针铁矿对重金属Pb^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附特征

本文采用平衡振荡法，主要探讨了重金属铅和镉在针铁矿上的环境行为。研究结果表明针铁矿对重金属有较强的吸附作用。在pH一定时，针铁矿对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附率随着初始浓度的增加而增大。随着介质pH升高，针铁矿对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的吸附量与吸附率均增大，最大吸附率可达到99．71％和99．46％，而解吸量则随之降低。在高pH条件下，针铁矿对Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的结合牢固，且与Pb^2＋的稳定度大于Cd^2＋。研究表明，环境中针铁矿对铅、镉等重金属的环境化学行为具有重要的影响。利用针铁矿处理含Pb^2＋和Cd^2＋的污水具有良好的应用潜力。     

Pb2+、Cr6+、Cd2+单一及其复合污染对白蝴蝶叶片CAT、POD活性的影响

采用室内溶液培养法研究了Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋、Cd^2＋单一及其复合污染对白蝴蝶叶片过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响。结果表明在处理浓度范围内，处理后白蝴蝶叶片CAT活性明显高于对照，随着各处理浓度的增加，表现先升高后降低最后再上升的趋势。经Cd^2＋及复合污染处理后，白蝴蝶叶片内POD活性变化趋势与CAT活性相似；但是经Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋处理后，其POD活性变化趋势与CAT不同，即在高浓度处理下，POD活性明显低于对照。当处理浓度为100mg／L时，POD活性随着处理时间的延长表现出先升高再降低的趋势。可以认为，酶活性升高是由于白蝴蝶对Pb^2＋、Cr^6＋、Cd^2＋单一及其复合胁迫做出的应激反应。     

无花果曲霉对铅的吸附研究

本文研究了无花果曲霉对Pb２+的吸附能 力和各种影响因素，包括菌丝球 与Pb２+的接触反应时间、Pb２+浓度、原初pH值，温度。结果表明：温度对吸 附影响不大，该菌丝球吸附铅的最佳pH范围为４．０～５．０，Pb２+浓度在２０mg/ L～１００mg/L范围内，吸附量为８．９２７mg/g～２２．１２０mg/g。吸附进行１０min， 吸附量已达到最终吸附量的７９．６６％，在吸附进行３h以后趋于平衡。在２０mg/L Pb２+浓度时，其吸附过程符合方程：R＝Rmax×T（Km＋T）。     

活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附性能的研究

研究了pH值、吸附接触时间、铜离子的初始浓度及活性炭纤维（ACF）的投加量对活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋的影响，并选取了最佳的实验条件。用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合活性炭纤维对Cu2＋吸附等温线，结果表明：活性炭纤维吸附Cu2＋更符合Langmuir等温式，其相关系数为0．9995，以单分子层吸附为主。对活性炭纤维改性能明显提高对Cu2＋的吸附，其中效果最佳的吸附量从4．8mg／g增加到17．32mg／g，提高了3．6倍。     

活性污泥吸附重金属Cr6+的研究

以活性污泥为材料，采用不同时间、温度、pH进行吸附重金属Cr^6 的研究。实验结果表明，当吸附时间为15min，吸附温度为28℃，吸附pH=7时具有较好吸附效果。在此条件下，当重金属Cr^6 浓度为50mg/L，其吸附率可达97．2％。     

活性污泥吸附重金属Cr6+的研究

以活性污泥为材料,采用不同时间、温度、pH进行吸附重金属Cr^6 的研究。实验结果表明,当吸附时间为15min,吸附温度为28℃,吸附pH=7时具有较好吸附效果。在此条件下,当重金属Cr^6 浓度为50mg/L,其吸附率可达97．2％。     

无花果曲霉菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色研究

生物吸附法是染料废水处理中很有前途的一种方法。本文将培养的无花果曲霉菌丝球用于蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色，研究了培养时间、温度、转速、pH值及盐浓度、不同碳源、不同氮源对菌丝球脱色的影响；比较了活菌与死菌的脱色效果；探讨了菌丝球重复利用对脱色率的影响。结果表明：培养时间为72h，温度为33℃，转速为150rpm，pH值为6．0，盐浓度为0.5％，以乳糖为碳源、硝酸钠为氮源时，菌丝球对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色效果最好：活菌对染料的吸附性能比死菌好；菌丝球在重复利用了四次后，脱色率仍达85．7％。     

不同pH值条件下的烟曲霉对腐殖酸吸附特性研究

采用投加烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)菌丝球的批式实验方法去除水中的腐殖酸,研究了p H值变化对烟曲霉菌丝球吸附腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,烟曲霉菌丝球对腐殖酸有较好的吸附效果。pH值对烟曲霉菌丝球吸附腐殖酸有较大影响,pH值为4.0时吸附效果最好,吸附量为7.81 mg/g。     

茄子秸杆活性炭对染料废水的吸附性能研究

以茄子秸秆为原料，ZnCl2为活化剂制备粉末状活性炭，主要研究了活性炭对染料废水的吸附性能；以活性红X-3B和酸性蓝RL为模型染料，考察了染料初始浓度、pH值、活性炭投加量和吸附时间等对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明，染料初始浓度和活性炭投加量对染料脱色率影响较大。初始浓度为300mg／L时，活性炭的最佳投加量分别为1g／L和1．4g／L；在最佳工艺条件下，脱色率分别在93％和98％以上，COD去除率分别为94．5％和86．4％，出水水质达到国家一级《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB 4287—1992）。     

啤酒酵母吸附去除水中Cu(Ⅱ)的研究

通过以实验室培养的啤酒酵母作生物吸附剂对Cu（Ⅱ）进行了研究.结果表明：啤酒酵母对Cu^2＋的吸附是一个快速的过程,最佳pH为4,其等温吸附过程以Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合效果最好.此外,菌体用量也会影响啤酒酵母对的吸附效果,其经济的菌体用量浓度与Cu^2＋浓度比约为100：1.     

Fungal inoculum properties: extracellular enzyme expression and pentachlorophenol removal in highly contaminated field soils

This study was conducted to improve the pentachlorophenol (PCP) bioremediation ability of white-rot fungi in highly contaminated field soils by manipulating bioaugmentation variables. These were the dry weight percentage of fungal inoculum addition (31-175 g kg(-1)), PCP concentration (100-2137 mg kg(-1) PCP), fungal inoculum formulation, and time (1-7 wk). Five fungal isolates were used: the New Zealand isolates Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) HR131 and Trametes sp. HR577; the North American isolates Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. (two isolates) and Phanerochaete sordida (Karst.) Erikss. & Ryv. Pentachlorophenol removal, manganese peroxidase, and laccase activity, and the formation of chloroanisoles in the contaminated field soils were measured. The majority of PCP removed by the Trametes isolates was in the first week after bioaugmentation. The maximum PCP removal by the fungi varied from 50 to 65% from a 1065 mg kg(-1) PCP contaminated field soil. Pentachlorophenol was preferentially converted to pentachloroanisole (PCA) by the Phanerochaete isolates (>60%), while 2 to 9% of the PCP removed by two Trametes isolates was converted to PCA. A pH increase was measured following bioaugmentation that was dependent on PCP concentration, fungal inoculum addition, and formulation. This, together with rapid initial PCP removal, possibly changed the bioavailability of the remaining PCP to the fungi and significantly decreased the sequestering of PCP in the contaminated field soils. The research supports the conclusion that New Zealand Trametes spp. can rapidly remove PCP in contaminated field soils. Bioavailability and extractability of PCP in the contaminated field soil may significantly increase after bioaugmentation.     

TiO2光催化降解有机颜料艳红RGS母液研究

以TiO2为催化剂,对有机颜料艳红RGS母液进行了一系列光催化降解试验.考察了催化剂用量、溶液pH值、初始浓度、不同光源和照射时间对脱色率的影响.结果表明,溶液相对初始浓度为0.2、pH<8、催化剂用量为1g/L时,以紫外灯(254nm)为光源,反应120 min,脱色率可达93%以上.     

Biosorption of Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions by dried marine green macroalga Chaetomorpha linum

The biosorption of the heavy metals Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ by dried marine green macroalga (Chaetomorpha linum) was investigated. The biosorption capacities of the dried alga for copper and zinc were studied at different solution pH values (2–6), different algal particle sizes (100–800 μm) and different initial metal solution concentrations (0.5–10 mM). An optimum pH value of 5 was found suitable for both metal ions biosorption for both metal ions. At the optimum particle size (100–315 μm), biosorbent dosage (20 g/l) and initial solution pH (pH 5), the dried alga produced maximum copper and zinc uptakes values (q_max) of 1.46 and 1.97 mmol/g respectively (according to the Langmuir model). The kinetic data obtained at different initial metal concentrations indicated that the biosorption rate was fast and most of the process was completed within 120 min. This study illustrated an alternative technique for the management of unwanted biological materials using processed algal material. C. linum is one of the fast-growing marine algae in the lake of Tunis and could be utilized as a biosorbent for the treatment of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ contaminated wastewater streams.     

不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯处理含镉废水的研究

本文以环氧氯丙烷与淀粉进行交联反应，然后再进行黄原酸化反应制得不溶性淀粉黄原酸酯（ISX），用ISX对含镉废水进行了处理试验，对其去除效果及影响因素进行了实验研究，并对其去除机理进行了初步探讨。试验结果表明，当其用量为651mg／L时，Cd^2＋离子去除率达99．30％。与其它方法相比，该法具有成本低、操作简单、无毒无害、易于分离、去除率高，回收废渣处理不会引起二次污染等优点。     

Biosorption of heavy metals by activated sludge and their desorption characteristics

The biosorption of different metals (Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Pb2+) was investigated using activated sludge. The optimum pH was 4 for Cd, Cu and Pb sorption and 5 for Ni and Zn. Biomass metal uptake clearly competed with protons present in the aqueous medium, making pH an important variable in the process. Protons consumed by biomass in control tests versus protons exchange in biosorption tests confirmed a maximum exchange between metal cations and protons at pH 2. The study of the influence of biomass concentration revealed that the amount of protons released from biomass increased with biomass concentration. This would confirm the hypothesis of ion exchange between both types of ions. The application of the Langmuir and Freundlich models showed a better fitting of experimental data to the first model. The maximum sorption uptake of the studied metals by the activated sludge showed the following decreasing order: Pb>Cu>CdZn>Ni. Desorption experiments showed that HCl was a good eluent for the five metals tested, particularly at low pH values (1 and 2). At pH 3 or 4 the desorption yield was significantly lower. However, its use did not allow the reuse of biomass in subsequent loading and unloading cycles. EDTA was also a good desorption agent, achieving the total recovery for the five metals tested at a concentration of 1mM, with the advantage that biomass could be reused for three sorption-desorption cycles.     

Adsorption characteristics of Cu and Ni on Irish peat moss

Peat has been widely used as a low cost adsorbent to remove a variety of materials including organic compounds and heavy metals from water. Various functional groups in lignin allow such compounds to bind on active sites of peat. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) from aqueous solutions on Irish peat moss was studied both as a pure ion and from their binary mixtures under both equilibrium and dynamic conditions in the concentration range of 5-100mg/L. The pH of the solutions containing either Cu(2+) or Ni(2+) was varied over a range of 2-8. The adsorption of Cu(2+) and Ni(+2) on peat was found to be pH dependent. The adsorption data could be fitted to a two-site Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity of peat was determined to be 17.6 mg/g for Cu(2+) and 14.5mg/g for Ni(2+) at 298 K when the initial concentration for both Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) was 100mg/L, and the pH of the solution was 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. Column studies were conducted to generate breakthrough data for both pure component and binary mixtures of copper and nickel. Desorption experiments showed that 2mM EDTA solution could be used to remove all of the adsorbed copper and nickel from the bed.     

Attenuation of divalent toxic metal ions using natural sericitic pyrophyllite

The present study investigated the effectiveness of an inexpensive and ecofriendly alumino silicate clay mineral, sericitic pyrophyllite, as an adsorbent for the possible application in the removal of some divalent toxic metal cations such as Pb(2+), Cu(2+)and Zn(2+) from aqueous systems. Batch scale equilibrium adsorption studies were carried out for a wide range of initial concentration from 24.1 to 2410mumolL(-1) for lead, 78.65 to 7865mumolL(-1) for copper and 76.45 to 7645mumolL(-1) for zinc solutions. The removal of Pb(2+) was almost complete at low concentration (maximum lead removal capacity, LRC, 32mg of lead/g of pyrophyllite) with 10gL(-1) of adsorbent in a 30min equilibration time. The effects of temperature on adsorption of heavy metal ions were studied. The applicability of the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption models in each case of lead, copper and zinc adsorption was examined separately at different temperatures. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and the Freundlich adsorption model was found to represent the data at different temperatures more suitably.     

Performance of lime-BHA solidified plating sludge in the presence of Na2SiO3 and Na2CO3

This research investigated the performance of lime-BHA (black rice husk ash) solidified plating sludge with 2 wt% NaO from Na(2)SiO(3) and Na(2)CO(3) at the level of 0, 30 and 50 wt%. The sludge was evaluated for strength development, leachability, solution chemistry and microstructure. The lime-BHA solidified plating sludge with Na(2)SiO(3) and Na(2)CO(3) had higher early strength when compared to the control. The addition of Na(2)SiO(3) and Na(2)CO(3) increased the OH(-) concentration and decreased the Ca(2+) and heavy metal ions in solution after the first minute. The XRD patterns showed that the addition of Na(2)SiO(3) resulted in the formation of calcium silicate hydrates, while the addition of Na(2)CO(3) resulted in CaCO(3). The heavy metals from the plating sludge, especially Zn, were immobilized in calcium zincate and calcium zinc silicate forms for the lime-BHA with and without Na(2)SiO(3) solidified wastes, while samples with Na(2)CO(3) contained Zn that was fixed in the form of CaZnCO(3). The cumulative leaching of Fe, Cr and Zn from the lime-BHA solidified plating sludge decreased significantly when activators were added, especially Na(2)CO(3).     

Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials

The removal of heavy metals from plating factory wastewater with economical materials was investigated by the column method. Montmorillonite, kaolin, tobermorite, magnetite, silica gel and alumina were used as the economical adsorbents to wastewater containing Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II). This removal method of heavy metals proved highly effective as removal efficiency tended to increase with increasing pH and decrease with increasing metal concentration. The removal percentages by adsorption onto montmorillonite, tobermorite, magnetite, and silica gel showed high values for all metals. From the results for the heat of adsorption, the adsorption process in the present study might be chemisorption. The proposed method was successfully applied to the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in rinsing wastewater from plating factory in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since the economical adsorbents used can be obtained commercially because they are easily synthesized, the wastewater treatment system developed is rapid, simple and cheap for the removal of heavy metals.