循环经济立法问题研究

本文从分析发达国家运用法律规范推动和保障循环经济的发展和循环型社会形成的经验入手，回顾了我国循环经济立法的历史，评价了我国循环经济的立法现状；从循环经济立法应坚持的指导思想和原则，基本制度的研究等方面，提出了我国循环经济立法要从买际出发、有计划地循序渐进、突出重点、兼顾一般的基本思路。     

中国循环经济立法之我见

发展循环经济,是贯彻落实科学发展观、转变经济增长方式、加快资源节约与环境友好型社会建设的必然要求和重要途径。为了推动我国循环经济的有效发展,2005年7月,全国人大正式将循环经济法列入立法计划,并启动了立法起草工作。循环经济的立法研究与实践,不仅对我国循环经济的立法建设,而且对依法促进我国循环经济发展,都具有极其重要的现实意义。     

我国循环经济立法模式选择

综述了循环经济的内涵要求及特征、国外循环经济立法概况及分类，认为我国进行循环经济立法应采取3步走的分阶段立法模式。     

循环经济立法基本问题研究

全国人大常委会已于2005年将制定循环经济法列入立法计划,有关部门正在开展起草工作。本文从我国制定循环经济法的三个方面予以论述,即首先要树立正确的立法指导思想、目标和原则;其次是循环经济法的框架和主要法律制度的构想;三是如何进行循环经济立法。     

关于促进我国循环经济法制建设的思考

循环经济作为一种有效平衡经济增长,社会发展和环境保护三者关系的全新经济模式,在我国的发展已是大势所趋.而这一系统工程建立的基础是相关法律法规的建立.目前,许多发达国家已经以立法的方法来保障循环型社会的建立和发展.加快我国循环经济法制建设需要对循环经济的内涵,发达国家的循环经济立法,我国循环经济法制建设的实践及其存在的问题进行系统研究,根据我国的实际情况,得出对中国的循环经济立法具有针对性的建议,在依法治国的当今中国,以法律形式对循环经济加以肯定和规范具有重要意义.     

循环经济工业模式优化分析及法律制度的思考

我国正积极推行循环经济的新型发展模式,且正对此进行立法.本文试图通过上海闵行循环经济工业模式的优化分析,对构成从产品开发到产业延伸的循环链模式予以阐述,并对保障其健康推进和发展的循环经济法律制度的构建问题加以诠释,以对我国发展循环经济和循环经济立法有所裨益.     

循环经济国内外立法研究

二十世纪九十年代以来,由于传统线性经济带来的恶性结果,发展循环经济在国际社会上蔚为风潮.许多西方国家纷纷进行循环经济立法活动,德国和日本建立了较为完善的循环经济法律体系.从西方国家的立法经验我们可以看出,要发展循环经济,建立一个完善的法律保障体系至关重要.我国的循环经济立法还处在初级阶段,要吸收和借鉴先进经验,制定修改一批法律、法规,建立完善的循环经济法律体系,以促进循环经济发展.     

循环经济在我国农村固体废物污染治理中的实施

随着我国农村经济的快速发展,农村固体废物污染环境已经成为固体废物污染中一个新的问题.而我国现行有关固体废物污染立法及相关研究大都集中在工业固体废物和城市固体废物上,有关农村固体废物污染环境的立法及相关研究相当缺乏.本文认为,循环经济理念的运用是我国农村固体废物污染治理的根本途径,农业循环经济的实施应当是中国循环经济的特色之一,农村固体废物污染治理应当成为优先行动的领域.本文还对我国循环经济立法的配合提出了初步分析和建议.     

循环经济在我国农村固体废物污染治理中的实施

随着我国农村经济的快速发展．农村固体废物污染环境已经成为固体废物污染中一个新的问题。而我国现行有关固体废物污染立法及相关研究大都集中在工业固体废物和城市固体废物上，有关农村固体废物污染环境的立法及相关研究相当缺乏。本文认为．循环经济理念的运用是我国农村固体废物污染治理的根本途径，农业循环经济的实施应当是中国循环经济的特色之一．农村固体废物污染治理应当成为优先行动的领域。本文还对我国循环经济立法的配合提出了初步分析和建议。     

循环经济规划在立法研究中的问题

我国循环经济立法需要建立循环经济规划制度.循环经济规划宜采用综合管理与分工负责的规划管理体制,"远期规划、5年修订"的方式,率先在省级以上开展循环经济规划,应建立循环经济目标考核责任制,强调在跨行政区层面上开展循环经济规划,因地制宜地开展循环经济规划.     

Attempts to train goldfish to respond to magnetic field stimuli

Two different conditioning procedures, one appetitive and the other aversive, were used in separate attempts to demonstrate response to magnetic fields in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Our results lead us to question those of an orientation experiment by Becker, although we recognize the possibility that goldfish may be sensitive primarily to magnetic field direction rather than intensity and that their directional sensitivity may be evidenced most readily by orientation in the field.     

从生态旅游到低碳旅游——从理念到实践

阐述了生态旅游、低碳旅游的基本概念,分析了生态旅游存在的不足,提出低碳旅游的量化及建立各项标准及其指标评价体系并将之融入低碳旅游全过程以实现低碳旅游的标准化,重点在于实现低碳理念、低碳参与者及低碳实践3个方面的有机结合,以促进旅游业的可持续发展的可操作性建议.     

以学定教,提高课堂教学效率

根据心理学理论,学习是一个学生内化的过程,学生是自主学会的,而不是被动教会的。因此在教学中,教师只有做到以学定教,才能有效提高教学效率,促进学生对知识的掌握。     

如何做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应

应急监测是突发性环境污染事故处置中的首要环节,是对污染事故及时、正确地进行应急处理、减轻事故危害和制定恢复措施的根本依据。文章从制定应急监测预案、加强应急监测能力建设、摸清污染源状况、加强应急培训和应急演练等方面对做好突发环境事件应急监测的快速响应作了简要的阐述,供大家探讨。     

Croppers to livestock keepers: livelihood transitions to 2050 in Africa due to climate change

The impacts of climate change are expected to be generally detrimental for agriculture in many parts of Africa. Overall, warming and drying may reduce crop yields by 10–20% to 2050, but there are places where losses are likely to be much more severe. Increasing frequencies of heat stress, drought and flooding events will result in yet further deleterious effects on crop and livestock productivity. There will be places in the coming decades where the livelihood strategies of rural people may need to change, to preserve food security and provide income-generating options. These are likely to include areas of Africa that are already marginal for crop production; as these become increasingly marginal, then livestock may provide an alternative to cropping. We carried out some analysis to identify areas in sub-Saharan Africa where such transitions might occur. For the currently cropped areas (which already include the highland areas where cropping intensity may increase in the future), we estimated probabilities of failed seasons for current climate conditions, and compared these with estimates obtained for future climate conditions in 2050, using downscaled climate model output for a higher and a lower greenhouse-gas emission scenario. Transition zones can be identified where the increased probabilities of failed seasons may induce shifts from cropping to increased dependence on livestock. These zones are characterised in terms of existing agricultural system, current livestock densities, and levels of poverty. The analysis provides further evidence that climate change impacts in the marginal cropping lands may be severe, where poverty rates are already high. Results also suggest that those likely to be more affected are already more poor, on average. We discuss the implications of these results in a research-for-development targeting context that is likely to see the poor disproportionately and negatively affected by climate change.     

重归大自然——密西西比河之行

密西西比河是美国第一大河。它一路曲曲弯弯向着墨西哥湾蜿蜒流去．沿途形成广袤的洪泛平原,滋润着美国大陆41％的土地。水量也比美国其他河流都要多。密西西比河及其洪泛平原哺育着400多种野生动植物。北美地区40％的水禽都沿着密西西比河的路径迁徙。密西西比河对于美国。如同长江对于中国,无论从经济还是生物多样性保护等方面,其作用都是举足轻重。     

Soil microbial response to herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola

Adoption of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) has increased glyphosate applications to this crop, and concerns have been raised about unintended consequences of these multiple applications. A field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of pre-seed and in-crop glyphosate and alternative herbicides on soil microbial community functional structure, diversity and biomass. Pre-seed treatments were 2,4-D, glyphosate and 2,4-D + glyphosate, and in-crop treatments were glyphosate applied once, glyphosate applied twice, ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin + sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron + clopyralid, and sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron. Rhizosphere and bulk soil was collected at flowering stage of canola and analyzed for bacterial community-level substrate utilization patterns and microbial biomass C (MBC). Where differences were significant, pre-seed application of both 2,4-D and glyphosate altered the functional structure and reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria, but increased MBC. These effects were not necessarily concurrent. The reduction in functional diversity was due to reduction in evenness, which means that the soil where both pre-seed herbicides had been applied was dominated by only few functional groups. In 1 year, two in-crop applications of glyphosate also reduced the functional diversity of soil bacteria when applied after pre-seed 2,4-D, as did in-crop sethoxydim + ethametsulfuron following pre-seed glyphosate. Even though significant differences between herbicides were fewer than non-significant differences, i.e., there were no changes in soil microbial community structure, diversity or biomass in response to glyphosate or alternative herbicides applied to glyphosate-resistant canola in most cases, the observed changes in soil microbial communities could affect soil food webs and biological processes.     

亲近自然的一条捷径——向你推荐《生物多样性知识达人手册》

"它随处可见,从最大的海洋到最小的水坑,从最茂密的森林到最干旱的荒漠,从最富饶的沼泽到最高的山峰……它是一个活的银行账户,为人类全部事业和财富提供资本.它是什么?它就是……生物多样性." 翻开《生物多样性知识达人手册》的第一页,在"开头的话"中,你就能读到上面这一段饶有趣味的文字,让你不自觉地联想到我们所处的环境和我们赖以生存的地球.没错,这是一本新鲜出炉的、以生物多样性为主题的读物,用生动有趣的方式告诉你,什么是生物多样性?生物多样性为什么重要?你怎样才能保护好这个星球的生物多样性?     

浅谈如何做好孩子的入学准备

从幼儿园升入小学是孩子迈入知识殿堂的关键一步,也是孩子人生的一大转折。如何协助家长和教师,帮助孩子顺利实现这次转折是非常重要的。基于此目的,结合多年从事幼小教育工作的实际,并根据教育部颁布的《幼儿园教育指导纲要》精神,紧扣学前儿童的心理和学习特点,阐述如何让孩子在各方面得到系统的锻炼和提高,为顺利升入理想的小学、并尽快适应小学阶段的学习和生活做好准备。