综采工作面粉尘浓度分布的数值解法

分析工作面流场和粉尘分布的特点，采用气──固两相流原理，导出描述综采工作面粉尘分布的数学模型。用数值方法一有限容积法求解数学模型，编制了计算综采工作面三维空间内风速和粉尘浓度分布的计算机程序。     

大采高综采工作面风流-呼吸带粉尘分布数值模拟

为了研究大采高综采工作面在多工序、多尘源情况下的呼吸带范围粉尘质量浓度分布,运用Fluent软件对井下大采高综采工作面风流分布、粉尘运移、呼吸带高度范围粉尘质量浓度分布进行模拟研究,并结合现场实测对比分析.结果 表明,采煤机械设备的影响使得工作面空间体积发生突变,造成采煤机附近局部风速增大,并且在采煤机下风侧附近产生3 m/s的湍流.湍流使得运移到此处的粉尘发生扩散,致使湍流下风侧呼吸带粉尘质量浓度剧烈升高十几倍.根据实测数据与模拟结果对比分析:采煤机下风侧10～20 m是粉尘防治的重要区域;而在采煤机下风侧30 m以后的范围,巷道中心部位呼吸带高度粉尘受风流影响漂浮在空中而不易沉降,导致粉尘质量浓度居高不下,此范围也是重点防尘区域.     

综采工作面粉尘污染状况研究

用FC-4型粉尘采样仪器对综采工作面在顺风割煤、逆风割煤、移架以及放顶煤四种不同工作条件下进行粉尘浓度测定,分析粉尘在不同工作条件下造成工作面污染的基本规律,得出采煤机割煤是工作面粉尘的第一大来源,最大粉尘浓度可达890mg/m3,移架是综采工作面粉尘的第二大来源,放煤的高度和次数对工作面的污染有很大影响.同时,指出采取综合的粉尘防治措施才是降低工作污染程度的最佳办法.     

综采工作面粉尘污染状况研究

用FC-4型粉尘采样仪器对综采工作面在顺风割煤、逆风割煤、移架以及放顶煤四种不同工作条件下进行粉尘浓度测定,分析粉尘在不同工作条件下造成工作面污染的基本规律,得出采煤机割煤是工作面粉尘的第一大来源,最大粉尘浓度可达890mg／m^3,移架是综采工作面粉尘的第二大来源,放煤的高度和次数对工作面的污染有很大影响。同时,指出采取综合的粉尘防治措施才是降低工作污染程度的最佳办法。     

采煤工作面粉尘浓度分布及传感器的部署

为给煤矿井下采煤工作面上粉尘浓度传感器的安放位置提供理论依据,建立了回采工作面巷道几何模型,根据气体、尘粒运动方程和欧拉-拉格朗日方法中的离散相模型,采用Fluent软件仿真井下采煤工作面及回风巷粉尘浓度的分布情况.仿真结果表明:粉尘在司机后方10-20m 处粉尘浓度达到最大,在司机30m后趋于稳定,粉尘传感器应放置在回风巷距综采工作面的距离小于或等于10m的位置.     

天井掘进通风风流形态及粉尘分布研究

以现场试验和模型实验对天井掘进时抽出式、压入式和混合式局部通风的风流结构及粉尘分布进行了研究。结果表明:压入式通风时约有10％的风量进入工作面;压入射流二次产尘强度为凿岩时的17％左右;现有的局部通风方法不可能使工作面粉尘浓度降到2mg/m~3以下;现行测尘方法不能准确反映工作面环境粉尘浓度。     

综采工作面空气幕隔尘理论研究

空气幕隔尘是综采工作面一项新的防尘技术.运用平面射流理论,针对综采工作面空间特点及风流特性,建立空气幕隔尘的数学模型,从理论上就隔尘空气幕两侧粉尘浓度分布和变化规律、空气幕隔尘效率及其与相关参数的关系进行深入研究.结果表明:1)司机侧粉尘浓度朝风流方向按指数规律不断增大,煤壁侧粉尘浓度则朝风流方向按指数规律不断下降,且两侧粉尘浓度变化速度快慢与空气幕射流卷吸风量大小有关,卷吸风量越大,两侧粉尘浓度变化速度越快;2)空气幕射流卷吸风量是影响其隔尘效果主要因素,卷吸风量越小,空气幕隔尘效率越高;3)在确定空气幕出口风速时,为保证其隔尘效率,应根据现场实测,取满足控制呼吸性粉尘所需的最小风速.     

综采工作面风流-粉尘运移规律的数值模拟

针对综采工作面粉尘浓度居高不下的问题,基于风流场和颗粒场特点,建立三维k-ε湍流模型,并利用混合差分格式和基于同位网格的SIMPLE算法作为风-尘颗粒两相流的数值解法,利用FLUENT软件进行数值模拟。通过与现场实测数据对比,发现模拟结果与实测数据相吻合。研究结果表明,最大风速可达入口风速的1.67倍,并沿程形成了长达15 m的高速风流带;从后滚筒开始的下风侧区域,粉尘浓度发生两次急剧的降低,由此提出了"三阶梯现象",用以指导现场工作和防尘作业。     

灵泉煤矿粉尘浓度分布规律的实测研究

为解决大流量工序定点短时测尘结果与工人实际接尘情况存在差距的问题,本文对综放工作面粉尘浓度现场测量,应用全工班呼吸性粉尘监测方法进行测尘。在实测和分析的基础上,采用平均数、标准差、累计百分比等统计学方法对监测结果进行了深入的分析,得出了综放工作面粉尘浓度的分布规律。以一定初速度从滚筒割煤处抛出的粉尘,在风流作用力、重力、底板和煤壁的吸附以及对落尘的反弹作用下沿程扩散。靠近底板和煤壁处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是双峰型曲线,距底板和煤壁较远处的总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线是单峰型曲线。按粉尘粒径大小,双峰型总粉尘浓度沿程分布曲线可以分为两个区域,一个是可沉降的大颗粒粉尘为主的区域,另一个是难以沉降的微细颗粒粉尘为主的区域。从而有利于矿山管理者有的放矢地采取防尘措施,减少投资,提高效率,确保劳动者健康。     

全工班呼吸性粉尘测定及防尘措施研究

针对呼吸性粉尘对矿井工人身体健康的危害,对煤矿综采工作面、综掘工作面、炮掘工作面等进行分工种个体性的全尘和呼尘监测,测定了各工作面粉尘(全尘和呼尘)的浓度、粉尘分散度和SiO2浓度。其结果表明:全工班呼吸性粉尘测定的方法更加真实可靠,更真实地反映了呼吸性粉尘对井下各操作工种的致病危害,测得的各工作面各工种的呼尘浓度均高于国家标准。通过数据的分析以及工人的建议,提出了一些新式的、有效的防尘措施来降低呼吸性粉尘对人体健康的危害。     

SBS干燥工艺中产品粉尘污染治理方案

SBS粉尘是近年出现的新型有机尘,人们对它的研究甚少.介绍了生产性粉尘的传播机理,对SBS干燥工艺过程中的产尘因素进行了分析,并提出了相应的处理措施,得出了降低SBS粉尘污染必须采取综合治理方案的结论,该方案对控制SBS粉尘有重要指导作用.     

转载点粉尘颗粒扩散运动规律的数值模拟

为解决车间转载点粉尘污染问题,利用数值模拟方法计算小空间粉尘颗粒的扩散规律和颗粒运动轨迹,同时借助虚拟现实和现代计算机技术进行颗粒运动轨迹的再现.转载点气流一般处于湍流状态,很难掌握全部粉尘颗粒的扩散规律,只能进行单个粉尘颗粒的受力分析,建立颗粒的一般性运动方程,再利用Lagrange法研究颗粒的运动轨迹方程,然后通过编程语言和虚拟现实技术反映到计算机上,把粉尘扩散轨迹呈现出来.研究成果对转载点粉尘的处理具有一定的实用价值.     

华能汕头电厂煤场自动喷雾防尘系统的研制

通过采用废水综合利用技术和远射程喷雾降尘技术,研制并应用计算机自动控制系统,智能控制整个煤场的喷洒降尘过程,可以有效防治电厂煤场的扬尘,取得较大的环境效益和经济效益。该综合技术属国内首创。     

250轧机、370轧机除尘系统设计研究

通过分析氧化钼烟尘的物化性质及扩散原理 ,提出了 2 5 0轧机、370轧机系统除尘设计方案     

轻型顶吸旋臂捕尘罩在高炉出铁口的应用

根据首钢3#高炉出铁场的特点,通过几种方案的比较,提出了轻型顶吸旋转悬臂罩捕集方案,论述了该罩的特点及参数.实践证明,该方案完全可行,可为同类高炉出铁场除尘推广使用.     

Scaling of dust explosion violence from laboratory scale to full industrial scale – A challenging case history from the past

The standardized K_St parameter still seems to be widely used as a universal criterion for ranking explosion violence to be expected from various dusts in given industrial situations. However, this may not be a generally valid approach. In the case of dust explosion venting, the maximum pressure P_max generated in a given vented industrial enclosure is not only influenced by inherent dust parameters (dust chemistry including moisture, and sizes and shapes of individual dust particles). Process-related parameters (degree of dust dispersion, cloud turbulence, and dust concentration) also play key roles. This view seems to be confirmed by some results from a series of large scale vented dust explosion experiments in a 500 m³ silo conducted in Norway by CMI, (now GexCon AS) during 1980–1982. Therefore, these results have been brought forward again in the present paper. The original purpose of the 500 m³ silo experiments was to obtain correlations between P_max in the vented silo and the vent area in the silo top surface, for two different dusts, viz. a wheat grain dust collected in a Norwegian grain import silo facility, and a soya meal used for production of fish farming food. Both dusts were tested in the standard 20-L-sphere in two independent laboratories, and also in the Hartmann bomb in two independent laboratories. P_max and (dP/dt)_max were significantly lower for the soya meal than for the wheat grain dust in all laboratory tests. Because the available amount of wheat grain dust was much larger than the quite limited amount of available soya meal, a complete series of 16 vented silo experiments was first performed with the wheat grain dust, starting with the largest vent area and ending with the smallest one. Then, to avoid unnecessary laborious changes of vent areas, the first experiment with soya dust was performed with the smallest area. The dust cloud in the silo was produced in exactly the same way as with the wheat grain dust. However, contrary to expectations based on the laboratory-scale tests, the soya meal exploded more violently in the large silo than the wheat grain dust, and the silo was blown apart in the very first experiment with this material. The probable reason is that the two dusts responded differently to the dust cloud formation process in the silo on the one hand and in the laboratory-scale apparatuses on the other. This re-confirms that a differentiated philosophy for design of dust explosion vents is indeed needed. Appropriate attention must be paid to the influence of the actual dust cloud generation process on the required vent area. The location and type of the ignition source also play important roles. It may seem that tailored design has to become the future solution for tackling this complex reality, not least for large storage silos. It is the view of the present author that the ongoing development of CFD-based computer codes offers the most promising line of attack. This also applies to design of systems for dust explosion isolation and suppression.     

外部条件对玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸特性的影响

为了探明外部条件对玉米淀粉粉尘爆炸特性参数的影响,利用20 L球形爆炸装置进行试验测试,探讨了点火能量及粉尘含水量对粉尘爆炸特性的影响,对比研究了CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3两种惰性介质的抑爆效果。结果表明:随点火能量增加,粉尘最大爆炸压力和最大升压速率呈线性上升,在高质量浓度下,粉尘爆炸压力受点火能量的影响更显著;添加CaCO_3和Al(OH)_3能够降低玉米淀粉的爆炸压力,相对于CaCO_3的物理抑爆,Al(OH)_3的物理-化学抑爆效果更佳;玉米淀粉粉尘的最大爆炸压力及爆炸升压速率随粉尘含水量降低而不断增大。     

Occupational Risk Identification Using Hand-Held or Laptop Computers

This paper describes the Work Environment Profile (WEP) program and its use in risk identification by computer. It is installed into a hand-held computer or a laptop to be used in risk identification during work site visits. A 5-category system is used to describe the identified risks in 7 groups, i.e., accidents, biological and physical hazards, ergonomic and psychosocial load, chemicals, and information technology hazards. Each group contains several qualifying factors. These 5 categories are colour-coded at this stage to aid with visualization. Risk identification produces visual summary images the interpretation of which is facilitated by colours. The WEP program is a tool for risk assessment which is easy to learn and to use both by experts and nonprofessionals. It is especially well adapted to be used both in small and in larger enterprises. Considerable time is saved as no paper notes are needed.     

Occupational risk identification using hand-held or laptop computers.

This paper describes the Work Environment Profile (WEP) program and its use in risk identification by computer. It is installed into a hand-held computer or a laptop to be used in risk identification during work site visits. A 5-category system is used to describe the identified risks in 7 groups, i.e., accidents, biological and physical hazards, ergonomic and psychosocial load, chemicals, and information technology hazards. Each group contains several qualifying factors. These 5 categories are colour-coded at this stage to aid with visualization. Risk identification produces visual summary images the interpretation of which is facilitated by colours. The WEP program is a tool for risk assessment which is easy to learn and to use both by experts and nonprofessionals. It is especially well adapted to be used both in small and in larger enterprises. Considerable time is saved as no paper notes are needed.