产卵数影响不显著,然而随着AT浓度的增加,不受精卵越来越多,AT染毒对雌蚕受精率具有显著抑制作用.AT通过抑制家蚕生殖腺的生长和生殖细胞的发育表现出雌激素效应.     

土壤腐殖酸的光谱学特征及其影响因素

利用紫外-可见和荧光光谱研究土壤中腐殖酸的光谱特性.结果显示,富里酸在0-45mg·l-1浓度范围内,其浓度与荧光强度呈线性正相关,浓度大于45 mg·l-1时,二者的线性关系趋弱,非线性关系明显.pH值对荧光强度有显著的影响,酸性条件下荧光强度随pH值的增大而增强,pH值在4.5-10之间的变化不显著,在中性和碱性条件下有较高的荧光强度,当pH值超过10以后有所减弱.荧光光谱在酸性条件下呈现一定程度的蓝移,碱性条件下则呈现红移.     

Achieving Open Access to Conservation Science

Conservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay‐per‐view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per‐article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation‐oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees. Obtención de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia de la Conservación     

Rapid,recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model

A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat–occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.     

Compliance with and ecosystem function of biodiversity offsets in North American and European freshwaters

Land-use change via human development is a major driver of biodiversity loss. To reduce these impacts, billions of dollars are spent on biodiversity offsets. However, studies evaluating offset project effectiveness that examine components such as the overall compliance and function of projects remain rare. We reviewed 577 offsetting projects in freshwater ecosystems that included the metrics project size, type of aquatic system (e.g., wetland and creek), offsetting measure (e.g., enhancement, restoration, and creation), and an assessment of the projects’ compliance and functional success. Project information was obtained from scientific and government databases and gray literature. Despite considerable investment in offsetting projects, crucial problems persisted. Although compliance and function were related to each other, a high level of compliance did not guarantee a high degree of function. However, large projects relative to area had better function than small projects. Function improved when projects targeted productivity or specific ecosystem features and when multiple complementary management targets were in place. Restorative measures were more likely to achieve targets than creating entirely new ecosystems. Altogether the relationships we found highlight specific ecological processes that may help improve offsetting outcomes.     

Some polyphagous Homoptera gain protection from their natural enemies by feeding on the toxic plantsSpartium junceum andErythrina corallodendrum (Leguminosae)

Summary Interactions were studied among alkaloid-containing legumes (Erythrina corallodendrum andSpartium junceum) and non-toxic plants (Citrus sinensis, Cucurbita moschata andEuphorbia tirucalli), several polyphagous homopterans,Aphis craccivora (Aphididae),Icerya purchasi, I. aegyptiaca (Margarodidae),Lepidosaphes ulmi (Diaspididae) andPlanococcus citri (Pseudococcidae), and some major natural enemies of these homopterans. Significant reductions in survival due to negative effects of alkaloid containing as compared with non-alkaloidal plants were recorded for the predatorsRodolia cardinalis andChilocorus bipustulatus, but not forCryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae),Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) andSympherobius sanctus (Neuroptera: Sympherobiidae). The development time of the larvae or pupae ofR. cardinalis, C. carnea andS. sanctus was longer on the toxic plants than on the non-toxic ones. The percentage of parasitism ofA. craccivora collected from the non-alkaloidal plantsVicia palaestina andMelilotus albus was much higher than that onS. junceum. The parasitoid complexes ofA. craccivora differed between both plant groups. The nutritive value of honeydew ofI. purchasi andA. craccivora, as expressed by the life span ofEncyrtus infelix (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) adults, was also investigated. Life spans were significantly longer when the wasps fed on honeydew produced on non-alkaloidal plants (C. sinensis andPittosporum tobira) than on alkaloid containing plants whenI. purchasi — but notA. craccivora — was the producer. It is suggested that the chemical defense ofE. corallodendrum andS. junceum is exploited by polyphagous phytophages to reduce predation. In nature, population growth and density of four of the investigated homopterans are conspicuously high when they developed on the alkaloid containing plant species, and very low on non-alkaloid plants. The efficiency of their natural enemies may be reduced by sequestration of alkaloids (or other toxic plant compounds) or their transfer into excreted honeydew. Therefore it is assumed that a generalist phytophagous homopteran may be protected from its natural enemies, although at different rates of efficiency, if it can safely sequester the host allelochemical when it develops on toxic species within its host range.     

A palaeo-hydrogeological model for arsenic contamination in southern and south-east Asia

An argument is presented in which areas of natural arsenic contamination of modern groundwaters throughout Asia have a common origin. Arsenic originally accumulated in oceanic ferro-manganoan sediments of the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. This was further concentrated through oceanic crustal extinction in what later became the south-east Chinese accreted mineralised terrain. Proto-Himalayan uplift of this area created the palaeo-drainage systems of the Ganges – Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Mekong, and Red Rivers, with consequent headwater erosion of arsenic-rich sediments. Their downstream deposition as immature and easily redistributed Neogene sandstones, silts, and iron-rich clays has created secondary and tertiary reservoirs of adsorbed and authigenic arsenic, from which the current arsenic-rich groundwaters have evolved. Considering river basins within the above palaeo-hydrogeological framework provides a basis for assessing the risk of arsenic in groundwater basins of south and south-eastern Asia.     

Sequestration of cucurbitacin analogs by New and Old World chrysomelid leaf beetles in the tribe Luperini

Summary Two South American polyphagous leaf beetles,Diabrotica speciosa andCerotoma arcuata, selectively accumulated the bitter tasting compound 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin D in their body after ingesting root tissues of cucurbit plants. Similarly, three Asian Cucurbitaceae-feeding specialists in the genusAulacophora were found to sequester the same compound. Cucurbitacin analogs were shown to deter feeding by a bird predator, indicating an allomonal role for these compounds in cucurbitacin-associated chrysomelid leaf beetles both of New and Old Worlds. The strong affinity to cucurbitacins, selective sequestration of the analogs and consequent protection from predators suggested an ecological adaptation mechanism developed in common among these two geographically isolated subtribes in the Luperini.     

Threats to intact tropical peatlands and opportunities for their conservation

Large, intact areas of tropical peatland are highly threatened at a global scale by the expansion of commercial agriculture and other forms of economic development. Conserving peatlands on a landscape scale, with their hydrology intact, is of international conservation importance to preserve their distinctive biodiversity and ecosystem services and maintain their resilience to future environmental change. We explored threats to and opportunities for conserving remaining intact tropical peatlands; thus, we excluded peatlands of Indonesia and Malaysia, where extensive deforestation, drainage, and conversion to plantations means conservation in this region can protect only small fragments of the original ecosystem. We focused on a case study, the Pastaza‐Marañón Foreland Basin (PMFB) in Peru, which is among the largest known intact tropical peatland landscapes in the world and is representative of peatland vulnerability. Maintenance of the hydrological conditions critical for carbon storage and ecosystem function of peatlands is, in the PMFB, primarily threatened by expansion of commercial agriculture linked to new transport infrastructure that is facilitating access to remote areas. There remain opportunities in the PMFB and elsewhere to develop alternative, more sustainable land‐use practices. Although some of the peatlands in the PMFB fall within existing legally protected areas, this protection does not include the most carbon‐dense (domed pole forest) areas. New carbon‐based conservation instruments (e.g., REDD+, Green Climate Fund), developing markets for sustainable peatland products, transferring land title to local communities, and expanding protected areas offer pathways to increased protection for intact tropical peatlands in Amazonia and elsewhere, such as those in New Guinea and Central Africa which remain, for the moment, broadly beyond the frontier of commercial development.     

Effects of Controlled Fire and Livestock Grazing on Bird Communities in East African Savannas

Abstract: In East Africa fire and grazing by wild and domestic ungulates maintain savannas, and pastoralists historically set fires and herded livestock through the use of temporary corrals called bomas. In recent decades traditional pastoral practices have declined, and this may be affecting biodiversity. We investigated the effects of prescribed fires and bomas on savanna bird communities in East Africa during the first and second dry seasons of the year (respectively before and after the rains that mark the onset of breeding for most birds). We compared abundance, richness, and community composition on 9‐ha burned plots, recently abandoned bomas, and control plots in the undisturbed matrix habitat over a 3‐year period. Generally, recently burned areas and abandoned bomas attracted greater densities of birds and had different community assemblages than the surrounding matrix. The effects of disturbances were influenced by interactions between primary productivity, represented by the normalized difference vegetation index, and time. Bird densities were highest and a greater proportion of species was observed on burned plots in the months following the fires. Drought conditions equalized bird densities across treatments within 1 year, and individuals from a greater proportion of species were more commonly observed on abandoned bomas. Yearly fluctuations in abundance were less pronounced on bomas than on burns, which indicate that although fire may benefit birds in the short term, bomas may have a more‐lasting positive effect and provide resources during droughts. Several Palearctic migrants were attracted to burned plots regardless of rainfall, which indicates continued fire suppression may threaten their already‐declining populations. Most notably, the paucity of birds observed on the controls suggests that the current structure of the matrix developed as a result of fire suppression. Traditional pastoralism appears critical to the maintenance of avian diversity in these savannas.     

Cost‐effective conservation of an endangered frog under uncertainty

How should managers choose among conservation options when resources are scarce and there is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of actions? Well‐developed tools exist for prioritizing areas for one‐time and binary actions (e.g., protect vs. not protect), but methods for prioritizing incremental or ongoing actions (such as habitat creation and maintenance) remain uncommon. We devised an approach that combines metapopulation viability and cost‐effectiveness analyses to select among alternative conservation actions while accounting for uncertainty. In our study, cost‐effectiveness is the ratio between the benefit of an action and its economic cost, where benefit is the change in metapopulation viability. We applied the approach to the case of the endangered growling grass frog (Litoria raniformis), which is threatened by urban development. We extended a Bayesian model to predict metapopulation viability under 9 urbanization and management scenarios and incorporated the full probability distribution of possible outcomes for each scenario into the cost‐effectiveness analysis. This allowed us to discern between cost‐effective alternatives that were robust to uncertainty and those with a relatively high risk of failure. We found a relatively high risk of extinction following urbanization if the only action was reservation of core habitat; habitat creation actions performed better than enhancement actions; and cost‐effectiveness ranking changed depending on the consideration of uncertainty. Our results suggest that creation and maintenance of wetlands dedicated to L. raniformis is the only cost‐effective action likely to result in a sufficiently low risk of extinction. To our knowledge we are the first study to use Bayesian metapopulation viability analysis to explicitly incorporate parametric and demographic uncertainty into a cost‐effective evaluation of conservation actions. The approach offers guidance to decision makers aiming to achieve cost‐effective conservation under uncertainty.