在地震勘探作业中实施"绿色勘探"

根据国家和中国石油天然气集团公司有关清洁发展、环境保护的要求,结合地震勘探生产作业的特点和实际情况,提出在地震勘探作业中实施绿色勘探需要开展的主要工作,以及完成这些工作所要具备的必要条件.     

海拉尔盆地地震勘探环境影响分析及控制措施探讨

文章以海拉尔盆地草原地震勘探为例,结合项目环境影响评价、评估工作的开展,找出地震勘探主要环境影响和生态破坏因素,通过分析其在地震生产过程中产生的环境影响及危害,提出相应的控制措施及工作建议。文章侧重于草原生态环境影响恢复与地震勘探环境保护控制技术的研究,探讨在生态环境脆弱地区实施绿色勘探的可行性,阐明实施清洁生产、营造和谐生态油田的环境保护措施。     

地震勘探作业过程中环境保护措施分析

文章对目前国内地震勘探作业过程中的环境保护措施现状进行了分析,并对照部分国外石油公司的作法和IAGC及国家《清洁生产促进法》的要求寻找差距,再结合国内的实际情况提出了对地震勘探作业环境保护措施的建议,同时为国内物探行业开拓国际市场,树立绿色施工、文明施工、清洁施工的良好企业形象提供了有益的参考。     

地震勘探引起植被棋盘式分布分析

通过高分辨率卫星遥感数据和实地调研,发现黄河三角洲的很多区域因胜利油田地震勘探而引起植被棋盘式分布。地震勘探引起植被群落斑块扩展,就其生态作用来说,与当前黄河三角洲生态恢复、保护和重建植被这一目标相吻合。此种植被群落的扩展,无须额外经费投入,对此进行深入研究,寻找使其从自发状态转变为通过人工协调可在适宜区域最大限度扩展的对策,将有助于更好地协调油田开发和湿地生态保护之间的矛盾。     

页岩气勘探开发过程中的环境影响

当前,我国正积极推进页岩气资源的勘探和开发工作,但其对环境的影响尚缺乏科学评价和规范管理。在系统分析页岩气勘探开发主要流程:井场选址与建设、水平井钻井、水力压裂和投产等的基础上,辨识了其造成生态破坏和环境污染的主要因素以及可借鉴的技术和经验。结合我国页岩气资源的分布和勘探开发现状,从法规政策、企业责任以及技术创新三个层面,提出我国页岩气开发过程中环境保护和管理应努力的方向。     

油气田勘探开发工程环境影响评价完成时段可适性分析

分析当前油气田勘探、开发过程中环境影响评价工作存在的问题,提出了在油气田勘探开发中,强化环境影响评价的几点措施。     

水库库区油田勘探对环境的影响及对策

随着国民经济的发展,对石油的需求量迅猛增加,石油部门势必要不断地进行新油田勘探开发工作。在水库库区进行油田勘探开发,如不采取恰当有力的保护措施,对环境造成的影响将是严重的。以石油部门在内蒙他拉手水库库区进行的油田勘探开发为例,可以看出石油开发对库区生态及环境有如下的影响：一、油田勘探对库区环境的影响石油勘探部门近几年来在他拉于水库库区迸行了大规模无任何保护措施的石油勘探和开采活动（85％以上的探井和采油井都位于他拉干水库北岸）,对库区水资源、草场、林地和渔业等生态环境造成了严重的破坏和影响。1、库…     

塔里木油气勘探开发中的管理问题

本文论述了有关方面热衷塔里木盆地油气勘探开发的原因和意图，就塔里木盆地油气勘探开发中存在的主要问题和主要措施作了研究。     

完善我国油气勘探资金筹措渠道的探讨

本文针对我国目前油气勘探资金贫乏、渠道单一的现象,提出了通过建立石油股票和债券市场实施公司投资,开辟地质市场和引进外资等方式来完善我国油气勘探资金的筹措渠道,以促进油气勘探业的发展。     

鄂尔多斯盆地油气田勘探开发水土流失预防治理

水土保持工作是油气田安全生产、推进绿色生态文明建设的重要保障。鄂尔多斯盆地油气资源具有“低渗、低压、低丰度”的三低特性，油气开发过程用地分散、单点用地少、总量需求大，同时油区地形复杂多样、气候反差明显、自然环境脆弱，其水土保持更具重要性。文章结合鄂尔多斯盆地油气田勘探开发实际，总结经验，剖析案例，提出水土保持新思路，从超前部署、综合防治、强化监管、自主验收等方面阐述如何强化水土流失预防与治理工作，以期为该地区油气田企业勘探开发过程水土保持提供借鉴。     

虚拟现实技术及其在石油勘探开发中的应用

石油勘探开发是一个庞杂的系统，需要最大程度地获取地下信息。而虚拟现实技术可很好地描述真实的物体，在总结虚拟现实技术研究现状的基础上，阐述了虚拟现实技术在石油勘探开发领域的应用动态。目前，在钻井工程、地震资料解释、海洋石油工程、油田开发工程等方面引入了虚拟现实技术，显示了虚拟现实技术在石油勘探开发中广阔的应用前景。     

Effects of Disturbance Associated With Seismic Exploration for Oil and Gas Reserves in Coastal Marshes

Anthropogenic disturbances in wetland ecosystems can alter the composition and structure of plant assemblages and affect system functions. Extensive oil and gas extraction has occurred in wetland habitats along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast since the early 1900s. Activities involved with three-dimensional (3D) seismic exploration for these resources cause various disturbances to vegetation and soils. We documented the impact of a 3D seismic survey in coastal marshes in Louisiana, USA, along transects established before exploration began. Two semi-impounded marshes dominated by Spartina patens were in the area surveyed. Vegetation, soil, and water physicochemical data were collected before the survey, about 6 weeks following its completion, and every 3 months thereafter for 2 years. Soil cores for seed bank emergence experiments were also collected. Maximum vegetation height at impact sites was reduced in both marshes 6 weeks following the survey. In one marsh, total vegetation cover was also reduced, and dead vegetation cover increased, at impact sites 6 weeks after the survey. These effects, however, did not persist 3 months later. No effects on soil or water properties were identified. The total number of seeds that germinated during greenhouse studies increased at impact sites 5 months following the survey in both marshes. Although some seed bank effects persisted 1 year, these effects were not reflected in standing vegetation. The marshes studied were therefore resilient to the impacts resulting from 3D seismic exploration because vegetation responses were short term in that they could not be identified a few months following survey completion.     

Persistence and developmental transition of wide seismic lines in the western Boreal Plains of Canada

This study examined the fate of seismic lines utilized in oil and gas exploration in Canada's western Boreal Plains. It retrospectively followed the persistence, recovery and developmental transition of seismic lines established between the 1960s and the mid-1970s through to 2003. We examined lines that passed through three forest types; aspen, white spruce, and lowland black spruce. In general, the recovery rates of seismic lines to woody vegetation were low. After 35 years, 8.2% of seismic lines across all forest types had recovered to greater than 50% cover of woody vegetation. Only the upland forest types recovered; aspen and white spruce. Most seismic lines ( approximately 65% at 35 years) remained in a cleared state with a cover of low forbs. The most common transition for seismic lines was to tracked access ( approximately 20% at 35 years). Transition to other anthropogenic developments such as roads, pipelines, buildings, and timber harvest blocks was 5% after 35 years. The pulse of industrial activity initiated in the mid-1990s greatly increased the transition rate of seismic to tracked access for a short period of time. The discussion focused on natural and anthropogenic factors that hinder recovery and on the management directions that would facilitate greater recovery rates.     

Exploration and development of Iran's oilfields through buyback

The use of buyback for the development of oil and gas fields is an established mechanism in Iran. Current legislation authorizes the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) to use buyback for both exploration and development. The buyback scheme can be defined as a risk service contract, under which the contractor is paid back by being allocated a portion of oil/gas produced as a result of providing services. Buyback is based upon a defined scope of work, a capital cost ceiling, a fixed remuneration fee and a defined cost recovery period. When buyback is used for both exploration and development, the specifications of the field to be developed are unknown at the time of contracting and therefore agreement on the scope of work, duration of development operations, ceiling for capital costs, fixed remuneration fee, and duration of cost recovery need to be deferred to the time when a commercial field is discovered. This article first outlines the introduction of buyback for development of Iran's oil and gas fields. It then examines the main features of the mechanism. Third, the use of buyback for both exploration and development is explored and related challenges discussed. Finally, the article reviews the new buyback model proposed by NIOC to address these challenges.     

高含硫天然气勘探开发潜在危害分析与防范

川东北地区大型天然气矿藏中硫化氢含量较高,且带有高剧毒性和高腐蚀性,勘探开发难度较大。同时气田所处区域的岩土条件十分脆弱,洪涝、大风、冰雹等气候灾害经常发生,易引发泥石流、滑坡,形成地质灾害。另外气田所在地人口密度大,给勘探开发设施布局和居民安全带来很大困难。文章通过对川东北地区天然气勘探、开发过程中存在的潜在危害进行详细分析,提出风险防范技术与对策,以供参考。