典型热塑性聚合物热解行为研究

利用热失重分析仪采用不同的加热速率对典型热塑性聚合物PP(聚丙烯)、PE(聚乙烯)和PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)在空气氛围中的热解行为进行了研究,通过热失重TG和微商热失重DTG分析了三种聚合物的热解过程及加热速率对热解过程的影响,通过Coats-Redfern方法建立了聚合物的热解动力学模型,并分析讨论了聚合物的热解机理和氧气对热解的影响,最后通过计算曲线和实验曲线的比较,验证了该文聚合物热解动力学模型的可靠性。     

基于锥形量热仪的计算机显示器燃烧特性分析

利用锥形量热仪对计算机显示器材料进行小尺寸燃烧性能试验研究,通过改变锥形量热仪的热辐射强度模拟中、小规模火灾。分析火灾中显示器样品的热释放速率(HRR)、质量损失速率、CO产生率和比消光系数。试验发现当热辐射强度为35 kW/m2时,计算机显示器的热释放速率比其在热辐射强度为75 kW/m2时多一个加速增长阶段,主要原因是在此热辐射强度下,材料热解速度缓慢,表面炭层厚度逐渐增厚,热量积聚后,材料热解速度增大,热释放速率加速达到第二个峰值;显示器材料在2种热辐射强度下的质量损失速率分3个阶段,炭层的包覆作用对其质量燃烧速率影响较小;显示器材料在燃烧过程中CO产生率、比消光系数和质量燃烧速率成线性递增关系。试验结果可反映显示器在真实火灾中的燃烧特性。     

不同压力环境下不透明非碳化ABS材料的热解温度模型研究

在不同热流强度下,利用智能步进低压实验仓对不透明非碳化聚合物材料丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)在不同压力情况下的热解过程中的表面及背面温度进行了实时测量,建立了表面吸收一维热解模型,预测了ABS在不同外界热流密度下,不同压力环境下表面温度及背面温度随时间的变化;并将实验测量值与模型模拟值进行对比。结果表明,非碳化聚合物的表面吸收一维热解模型在高热流密度下对温度的预测情况优于在低热流密度下对温度的预测结果,总体来说,模拟计算结果与实验测量值较为一致。     

立式汽油储罐的定量环境风险评价

<正>某油库拟建2台立式汽油储罐,总容积为20000m(单个310000m)。汽油是属于甲类火灾危险性的低闪点易燃性液体,储存时存在火灾、爆炸、环境风险。油罐火灾热辐射影响主要在罐区周边区域,汽油在燃烧过程中会产生大量的烟尘,CO、SO和NO等污染物会在短时间内对周边环境产2 2生不利影响。虽然从油罐来的油,其硫含量很小,燃烧过程中SO产生的量也不大,但不完全燃烧产生的CO对人体健2康的危害却较大。必须对汽油储罐燃烧过程中排放出的     

棕垫材料的热解燃烧特性试验研究

利用热重分析仪研究了棕垫材料在火灾中的热解燃烧过程。结果表明,在升温速率为20℃/min时,空气气氛下燃烧过程表现为两步反应,在335℃和470℃出现失重峰,总失重率为95%,两阶段反应活化能分别为108.95 kJ/mol和261.15 kJ/mol;氮气气氛下热解表现为一步反应,在335℃出现失重峰,失重率为80%,反应活化能为103.24 kJ/mol。随升温速率增加,棕垫材料的起始分解温度、失重峰值温度及主阶段热解结束温度均向高温侧移动。燃烧过程中低温段活化能增大,高温段则降低;热解过程中活化能增大;反应级数不变。研究表明,棕垫材料与常见生物质可燃物具有类似的热解燃烧性能,其潜在火灾危险性值得人们关注。     

外墙保温材料在火灾中的燃烧现象小尺寸实验研究

利用外墙保温材料的小尺寸燃烧实验来研究外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧特性,分析总结外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧现象.建立外墙保温材料火灾实验模型,对外墙保温材料火灾实验的实验方法以及数据测定方式进行了介绍.采用不同阻燃性质的保温材料,研究阻燃成分阻止竖向燃烧的效果.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的点燃性能.根据材料的阻燃性能、点火位置、固定方式的不同,总结燃烧痕迹的变化规律.分析非阻燃材料在燃烧的过程中的熔滴生成,发现产生的熔滴对未燃保温材料的点燃现象.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的烟气生成及烟气层的形成.通过小尺寸火灾试验的方法来研究建筑外墙保温材料火灾的特性,提出使用阻燃型外墙保温材料的必要性.     

硬木地板材料和棉花秆的变氧浓度热解燃烧表观动力学的实验研究

本文采用TG-FTIR分析方法深入研究了火场中硬木地板材料和棉花秆变氧浓度燃烧过程,深入分析了氧浓度对纤维物质燃烧表观热失重影响;通过大量的动力学参数计算得出了可燃物的表观活化能与实际氧浓度成线性关系;分析了氧浓度对木材燃烧气体产物的影响,并探索了氧浓度影响热解和燃烧的机理。     

刨花板及其木质原材料燃烧热解特性对比试验

为研究刨花板与木质原材料热解燃烧过程的区别,利用热重分析仪对空气和氮气条件下刨花板及其木质原材料进行研究。深入分析材料的燃烧热解失重过程的热重法和微商热重法曲线特性,确定了材料的燃烧特征参数。材料的燃烧热解动力学过程符合"双阶段一级反应"模型,利用考斯特-瑞地芬(Coats-Redfern)方法求得对应失重阶段的动力学参数。通过对比发现,刨花板较其木质原材料着火温度低,燃尽温度高,综合燃烧特性指数低;燃烧热解活化能和频率因子低,高温段失重率高;燃烧最终剩余质量和其木质原材料基本相同,热解剩余质量大于木质原材料。根据试验现象对刨花板燃烧热解过程中胶黏剂的作用机理进行了推断。     

输油管道中汽油蒸汽爆炸的规律研究

综合考虑湍流及化学反应动力学机理对燃烧的影响,建立了详细流动耦合简化的详细化学反应机理的湍流燃烧模型,以有限体积法求解爆炸流动及反应控制方程,对二维压力管道中汽油蒸汽爆炸的过程及规律进行了数值模拟,模拟结果与实验数据有较好的吻合性;分析了各种组分的变化过程及对爆炸的控制作用.为汽油蒸汽爆炸特性及规律的进一步研究、工业防...     

聚合物燃烧放热的通风

本文在小尺寸试件燃烧实验的基础上,着重研究了几种典型聚合物燃烧时放热参数的变化规律及其通风影响,通过实验数据的拟合和分析,揭示了燃烧放热、通风条件和燃料种类之间复杂的关系,给出了由放热参数决定的可燃性区域,得到了一些新的结论,有助于材料放热特性认识和室内火分析的进一步深入。     

Evaluation of the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion products in oil tanks based on TOPSIS methodologies

Spontaneous ignition of the corrosion products of an oil tank may lead to an explosion. To evaluate the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion products in oil tanks, the thermodynamic characteristic parameters of the corrosion products of oil tanks were obtained by thermogravimetry as evaluation indexes. Then, the objective weights of these indexes were calculated via the CRITIC method, and TOPSIS theory was used to comprehensively evaluate the spontaneous combustion tendency of corrosion product samples from oil tanks. The results show that the weight of the mass loss rate at the ignition point is the highest, and the apparent activation energy of the corrosion products is not the decisive factor affecting their spontaneous combustion tendency. As such, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the corrosion products of oil tanks cannot be based on only the apparent activation energy. The spontaneous combustion tendency of the corrosion products of a gasoline tank is lower than that of a diesel tank. The higher the heating rate is, the stronger the tendency of spontaneous combustion will be.     

Determination of heterogeneous reaction mechanisms: A key milestone in dust explosion modelling

Reaction kinetics is fundamental for modelling the thermal oxidation of a solid phase, in processes such as dust explosions, combustion or gasification. The methodology followed in this study consists in i) the experimental identification of the reaction mechanisms involved in the explosion of organic powders, ii) the proposal of simplified mechanisms of pyrolysis and oxidation, iii) the implementation of the model to assess the explosion severity of organic dusts. Flash pyrolysis and combustion experiments were carried out on starch (22 μm) and cellulose (53 μm) at temperatures ranging from 973 K to 1173 K. The gases generated were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography. In this paper, a semi-global pyrolysis model was developed for reactive systems with low Damköhler number. It is in good agreement with the experimental data and shows that both carbon monoxide and hydrogen are mainly generated during the pyrolysis of the solid, the generation of the latter compound being greatly promoted at high temperature. A simplified combustion model was also proposed by adding two oxidation reactions of the pyrolysis products. In parallel, flame propagation tests were performed in a semi open tube in order to assess the burning velocity of such compounds. The laminar burning velocity of cellulose was determined to be 21 cm s⁻¹. Finally, this model will be integrated to a predictive model of dust explosions and its validation will be based on experimental data obtained using the 20 L explosion sphere. The explosion severity of cellulose was determined and will be used to develop and adjust the predictive model.     

Emission of Oxygenated Species from the Combustion of Pine Wood and its Relation to Soot Formation

Combustion tests of pine wood cribs have been performed in different airflows in a fire test chamber. VOC in the flue gas has been monitored on-line using FTIR. Soot was collected at different heights above the bed on to quartz fibre filters and was characterized using pyrolysis-GC-MS. Correlation between combustion conditions and emission profiles were elucidated. The soot contained significant amounts of adsorbed oxygenated material derived from pyrolysis of the wood. Three types of material were identified: pyrolysis products, pyrolysis recombination products and PAH, and significant proportions of O-PAH are also present. Oxygenated PAH increased with temperature and higher air flow rate whereas oxygenated phenolic type material increased with lower temperature and lower air flow rate. Cooler flames from oxygen-starved fires akin to conditions in household fires produce significant higher proportions of phenolic material.Oxygen appears to play a significant role in the production of soot and there appear to be two routes by which PAH material can be synthesized. Firstly through conventional hydrocarbon mechanisms such as the HACA method and secondly through a route involving the polymerization of biomass pyrolysis fragments. A number of important species are identified which could be intermediates between these pyrolysis products and PAH.     

阻燃剂对棉布和地毯热解燃烧性能的影响研究

研究了氢氧化铝和三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐对棉布和地毯热解和燃烧行为,考察了阻燃剂添加量对棉布和地毯点燃时间、热解速度和火焰持续时间的影响,并利用锥形量热仪测定了添加阻燃剂前后材料在点燃时间、热释放速率、质量损失速率和CO释放速率的变化,结果表明海水中添加10%的Al(OH)3和MCA可显著降低棉布和地毯的热解速度及热释放速率.     

焦化汽油储罐腐蚀模拟实验研究

通过企业现场调研，对焦化汽油储罐腐蚀进行了实验模拟研究，对实验数据结果进行了分析。在实验研究的基础上，结合若干由于腐蚀引起的事故案例和事故机理的分析，对焦化汽油储罐自燃事故的主要原因及发生条件进行了剖析，总结并提出了相应的预防控制措施。实验结果可作焦化汽油储罐安全设计和焦化汽油工艺改进的重要参考。     

南非HS抑爆系统性能的试验研究

为了验证南非HS抑爆系统的安全性能,对HS系统进行基本性能试验和系统的整机抑爆效果试验。该系统的喷洒滞后时间、成雾时间、有效雾面持续时间和喷洒率4个基本参数的性能进行了测量和计算。在HS系统的整机抑爆效果试验中,进行4次不同的试验。试验结果表明,HS系统能迅速地产生具有足够的面积和持续时间的喷雾屏障,有效地抑止瓦斯和煤尘的燃烧与爆炸。HS系统具有较好的安全性能和较为广阔的应用前景。     

Influence of inert materials on the self-ignition of flammable dusts

Flammable solid bulk materials, including dusts, often undergo spontaneous combustion and the spread of reaction fronts. By addition of inert substances, the ignition and combustion behavior can be influenced. In a series of experiments different types of coal were mixed with inert powders to study the effect of the composition on the self-ignition temperature and on the formal kinetic parameters.Hot storage tests as well as simultaneous-thermal analysis were used as experimental techniques with the latter being coupled to FTIR measurements to analyze the composition of gaseous reaction products.All conducted hot storage experiments led to the conclusion that the self-ignition temperature was increased by admixing inert material if the decomposition temperature of the inert matter was higher than the self-ignition temperature of the combustible component at the sample characteristic length. If (exothermic) decomposition of the inert material occurred before a noticeable growth of reaction rate of the combustible material, even a reduction in the self-ignition temperature could be observed. In addition, significantly higher maximum reaction temperatures were observed for the mixtures than for the combustible material alone.     

常用木质家具材料在不同氧浓度下的热分析

利用热重差热分析仪对几种常用木质家具材料在不同氧气浓度下的热分解和燃烧行为进行了研究。通过对TGA曲线,DTG曲线以及DTA曲线的分析,得出了氧气浓度对各种样品热分析结果的影响。求出了各样品的动力学参数,提出了相应的燃烧动力学反应模型。