成都市郊区雾水中阴离子变化的研究

本文用冷凝法采集雾水样品,用离子色谱法测定雾水样品中阴离子(氟离子、氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、硝酸根离子、硫酸根离子)的浓度,研究表明雾水中阴离子浓度与雾的浓密有关,雾水中硫酸根离子含量最高;雾水中阴离子浓度随大雾的消失而降低;雾水中阴离子浓度大于雨水。所得结果对在大雾天气情况下保护人体健康有一定参考意义。     

分享与快乐——根与芽日

200 3年1 1月2 3日来自北京、天津,浙江,厦门的2 5个根与芽环保小组的300多名同学欢聚在北京交通大学,共同庆祝自己的节日——“根与芽日”。根与芽环保小组的同学们聚在一起,组成了热闹的展示会。每个小组都设有自己的展台,他们通过图表、图片、模型、数据等各种形式向大家展示小组为改善环境、关爱动物、     

梦清园芦苇湿地根际微生物特性研究

本文通过对上海市梦清园芦苇湿地净化苏州河污染水体的示范工程采样分析，结果表明芦苇根际的微生物数量、酶的活性高于非根际的土壤。根际细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量均比非根际多，R／S平均值分别为70．3、9．5、2．9。相对于硝酸细菌而言亚硝酸细菌的根际效应较为明显，无论根际还是非根际的亚硝酸细菌数量均高于硝酸细菌的数量。根际细菌和硝化细菌数量随着水力停留时间增加而增加，而根际反硝化细菌数量则减少。菌剂和酶制剂的加入使得非根际泥样异养细菌、真菌、放线菌和亚硝酸细菌比对照组稍高，硝酸细菌和反硝化细菌则较少；而根际泥样中加菌剂和酶制剂组微生物数量比空白组高出1—2个数量级，在投加菌和酶制剂后酶活性无论在根际还是非根际都得到提高，高于对照组约5—6个酶活单位。     

荞麦不同器官总黄酮含量的日变化研究

研究荞麦初花期不同器官总黄酮含量的日变化趋势、最佳取样时间和取样部位,为养麦的综合开发利用提供理论依据.对4份来自不同地区的甜荞和苦养不同器官的总黄酮含量进行了日变化研究.结果表明,一天中同一品种不同器官中的黄酮含量均表现为花>叶>茎>根,且花和叶中的含量显著大于茎和根,不同品种各器官中总黄酮含量的日变化差异较大.     

重庆雾的声雷达回波与大气SO2浓度的对比分析

本文分析了重庆１９８９年１２月３０日雾的声雷达回波特征与浓雾天气的关系，讨论了雾日大气ＳＯ２地面浓度状况。结果表明，声雷达回波与雾的定变有较好的对应；地面污染物浓度与声雷达回波所反应的大气层结状况关系密切，３００－４００米高度上的逆温层维持较长时间是加重当日大气ＳＯ２地面浓度的重要原因。     

开展四护行动 维护湿地健康——岳阳市30万学子用行动纪念第十二届世界湿地日

2008年2月2日，是第十二届世界湿地日，其主题为“健康的湿地，健康的人类”。由湖南岳阳市环保志愿者协会主办的纪念今年湿地日活动，于1月上中旬在该市11个县（市、区）的城关学校陆续展开，有30多万青少年接受教育与实践。1月6日，岳阳市的20多所学校在车站、公园、广场等地举行了声势浩大的宣传活动。1月13日，主办者在君山区召开现场会议，交流该区各校实施“平安湿地网络行动，保护东洞庭湖湿地”的经验以及部署今年湿地日活动。     

近10年果洛地区雾的气候特征及成因分析

选取2004~2013年果洛6县雾的出现时间及雾日08时的各种地面观测气象资料,分析了果洛地区雾的时空分布、年际变化及成因。结果表明:果洛地区雾全都出现在凌晨至次日上午,且最低气温较前一日下降,因此果洛地区主要以辐射雾为主。近10年来果洛地区雾每年以0.185次的趋势增加,久治是雾出现最多的县,其次是甘德,班玛则没有雾。8月份是玛沁、久治雾的高频期,甘德、达日雾多出现在7~10月,玛多的雾则在11月出现最多。湿度大、温度下降、风速较小是果洛地区雾形成的重要条件。另外,果洛地区较开阔的地形更有利于雾的形成。     

在不同相对湿度条件下雾对空气质量的影响

城市中雾的出现一般会加重空气污染,但相关研究表明：雾对空气质量的影响并不是单一的,也有清除的作用.利用2002-2005年乌鲁木齐地区空气自动监测数据及相关气象数据,统计了乌鲁木齐地区雾日的出现频率和特点,分析了在不同的相对湿度条件下雾对地面大气污染的作用.选择典型性雾日对大气污染物（PM10、SO2、NO2）浓度变化进行讨论.结果表明：①相对湿度＞90%的雾出现频率最低,对各种大气污染物都有明显的清除作用;②相对湿度＜80%的雾出现频率高,对各种大气污染物的污染程度都有明显的加重作用;③相对湿度介于80%～90%之间的雾出现频率较高,它对于各种大气污染物的清除或污染加重作用各不相同.     

我国沿海大气中盐雾含量与分布

本文叙述了沿海大气中盐雾的来源与特性及其对电工电子产品的危害，着重论述了我国沿海大气中盐雾含量与沉降量的分布情况及影响大气盐雾含量分布的因素。另外，对内陆盐碱尘、工业污染盐尘的分布也作了介绍。可供电工电子产品环境技术及有关标准制订工作者参考。     

汽车用钢板盐雾试验中的腐蚀行为探讨及优化

介绍了汽车用钢板常见的盐雾试验种类及原理，以G公司过往盐雾试验结果为例，分析阐述了镀锌板和冷轧板在不同盐雾环境下的腐蚀行为差异，并对当前腐蚀评价方法存在的课题进行探讨和优化。为了提高盐雾试验可靠性和稳定性，提出相关优化方案：(1)镀锌板腐蚀验证建议采用CCT循环盐雾试验，冷轧板腐蚀验证建议以SST中性盐雾试验为主，CCT循环盐雾试验为辅进行开展；(2)盐雾试验表面划线建议采用标准刀具+划线器的方式进行划线。     

温、湿度试验中结露的产生与预防措施探讨

从环境试验的概念出发，简要介绍了温、湿度试验中结露的危害，通过对结露产生的原因进行理论上的分析，给出了几种常见温、湿度变化模式下结露的避免方法。     

Is dew water potable? Chemical and biological analyses of dew water in Ajaccio (Corsica Island, France)

To determine to what extent dew water is potable without further treatment, a thorough set of chemical and biological analyses were performed on 10 samples of dew water collected on a large scale radiative collector (29.83 m2) in Ajaccio (Corsica Island, France), between 21 May 2002 and 5 Mar. 2003. Samples were collected following four protocols according to the dew volume amount and 48 parameters (ions, minerals, and bacteria) were analyzed and compared to French and European Union legislation and also World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Aluminum and Fe were the main pollutants whose concentrations were significantly larger than recommended. Their presence is due to local deposition of aerosols coming from the Sahara (a characteristic of the Mediterranean basin). A large number of biologically cultivable microorganisms were found, together with bacteria typical of fecal contamination. For dew water to be potable with respect to present legislation at the Ajaccio site, it should be disinfected and treated for turbidity.     

浅谈污水厂污泥堆肥化技术

堆肥化技术是使污水厂污泥达到稳定化和无害化的一种经济而有效的手段。目前常用的污泥堆肥化系统可以划分为:条垛系统,强制通风静态垛系统和发酵槽系统。为了加快微生物对污泥中有机物的降解转化,提高处理能力,可对以下因素进行控制:C/N比,含水率,空隙率,温度和通风。在判定污泥堆肥腐熟上,建议采用与氮有关的参数如氨氮、亚硝酸和硝酸盐氮等作为污泥堆肥一般性熟化判定指标。     

成都市雾霾期间气象要素与环境空气质量状况的对比分析

成都市2013年1月8日～ 20日期间出现了大范围的连续雾霾天气,环境空气质量持续超标.本文收集了该时间段连续5年的地面气象观测资料及环境空气质量数据,通过统计、对比等方式对其变化规律进行了初步分析,为雾霾的成因分析和大气污染控制提供参考.     

FOG DRIP IN THE BULL RUN MUNICIPAL WATERSHED,OREGON1

ABSTRACT: Net precipitation under old growth Douglas fir forest in the Bull Run Municipal Watershed (Portland, Oregon) totaled 1739 mm during a 4Cbweek period, 387 mm more than in adjacent clearcut areas. Expressing data on a full water year basis and adjusting gross precipitation for losses due to rainfall interception suggest fog drip could have added 882 mm (35 in) of water to total precipitation during a year when precipitation measured 2160 mm in a rain gage in a nearby clearing. Standard rain gages installed in open areas where fog is common may be collecting up to 30 percent less precipitation than would be collected in the forest. Long term forest management (Le., timber harvest) in the watershed could reduce annual water yield and, more importantly, summer stream flow by reducing fog drip.     

渤海西部局地大雾变化趋势及成因分析

利用2002-2012年秦皇岛地区4个气象站大雾监测及Micaps 3.0常规资料,对比分析卢龙与沿海站大雾的时空尺度分布特征,对大雾持续时间、日数进行跨月、跨年统计,从中筛选出189个样本个例进行变化趋势分析。对典型17个过程个例按能见度大小进行3级设定,对应其同步天气背景,分析大雾偏多的成因。     

Fog collection's role in water planning for developing countries

In certain locations, the combination of meteorological conditions and topography are such that persistent fogs cover coastal or interior mountains. The droplets from these fogs are collected by trees or other tall vegetation. They can also be collected by appropriately designed man-made collectors, to provide large volumes of water for domestic, agriculture or forestry uses. The largest project to date has provided, since March 1992, an average of 11 000 litres of water per day (*****l/d) to a village of 330 people in the arid coastal desert of northern Chile. This project and others are reviewed. The impact of the deforestation of high elevation areas, and the subsequent loss of fog water input in a watershed are discussed, as are guidelines for water planners.     

Organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall and dew in a Japanese pine forest

We analyzed low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall under pine forest, and organic acids in dew on chemically inert surfaces and pine needle surfaces at urban- and mountain-facing sites of pine forest in western Japan. Low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes accounted for less than 5% of the dissolved organic carbon in throughfall at both sites. Formaldehyde at both sites and formate at the mountain-facing site were found at significantly lower concentrations in throughfall than in rainfall, which may be explained by the degradation and/or retention of these components by the pine canopy as the incident precipitation passed through it. The oxalate concentration in throughfall was significantly higher than those in rainfall at both sites, suggesting that oxalate was derived from leaching from the pine foliage. At both sites, organic acid concentrations were higher in dew on the pine needles than in throughfall or dew on chemically inert surfaces. This could be due to the long contact time of dew on pine needles, during which leached substances from pine needles and dry deposits accumulated on their surfaces can dissolve into the small volume of dew. The role of enhanced concentrations of oxalate in an aqueous phase on the plant surfaces (e.g., dew) is discussed in relation to hydroxyl radical formation via the photo-Fenton reaction.     

低温试验系统中露点温度控制的节能技术

本文通过对低温系统露点温度控制技术的分析,指出该控制模式存在的不足,提出采用露点模式和时间程序模式相结合的露点节能控制模式对空气的干燥度和使用工况进行监控,从而实现对低湿度干燥空气的露点温度的智能监控.同时对两种控制模式耗能进行比较,指出露点节能控制模式明显优于单纯的时间程序控制模式,为低温系统露点控制提供了新的测控手段.