电解和臭氧技术在染料废水处理中的实践

介绍电解和臭氧二级物化技术结合生化工艺处理染料废水的方法.将高浓度染料废水先用电解方法破坏高分子有机物的链状结构,并在Fe2 的催化作用下,臭氧直接氧化废水中的有机污染物,再和低浓度废水混合后采用接触氧化工艺处理.运行结果表明,CODCr、SS和色度的平均去除率分别为91.7%、89.8%、99.9%,出水水质能符合GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准.该工艺具有处理效果好、设施运行稳定、占地省、处理成本低、污泥量少等优点,具有较好的应用和推广价值.     

电催化氧化法深度处理化工园区废水

采用电催化氧化法处理化工园区废水,运行效果表明电催化氧化法适用于化工园区废水的深度处理,污染物的去除率比较高、运行效果很稳定、操作也很简单。废水经处理后,出水CODCr的平均浓度为5mg/L,CODCr的去除率达到了89.6%;氨氮的平均浓度为0.5 mg/L,氨氮的去除率达到了89.8%。参照《子牙河流域水污染物排放标准》（DB 13/2796-2018）,与其对重点控制区设定的排放限值比较发现,电催化氧化法均能使水质达到更优的水平。     

反硝化聚磷SBR与微动力曝气组合技术处理猪场废水的研究

在实验室模拟条件下,以猪场废水(粪尿及冲洗水等混合废水)为例,研究传统SBR(A/O模式)与反硝化聚磷(DNPAO)SBR在脱氮除磷及有机质降解方面的可行性及其功效.结果发现,采用传统SBR工艺直接处理猪场废水,其处理系统效率较低,处理效果不稳定,出水水质不佳,废水处理后出水TN、TP和BOD5的去除率分别为89.08%、86.04%和93.88%.而改用反硝化聚磷SBR,同时配以微动力曝气法,采用废水输入两步法与双循环"厌氧-缺氧/微氧"运行模式,可实现猪场废水TN、TP和BOD5去除率分别高达93.95%、99.26%和99.93%.由于其独特的工艺设计可使处理水NO-3浓度和输出负荷"双低".同时ORP、pH与DO 3项关键参数的动态变化可以间接地揭示微动力曝气SBR技术运行状态及出水水质,但在实际条件下的中试运行成效有待于进一步研究.     

SBR处理制药废水影响因素的研究

结合工程实际采用水解酸化-SBR工艺处理制药废水,处理水量为2 000 m3/d。SBR对CODcr的处理率稳定在92.2%～95.8%间,平均为94.23%,对氨氮的去除率在82.7%～97.6%,平均去除率达到90.73%。水解酸化-SBR稳定运行后,系统出水各项指标均达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(8978-1996)二级排放标准。运行结果表明,SBR运行最佳参数为:曝气时间8小时,污泥负荷控制0.23～0.28(kg CODcr/kg MLSS.d),温度26℃～30℃。该工艺用于处理高浓度制药废水效果稳定,耐冲击负荷高。     

EPP填料曝气生物滤池处理城市污水厂二级出水的中试研究

对韩国产EPP填料应用于曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理二级出水的效果及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明:利用该填料的BAF系统处理二级出水,CODCr平均去除率为49.1%,BOD5平均去除率为51.4%,NH 4-N平均去除率为76%,SS平均去除率为52.6%.系统稳定运行后,出水水质达到了城市杂用水水质控制指标.改变水力负荷和气水比对CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N的去除效率都有影响,但对SS去除率影响不大.     

改良SBR工艺处理德士古煤气化废水

对德士古煤气化废水的产生及水质特性进行了分析,废水首先经蒸氨,将氨氮浓度从1300～2700 mg/L降低至200～300 mg/L,后续处理采用具有生物脱氮功能的处理工艺.对A/O、SBR及其改良工艺进行了综合评述,重点介绍了碟式射流曝气在改良SBR工艺中的应用,及该工艺的运行周期设置和特点.工程实践表明,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定、操作及控制灵活,氨氮去除率达到98%,出水浓度小于10 mg/L.     

粉煤灰-SBR和SBR处理染料废水对比研究

试验采用两套完全相同的SBR系统,向其中一个反应器中投加活化后的粉煤灰构成粉煤灰-SBR系统,与传统的SBR对染料废水进行对比试验研究,考察了系统处理效果、污泥沉降性、所需缺氧搅拌及曝气时间。结果表明：粉煤灰-SBR系统运行末期COD和色度的去除率分别稳定在90％、88％;SBR系统COD和色度的去除率分别在85％、78％左右,粉煤灰-SBR较SBR系统的出水水质更好。且粉煤灰-SBR系统较SBR系统在处理染料废水时污泥沉降性能好,在较短缺氧搅拌时间内生化性更容易提高,反应所需的曝气时间更短。     

常温条件下UASB+SBR工艺处理甲胺、甲醇废水试验研究

甲胺、甲醇及其产品均具有较强的毒性和危险性,因此含甲胺的废水须经一定处理达标后才能排放.以山东肥城某化工厂含甲胺、甲醇混合(体积比1∶1)废水.在常温条件下,采用厌氧 好氧(UASB SBR)2级串联组合工艺进行处理.该甲胺,甲醇混合废水呈酸性,COD浓度较高.其BOD与COD比值为0.64.可生化性良好.试验中调整、控制UASB和SBR反应器的各运行参数,通过检测处理效果比较得出该工艺在常温条件下处理该化工废水的最佳运行参数值.试验结果表明UASB在常温下运行81d,启动基本完成.UASB最佳水力停留时间为24h整个工艺对COD有机物有一定的去除效果,COD平均去除率为68.14%;系统的TN去除效率较为稳定.平均去除率可达72.3%.出水TN浓度在16.56mg/L以下;系统有一定的抗冲击负荷能力,但不是很强;系统有一定的耐低温性,低温环境下(9.0～14.2'C.平均为12.3℃)系统COD平均去除率为55.80%,UASB反应器未发生酸化现象.     

EGSB-SBR处理饮料生产废水工程设计

根据饮料生产废水污染物组份分析,对废水处理工艺进行选择,介绍工程设计的主要设计参数,提供具体的工程运行效果。实践证明采用EGSB-SBR处理,系统出水水质达到《GB8978-1996污水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准,EGSB工艺对CODCr的平均去除率达到83%,SBR工艺对CODCr的平均去除率达到88%。     

皂素生产废水处理方法比较研究

皂素生产废水为难处理高浓度酸性含硫有机废水,目前常用处理工艺为UASB+SBR,但该工艺运行效果较差。文章对UASB+SBR改进工艺进行了比较研究,结果表明:在UASB中加入适量铁屑和颗粒活性炭解除了SO42-的二次抑制,COD去除率比对照组UASB高2%～3%,出水水质COD一直稳定在1300mg/L左右,去除率在95%以上,出水无异味。UASB中污泥增长速率约为0.0686d-1,是仅加活性炭污泥增长速率(0.0197d-1)的3.48倍,可见加入铁屑后污泥增长速率改变明显。该改进UASB+SBR工艺的COD去除率高于对照组,出水COD维持在200mg/L以下,略带浅黄色(20倍左右),低于GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》原料药料二级排放标准值(300mg/L),SBR污泥增长速率为0.3083d-1,略高于对照组。     

CWSBR~工艺在西乌旗污水净化厂的应用

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗污水净化厂采用恒定水位运行的CWSBR工艺,经过接近两个月的污泥培养和试运行,出水水质达到城镇污水排放一级A标准。针对低C/N进水的实际状况,CWSBR系统通过采用单个周期多步进水及时序的可控调整,强化了系统的脱氮除磷性能。稳定运行阶段出水NH4+-N为3 mg/L以下,TN为15 mg/L以下,TP为0.5 mg/L以下。另外,该厂出水通过中水储池及升压提升,能够满足市政及工业回用需求,回用率达到80%以上。     

Function of anaerobic portion in a conventional sequencing batch reactor

The performance of SBRs treating two kinds of wastewater(synthetic wastewater containing polyvinyl alcohol and effluent from a coke-plant wastewater treatment system)was investigated in this study,in order to examine the exact function of anaerobic portion in a conventional SBR.The set up of 4-or 8-hour anaerobic mixing period in a SBR's cycle did not benefit for PVA degradation.While an anaerobic reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge could partly hydrolyse and acidify PVA into readily-degradable intermediates.During the anaerobic fill period of an SBR treating the effluent from a coke-plant wastewater treatment system,the organic concentration was reduced to certain extent due to the adsorption of activated sludge and dilution of the mixed liquor from the previous cycle.Parts of readily-degradable organics in the influent were utilised by denitrifiers as carbon source.The biomass in a conventional SBR was alternatively imposed to aerobic and anaerobic conditions in its operating cycle,the environmental conditions needed for anaerobic hydrolization and acidification of refractory organics could not occur in such an SBR.     

Optimization of phosphorus removal in uniFed SBR system for domestic wastewater treatment

The characteristic of phosphorus removal and appropriate change of the traditional operation modes were investigated in UniFed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) laboratory-scale apparatus (40 L), treating actual domestic wastewater with low ratios of C/N (2.57) and C/P (30.18), providing theoretical basis for actual application of wastewater treatment plant. UniFed SBR system with its unique operation mode had the distinct superiority of phosphorus removal. On this occasion, the effect of volumetric exchange ratio (VER) and the method of influent introduction for phosphorus removal were studied. When the carbon source became the limiting factor to phosphorus release, the higher the VER, the lower the phosphorus concentration in the effluent. Three different influent patterns, including one-time filling, four-time filling, and continuous filling with the same quantity of wastewater could increase the release rate of anaerobic phosphorus from 0.082 to 0.143 mg·P·(L·min)⁻¹. Appropriate change of the traditional operation modes could optimize the efficiency of phosphorus removal. When the feed/ decant time was extended from 2 h to 4 h, the phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 59.93% to 88.45% without any external carbon source. In the mode of alternation of anoxic-aerobic (A/O) condition, phosphorous removal efficiency increased from 55.07% to 72.27% clearly. The carbon source in the influent can be used adequately, and denitrifying phosphorus removal was carried out in anoxic stage 2 (A2). This mode was optimal for the treatment of actual domestic wastewater with low C/N and C/P ratios.     

高无机悬浮物进水对城市污水厂处理效果的冲击影响及机理研究

针对我国南方城市污水厂经常出现的高无机悬浮物(SS)负荷冲击问题,在分析其进水水质特性的基础上,研究了高无机SS负荷冲击对活性污泥系统的污泥特性、污泥活性、出水水质和去除效率等方面的影响.结果表明:高无机SS负荷冲击条件下,剩余污泥的含水率会变小,排泥量是主要的控制参数,应减小冲击初期剩余污泥排放体积;活性污泥的硝化速率、反硝化速率、释磷速率和吸磷速率分别比正常情况下降了30.5%、36.7%、35.0%和28.1%;COD去除效率不会改变,SS、TN和NH+4-N的去除效率会降低,但能够提高TP的去除效率.研究结果可为制定相应的工艺对策和措施奠定基础.     

超声对SBR工艺中剩余污泥的减量化研究

实验采用超声处理已稳定运行的SBR系统产生的剩余污泥,通过改变声能密度和作用时间对污泥进行处理,并回流至反应器,研究在不影响出水水质的前提下实现污泥减量化的条件。实验表明:在不同的声能密度和作用时间下系统出水仍可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级排放标准,且系统污泥量稳定。在声能密度1W/mL、作用时间15min,系统运行时间为6h时,可将进水COD487mg/L降至57mg/L,MLSS维持在约3000mg/L,污泥SVI为79。     

SBR法处理味精废水脱氮机理研究

味精生产过程中产生的废水有机物及氨氮含量较高,一直影响味精行业废水处理达标排放。文章采用SBR法对某企业味精废水进行处理,通过连续多周期的DO、pH、COD、NH3-N、NO3--N和TN跟踪研究,分析得到了该反应工艺的主要脱氮机理,确定该工艺在曝气反应阶段存在明显的同步好氧硝化反硝化。连续20个周期的进出水NH3-N与COD监测结果表明,该反应工艺能稳定运行并保证NH3-N和COD的脱除率分别达到98.9%和90%以上,出水NH3-N和COD分别稳定在5mg/L和100mg/L以下,远远低于国家味精行业废水排放标准。该研究表明此工艺具有很强的废水处理稳定性,可以在整个味精行业推广,并提出了在提高进水负荷、取消静置反硝化及缩短曝气反应时间上进一步优化SBR水处理工艺的建议。     

AnGMBR处理低浓度废水的运行特性

采用厌氧颗粒污泥床膜生物反应器（AnGMBR）对模拟生活污水进行处理,并对其运行特性进行研究.结果表明,在室温、进水COD 260mg/L的条件下,AnGMBR的出水COD能稳定维持在30mg/L以下,即使HRT降至5h,系统的出水COD仍满足一级A排放标准.AnGMBR的总甲烷转化量在0.234~0.271L/g COD_去除之间,其进水COD约有61%~70%转化为甲烷.AnGMBR在运行过程中颗粒污泥的粒径、机械强度没有较大的差异,颗粒污泥具有较好的稳定性.经过一段时间的连续运行,AnGMBR的TMP稳定维持在35kPa左右,膜丝在经过清洗后,其性能能够得到有效的恢复.AnGMBR中用于颗粒污泥流化所需的能耗较低,膜滤出水为主要的需能部位,系统各阶段的产能均能满足能耗需求.AnGMBR高效稳定的运行表明,AnGMBR作为一个低耗高效的废水处理系统,具有良好应用潜力.     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.     

污泥龄对高浓度含氮废水亚硝化稳定性的影响研究

为考察污泥龄与高浓度含氮废水亚硝化稳定性之间的关系,采用连续进水、间歇排水SBR工艺,当水力停留时间为0.75 d,污泥停留时间为3 d时,系统亚硝化率约为75%和氨氮降解率约为60%。试验结果证明SRT控制在一定范围内能实现对硝酸菌的"洗出",使亚硝酸菌占据系统中的优势地位,从而保证了系统较高的亚硝化率。     

SBR活性污泥系统去除模拟废水中Pb2+的研究

为了考察不同Pb2+浓度(3、5、10 mg/L)下,SBR活性污泥系统对模拟含铅废水中Pb2+的去除效果,分析了活性污泥去除Pb2+的影响因素,并采用动力学模型、红外光谱及X射线能谱对活性污泥吸附Pb2+的机理进行了研究. 结果表明:①Pb2+浓度分别为3和5 mg/L时,SBR活性污泥系统对模拟含铅废水中Pb2+的去除率均在98%以上,该系统中活性污泥的Pb2+吸附量为6.2 mg/g;Pb2+浓度为10 mg/L时,SBR活性污泥系统运行后期Pb2+的去除率有所下降,这与该系统Pb2+累积量(351.6 mg)过高有关. ②在Pb2+长期作用下,SBR活性污泥系统各试验阶段的MLSS均会经历先下降再恢复的过程,且该系统中生物多样性和物种丰富度明显下降,可逐渐筛选出对Pb2+耐受性较强的微生物. ③SBR活性污泥系统去除Pb2+的适宜pH范围为6~7,最佳温度为25 ℃. ④活性污泥对Pb2+的吸附机理主要表现为化学吸附作用,包含表面有机络合、离子交换等过程. 研究显示,SBR活性污泥系统更适用于处理低浓度(3、5 mg/L)的含Pb2+废水.