大型电石炉电能质量问题及解决方案

为减小大型电石炉对系统的冲击,对大型电石炉进行电能质量测试,对试验数据进行统计分析。结果表明:大型电石炉在运行过程中会产生较大的不平衡电流及谐波分量,需考虑综合治理。     

化工工业园区无功补偿方案仿真研究

针对某化工工业园区电石炉群运行时造成园区功率因数低的问题,利用电力系统分析综合程序(Power System Analysis Software Package,PSASP)建立园区电石炉群仿真模型,提出合理的无功补偿方案,并通过仿真分析和计算,对方案的有效性进行了验证。仿真结果表明:该无功补偿方案能够有效提高园区功率因数,减少电石炉群运行时对电网的影响。     

电石渣代替石灰石作为脱硫剂在鸳鸯湖电厂的应用

电石渣属于Ⅱ类一般工业固体废物,为提高废弃资源利用率,降低烟气脱硫生产成本,介绍了在不经过脱硫设备改造的前提下,通过掺比比例、浆液pH、供浆密度配比的控制,将电石渣代替石灰石作为脱硫剂进行了现场验证,并在神华国能宁夏煤电有限公司鸳鸯湖电厂取得了成功应用。此方法可以降低生产成本,促进经济社会与自然生态环境的协调发展。     

某电厂脱硫废水处理系统的优化改造

针对某电厂 2×330 MW 机组脱硫废水处理设备腐蚀、废水超标排放的问题,对系统设备及废水水质进行了技术分析,提出了将脱硫废水引入锅炉渣水系统的优化改造措施。结果表明:改造方案在解决了脱硫废水超标排放的同时减少了锅炉除渣系统补水,降低了脱硫废水对设备和管道的腐蚀,产生了较好的环境和经济效益。     

液位系统的辅助变量复合建模方法研究

针对发电过程控制策略设计和计量方法研究过程中,对系统模型要求越来越高的现状,基于辅助变量最小二乘(RIVLS)辨识方法,提出一种分别以一阶惯性加纯滞后模型(FOPDT)和二阶惯性加纯滞后模型(SOPDT)为基本组成部分,以建模误差的均方差为加权因子的复合建模方法,并通过实验室液位系统建模仿真过程,证明新算法的有效性。仿真结果表明:该方法具有提高建模准确性的作用,该建模方法可以扩展应用于其它对模型精度要求较高的生产过程中。     

SCAL型间冷系统循环废水回收处理

SCAL型间冷系统的循环废水中含有大量铁铝腐蚀产物,根据间冷循环水的水质特点,通过理论分析拟定了回收方案,通过工业实验对其进行了验证。结果表明,实施回收前需要对废水的温度、pH值、浊度和铁铝含量进行测定,当循环废水的水质指标不能满足水处理设备进水要求时,需要按照一定的比例将间冷循环废水和厂区生水在生水箱中混合后再进行回收处理。     

锅炉磨煤机启停不投油的试验分析

针对火电厂磨煤机启停时锅炉需投油助燃,增加发电成本的问题,华能大坝电厂对现有的磨煤机启停规程进行调整,对 4 台锅炉的磨煤机在设定条件下进行了启停不投油试验,确定了磨煤机启停时对应的燃烧器不投助燃油的锅炉运行条件。应用结果表明:实施磨煤机启停燃烧器不投油技术后,大坝电厂 4 台机组 2014 年至少节约燃油 575 t,约合人民币 413 万多元,经济效益非常显著。     

快速设置装配式防洪子堤的设计及应用

针对防洪工程要求和目前防洪子堤技术存在的问题,提出了可折叠的装配式防洪子堤的设计思想,进行了子堤的材料性能试验和结构设计,研制了一种装配式玻璃钢桐木夹层防洪子堤.通过对子堤在土堤和混凝土堤表面挡水试验和快速设置技术的应用研究,表明该防洪子堤具有重量轻、可重复使用和快速设置等特点,特别适合在需要临时加高的水库大坝、江防大堤和城市河岸堤防工程中使用.     

土体环境对微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积加固海相粉土的影响研究

生物地基处理技术利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积来加固土体,符合环境保护和可持续发展的要求,具有良好的发展前景。目前已取得的研究成果主要是针对简单离子化学环境下的松散砂土,对不同环境下的细粒土研究的较少。以江苏东部沿海地区的海相吹填粉土为研究对象,选用巴氏芽孢杆菌进行微生物注浆试验,定量分析温度、pH值、氯化盐含量、土体中胶结阳离子含量等土中的环境因素对加固效果的影响规律。结果表明:随着温度的升高、试样中生成的碳酸钙增加,但无侧限抗压强度并不是呈现出一直提高的趋势,而是存在一个峰值。偏碱性的环境有利于巴氏芽孢杆菌的工作,但过高的pH值会影响加固效果。土中的氯化盐含量过高时会抑制细菌的活性从而对加固产生不利影响。土中的胶结阳离子含量对微生物注浆的影响很小,可忽略不计。本次试验研究结果能为现场环境下采用MICP技术加固粉土提供有效的依据。     

±660kV换流站无功控制与滤波器投切策略研究

针对银川东换流站运行时无功消耗量大的情况,通过分析直流输电系统无功产生的原因,计算无功消耗的大小,研究了±660 kV 直流输电系统无功控制的方法,并提出了交流滤波器的控制原则和投切策略。应用结果表明:控制原则和投切策略确保了换流站交流母线电压在合格范围。     

Degradation and Pathway of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Aqueous Solution by Potassium Ferrate

In the context of water treatment, the ferrate ([FeO(4)](2-)) ion has long been known for its strong oxidizing power and for producing a coagulant from its reduced form [i.e., Fe(III)]. However, it has not been widely applied in water treatment, because of preparation difficulties and high cost. This article describes a low-cost procedure for producing solid potassium ferrate. In this synthetic procedure, NaClO was used in place of chlorine generation; and 10?M KOH was used in place of saturated KOH in the previous procedures. In addition, this study investigated the reactions of potassium ferrate with tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) at different pH and molar ratios. Results showed that the optimal pH range for TC degradation was pH 9-10, and TC could be mostly removed by Fe(VI) in 60?s. However, results showed >70% of TC degraded and <15% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) reduction at molar ratio of 1:20. The main degradation pathway of TC is proposed based on the experimental data.     

水泥土搅拌桩的桩径分析

针对搅拌桩施工会引起周围土体的位移及产生很高的超静孔隙水压力的工程现象,首先分析了搅拌桩施工中固化剂的注入体积与膨胀压力、成桩直径的关系。结果表明,5%~10%的注入浆液的体积可以对周围土体产生1.8~3.0倍不排水抗剪强度的膨胀压力,成桩直径比搅拌叶片的名义直径大5%~10%。然后量测室内模型桩、现场搅拌桩的成桩直径,分析了注入浆液的体积与成桩直径的关系。结果表明,对于深度不太大的水泥土搅拌桩,有约45%的注入体积会通过上浮隆起的土体损失掉;大约5%的注入体积通过劈裂裂缝渗入到周围土体中;大约50%的注入体积会转化为成桩直径,使桩体膨胀5%~10%,即实测桩径比搅拌叶片的名义直径大5%~10%。     

泥水盾构带压开舱时压力舱内不同泥浆液位下开挖面稳定性分析∗

泥水盾构在水下复杂地层带压开舱作业时,一般会根据实际情况将压力舱内泥浆降低至一定的液位。依托武汉地铁8号线越江隧道工程带压开舱作业实例,采用FLAC3D软件,对不同泥浆液位下盾构隧道开挖面主被动极限支护力及失稳破坏模式进行研究。结果表明:对于本工程上土下岩的复合地层带压开舱工况而言,不同泥浆液位下开挖面主动破坏均属于整体失稳破坏,且随着泥浆液位的降低,主动极限支护力先增后减,开挖面敏感区域逐渐下移并扩大,液位下降至隧道中心处时主动极限支护力最小;不同泥浆液位下开挖面的被动破坏均属于局部失稳破坏,被动极限支护力呈逐渐降低的趋势,最敏感区域均位于开挖面上半部;当泥浆液位降低至隧道中心以下时,隧道拱顶处支护力显著大于地层土水压力,此时开挖面面临较严峻的被动失稳风险,因此实际施工时不建议液位下降至隧道中心以下。     

电子絮凝技术在含煤废水系统中的应用

通过对宁夏电投西夏热电有限公司在节水和水污染防治方面的实证研究，对比分析其加药絮凝式含煤废水处理工艺和电子絮凝式含煤废水处理工艺，从技术原理、工艺流程、工艺优缺点等方面阐述并证明了现有工艺在节能增效方面的重要性。     

太湖流域污水处理厂升级改造的措施与思考

太湖蓝藻事件的爆发促使了太湖流域污水处理厂大范围的升级改造,升级改造的主要措施有强化生物处理、深度处理等,具体工程措施需要结合水质处理要求、现有处理工艺、经济发展水平等进行比选。升级改造的出水水质需要结合纳污水体的污染现状和环境容量进行合理确定。升级改造过程中需要重视进水水质水量的设计与监控,加强工程投资和运行费用的控制。     

反渗透装置一段压差迅速上升的原因分析

针对大唐南京发电厂2×660 MW超超临界机组化学水处理系统反渗透装置运行期间一段压差迅速上升问题进行了分析,故障原因为含有高分子助凝剂(聚丙烯酰胺)的污泥脱水分离液进入反渗透系统,造成反渗透膜严重污堵;采用了离线物理清理和在线化学清洗相结合的方法,使反渗透装置恢复了正常运行。分析结果表明:在化学水处理设置有反渗透系统的新建电厂中,含有高分子聚丙烯酰胺的污泥脱水分离液,应单独排放到工业废水池或煤冲洗水复用系统中,以免造成后续反渗透系统膜元件的严重污染。     

Filtration of Lignin from a Lignocellulose-Based Ethanol Pilot Plant

Abstract An increasing demand for bio-based vehicle fuels and impending harsher regulations of CO2 emissions are driving the development of a second generation of ethanol fuel processes. These processes will increase yields and make new feedstocks available, as they are designed to handle lignocellulosic materials such as wood. In order to achieve a sound financial economy of such a process, as well as an acceptable degree of energy efficiency, it is of the utmost importance that the lignin produced has a high dry content. An experimental study was conducted on lignin slurry from a pilot plant in the north of Sweden, in which the lignin slurry was filtered, pressed, and characterized. The dewatering was evaluated with the classical filtration equation by determining the average specific filtration resistance of the filter cakes. Compared with previous work, relatively low values of the specific filtration resistance were obtained. It is probable that the low values were an effect of the high amount of cel...     

Comparison of Advection-Diffusion Models and Neural Networks for Prediction of Advanced Water Treatment Effluent

An artificial neural network (ANN) can help in the prediction of advanced water treatment effluent and thus facilitate design practices. In this study, sets of 225 experimental data were obtained from a wastewater treatment process for the removal of phosphorus using oven-dried alum residuals in fixed-bed adsorbers. Five input variables (pH, initial phosphorus concentration, wastewater flow rate, porosity, and time) were used to test the efficiency of phosphorus removal at different times, and ANNs were then used to predict the effluent phosphorus concentration. Results of experiments that were conducted for different values of the input parameters made up the data used to train and test a multilayer perceptron using the back-propagation algorithm of the ANN. Values predicted by the ANN and the experimentally measured values were compared, and the accuracy of the ANN was evaluated. When ANN results were compared to the experimental results, it was concluded that the ANN results were accurate, especially during conditions of high phosphorus concentration. While the ANN model was able to predict the breakthrough point with good accuracy, the conventional advection-diffusion equation was not as accurate. A parametric study conducted to examine the effect of the initial pH and initial phosphorus concentration on the effluent phosphorus concentration at different times showed that lower influent pH values are the most suitable for this advanced treatment system.