铁-镧系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明:以铁、镧摩尔比为0.08的吸附剂除磷能力最强,吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著,pH在4.0~7.0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试,结果表明CO2-3对磷吸附量影响较大,给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生,再生率最高可达62.27%。     

铁-镧系合金氧化物污水除磷及再生简

采用共沉淀法制备了系列铁-镧系合金氧化物并研究其除磷能力。结果表明：以铁、镧摩尔比为0.08的吸附剂除磷能力最强，吸附曲线适合Langmuir等温线方程。该吸附剂的吸附量受pH影响显著，pH在4.0~7.0之间时吸附量较大。进行了抗共存阴离子能力测试，结果表明CO₃^2-对磷吸附量影响较大，给出了共存阴离子对吸附量的影响顺序。对该吸附剂进行了真空高温再生，再生率最高可达62.27%。     

锆、铁氧化物改性活性炭纤维的制备及其除磷性能

利用锆、铁氧化物对活性炭纤维进行改性,制备了一种新型高效除磷吸附剂——负载锆铁氧化物的活性炭纤维(ACF-ZrFe)。综合运用单因素实验与正交实验对吸附剂的制备条件进行优化,同时利用环境扫描电镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析对吸附剂表面性质及反应机理进行了探究。实验结果表明,ACF-ZrFe制备的最佳条件为:锆铁摩尔比7∶3,浸渍液中锆铁总浓度0.1mol/L,超声处理时间10min。当pH为4时,ACF-ZrFe对磷的吸附效果最显著。NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、F~-和Cl~-等共存阴离子对磷吸附有一定抑制作用,其作用强弱顺序为:F~-NO_3~-Cl~-SO_4~(2-)。Langmuir等温吸附模型很好地描述了ACF-ZrFe对水中磷的等温吸附行为,最大吸附量为27.03mg/g,吸附动力学满足准二级动力学模型,表明化学吸附是该反应的主要限速步骤。红外光谱分析及pH影响实验表明,ACF-ZrFe吸附磷的主要机理为阴离子配位体交换和静电吸附。     

秸秆基Li/Al层状双金属氢氧化物纳米复合吸附剂的制备及其除磷性能研究

将纳米Li/Al层状双金属氢氧化物(LDH)负载到改性小麦秸秆上制得秸秆基Li/Al LDH纳米复合吸附剂(简称复合吸附剂),并通过一系列单因素吸附试验对其除磷性能进行评价。结果表明:升高温度有利于该吸附剂的吸附;最佳吸附pH约为4;动力学实验表明,100min时吸附过程即可达到平衡;以NO_3~-、Cl-、SO_4~(2-)作为共存离子,3者对于复合吸附剂除磷的影响程度为SO_4~(2-)Cl-NO_3~-,且共存离子浓度较高时复合吸附剂对磷仍有较好的吸附选择性;脱附再生实验表明,使用5mol/L NaOH和0.01mol/L NaCl的混合溶液可达到较好的脱附效果。     

改性膨润土对水中磷和藻类的同步去除

为快速去除富营养化水体中的磷和藻类,制备了絮凝剂-镧复合改性膨润土(聚合氯化铝铁-镧复合改性膨润土(PAFC-La)、聚合硫酸铝-镧复合改性膨润土(PAS-La)、聚合硫酸铁-镧复合改性膨润土(PFS-La)、聚合氯化铝-镧复合改性膨润土(PAC-La)),对材料进行表征,通过吸附动力学和等温吸附模型比较4种复合改性膨润土的除磷性能,并探究投药量和pH对复合改性膨润土除磷除藻的影响。结果表明,4种材料吸附磷的过程均能由准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型描述。其中,PAC-La的磷吸附容量最大(44.677 mg/g);投药量为300 mg/L时,总磷(TP)去除率最高的是PAC-La(94.1%),叶绿素a(Chla)去除率最高的是PFS-La(78.2%);在pH为5～10时,PAC-La除磷除藻效果受pH影响最小。实验结果表明,采用絮凝剂-镧复合改性膨润土能够同步去除富营养化水体中的磷和藻类,尤其是采用PAC-La性能最优。     

镧铁负载给水厂污泥复合材料对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能及机理

采用沉淀法制备了镧铁负载给水厂污泥(DWTR)复合材料(LaFe-DWTR),对其微观形貌和理化性质进行了表征,考察了 LaFe-DWTR对水中PO43--P的吸附等温线和吸附动力学,探讨了吸附剂投加量、pH和共存离子对PO43--P吸附效果的影响,并揭示了可能的吸附机理.结果表明:相比DWTR,镧和铁负载的DWTR比...     

水合氧化铁负载D418树脂对磷的吸附性能研究

摘要利用原位沉淀法将水合氧化铁(HFO)负载于氨基膦酸树脂D418上,制备一种对污水中磷具有良好吸附性能的复合吸附剂(HFO-D418),研究了pH、共存离子对HFO-D418去除水中磷的影响,结合红外光谱对HFO-D418吸附磷的机制进行探讨。结果表明,D418与HFO-D418对磷的吸附均在pH为7.0时达到最佳,最大吸附量分别为9.21、36.12mg/g。共存离子的存在将降低两种吸附剂对磷的吸附量,相比而言,HFO-D418受共存离子的影响较D418小,4种共存离子中,CO_3~(2-)对吸附的影响最大,NO_3~-的影响最小。HFO-D418再生性能优异,以4%(质量分数,下同)NaOH+4%NaCl为解吸剂,经5次再生循环后HFO-D418解吸率仍为80%左右。D418与HFO-D418对磷的吸附过程符合准一级动力学方程,D418离子交换作用及HFO与磷的络合反应、静电吸引是HFO-D418吸附磷的主要作用机制。     

锆改性铝氧化物对水中磷的吸附特性

采用共沉淀法制备锆改性铝氧化物。在研究其对水中磷吸附特性的基础上,结合SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR和XPS等表征手段,分析吸附剂的结构组成以及反应前后的表面基团变化,探讨吸附除磷的机理。结果表明:Power动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型可以很好地描述锆改性铝氧化物对磷的吸附特征;在投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1)、溶液pH为7时,磷的饱和吸附量为76.63 mg·g~(-1);pH=4~6时,吸附剂除磷效果较好,在偏碱性环境下,磷吸附量明显降低;Cl~-和SiO_3~(2-)对磷的吸附有较强的抑制作用,且干扰效果随着阴离子浓度的升高而加强。通过材料表征结果可知,吸附剂呈无定型结构,表面含有丰富的羟基。该吸附剂的除磷机制主要为表面络合和离子交换作用。     

载纳米铁花生壳的制备及其吸附除磷性能

以花生壳为载体制备负载纳米铁的吸附材料,对其进行材料表征,并考察了其吸附除磷性能和重复使用的效果。结果表明:负载在花生壳上的氧化铁颗粒呈球形,粒径约为30~100 nm;随着浸渍铁盐浓度的提高,花生壳上铁的负载量、比表面积、吸附容量等都有不同程度的提高。载纳米铁花生壳吸附除磷的适宜pH值为6~7。吸附了磷的吸附剂可用稀氢氧化钠溶液再生,经过2个吸附-再生循环之后,吸附和再生的效果均趋于稳定,具有良好的应用前景。     

一种新型吸附材料的除磷性能研究

针对水体富营养化的磷，采用吸附法进行处理，制备出一种新型的除磷吸附剂，对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能进行了研究，结果表明，该吸附剂对磷酸盐的吸附速率很高，在酸性条件下，其最大吸附容量为34mg／g。当溶液pH值在1～3范围内，含磷浓度为50mg／L，吸附剂投加量为200mg，接触时间为2h，磷酸盐的去除效率可达98％以上；再生后的吸附剂容量变化不大，是一种具有较高应用价值的新型材料。     

A biomimetic absorbent for removal of trace level persistent organic pollutants from water

A novel biomimetic absorbent containing the lipid triolein was developed for removing persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from water. The structural characteristics of the absorbent were obtained by SEM and a photoluminescence method. Under optimum preparation conditions, triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate (CA) spheres, the absorbent was stable and no triolein leaked into the water. Dieldrin, endrin, aldrin and heptachlor epoxide were effectively removed by the CA--triolein absorbent in laboratory batch experiments. This suggests that CA-triolein absorbent may serve as a good absorbent for those selected POPs. Triolein in the absorbent significantly increased the absorption capacity, and lower residual concentrations of POPs were achieved when compared to the use of cellulose acetate absorbent. The absorption rate for lipophilic pollutants was very fast and exhibited some relationship with the octanol--water partition coefficient of the analyte. The absorption mechanism is discussed in detail.     

Cyclodextrins: a new efficient absorbent to treat waste gas streams

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the air provoke health and environmental concerns. This paper focuses on the absorption method to treat industrial polluted air loaded with VOCs. The key variable of this treatment being the choice of a suitable liquid absorbent, the aim of this research work is to investigate the effectiveness and the regeneration of a new potential family of absorbent: cyclodextrins (CDs). All CDs derivatives tested are able to decrease the Henry's law constant of toluene: a reduction of volatility up to 95% may be obtained, depending on CD nature and concentration. Moreover, absorption experiments show that beta-CD, which presents the highest absorption ability, is 250 time more efficient than water. The absorption efficiency is not totally correlated with static experiments, suggesting that, in addition to Henry's law constants and inclusion compounds stability, toluene diffusion into such solutions has to be taken into account. It is also to be noted that salt and pH variations seem to have little influence on the absorption capacity of CDs, which may be of great interest for industrial applications. Finally, since production of solid compounds was not observed during these experiments and since temperature decreases the capture ability in a drastic way, regeneration of the washing solution can be achieved by heating the solution in combination with air stripping.     

菌丝体表面分子印迹壳聚糖吸附剂对Cr3+的吸附性能研究

菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂所保留的印迹对过渡金属离子有着良好的吸附作用,以Cr3 作为吸附离子,系统研究了该吸附剂的吸附特性和影响因素.结果表明:吸附剂对Cr3 的饱和吸附容量可达60 mg/g;其吸附行为满足Langmuir方程式.初始浓度为200 mg/L时,最佳吸附pH在3～4,吸附容量可达到50 mg/g左右,离子强度对吸附没有影响,用0.5 mol/L硝酸或硫酸解吸Cr3 ,解吸率在90%以上.     

Arsenic(III) removal by adsorption on sawdust carbon

Studies on the removal of As(III) by adsorption on sawdust and sawdust carbon have been carried out at room temperature (25 ± 1°C). The adsorption isotherm of As(III) on sawdust carbon was obtained in a batch reactor. The process of uptake follows the first-order adsorption rate expression and obeys the Langmuir and Freundlich model of adsorption. The mass transfer coefficients as a function of initial sorbate concentration have been determined. Parameters such as pH and absorbent dose were studied. Maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 7.0.     

负载TiO_2的活性炭纤维改性电极电吸附除氟

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶,将TiO2凝胶涂覆在活性炭纤维表面并进行热处理制备改性电极（TiO2/ACF）,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射光谱仪（XRD）、比表面和孔隙度分析仪对负载前后电极的表面特性进行表征,并探讨了其对NaF溶液的电吸附效果。结果表明,电极负载TiO2后表面变得粗糙,比表面积和总孔体积减小,而介孔体积和平均孔径增大。此外,表面的TiO2同时以金红石和锐钛矿的晶型存在。电吸附实验结果显示,加电可以提高吸附容量,而且电压、pH和初始氟离子浓度均对电吸附容量产生影响：电压增大,吸附容量增加,当施加电压为2 V时,电吸附容量为1.03 mg/g,比开路电位时提高40%;pH可以通过影响氟离子在溶液中的存在形态和TiO2/ACF电极表面的羟基基团对电吸附容量产生影响;初始氟离子浓度升高,电极吸附容量增大,但是去除率降低。在处理初始氟离子浓度为4 mg/L的NaF溶液时,在2 V电压、中性pH和12 h的吸附时间下,改性ACF为电极的吸附量为1.32 mg/g。     

负载TiO2的活性炭纤维改性电极电吸附除氟

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶,将TiO2凝胶涂覆在活性炭纤维表面并进行热处理制备改性电极(TiO2/ACF),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射光谱仪(XRD)、比表面和孔隙度分析仪对负载前后电极的表面特性进行表征,并探讨了其对NaF溶液的电吸附效果。结果表明,电极负载TiO2后表面变得粗糙,比表面积和总孔体积减小,而介孔体积和平均孔径增大。此外,表面的TiO2同时以金红石和锐钛矿的晶型存在。电吸附实验结果显示,加电可以提高吸附容量,而且电压、pH和初始氟离子浓度均对电吸附容量产生影响:电压增大,吸附容量增加,当施加电压为2 V时,电吸附容量为1.03 mg/g,比开路电位时提高40%;pH可以通过影响氟离子在溶液中的存在形态和TiO2/ACF电极表面的羟基基团对电吸附容量产生影响;初始氟离子浓度升高,电极吸附容量增大,但是去除率降低。在处理初始氟离子浓度为4 mg/L的NaF溶液时,在2 V电压、中性pH和12 h的吸附时间下,改性ACF为电极的吸附量为1.32 mg/g。     

腐熟污泥对废水中Cd(Ⅱ)与Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

利用腐熟污泥作为一种重金属吸附剂,考察其对水中重金属锌和镉的吸附过程.实验数据的拟合采用了Pseudo-first Order-和Pseudo-second Order 2种动力学模型以及Langmuir和Freundlich 2种吸附等温线模型;拟合结果表明,腐熟污泥对锌与镉的吸附过程符合Pseudo-second ...     

Evaluation of Al30 polynuclear species in polyaluminum solutions as coagulant for water treatment

Polyaluminum coagulant with a content of 76.8% of Al30 (PACAl30) was prepared. Its coagulation behaviors were compared with high Al13 content polyaluminum coagulant (PACAl13) and AlCl3. The species stability was studied using Al-Ferron method and 27Al NMR. The coagulation performances were investigated by studying the rate of flocs development, the turbidity removal efficiency and charge neutralization capacity under fixed pH conditions and uncontrolled pH conditions. The effect of pH on coagulation was also studied. The results show that PACAl30 are stable for using as coagulant. PACAl30 causes less pH depression than PACAl13. The charge neutralization capacity of PACAl30 is slightly lower than that of PACAl13 at pH6.8 and higher at pH 6.5. PACAl30 achieves the most effective turbidity removal in these three coagulants. And it acts effectively within a much broader dosage range and a wider pH range when compared with PACAl13. PACAl30 achieves the highest turbidity removal due to its strong flocs formation capacity. The results verify that Al30 is another highly active coagulation/flocculation species for turbidity removal.