浅谈胶粉的应用(续四)

(接上期) 4.3 防水密封材料 4.3.1 胶粉沥青嵌缝油膏 在沥青油膏中加入胶粉改性,可以提高沥青油膏的软化点,增加低温下的延伸性.胶粉在沥青油膏中的用量一般在15%～30%,如果用量过大,则在一定程度上降低油膏的粘结性能.此外,胶粉的粒度大小,混合工艺对油膏的性能也有一定的影响.在胶粉沥青油膏中,还掺混有硫化剂、促进剂及成膜催干剂等组分,以使油膏获得良好的使用性能.表47为常用的三种胶粉沥青嵌缝油膏的配方与性能.     

我国废橡胶粉用于沥青改性的研究及应用

从道路建设与防水卷材制造两方面,描述了我国废橡胶粉在沥青改性用途中的研究及应用现状。大量国内试验及应用实例表明,与普通石油沥青相比,胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度、软化点、温度敏感性、稳定性和抗老化性等性能均得到了改善。此外,较之其他种类的沥青改性剂,废橡胶粉成本低,具有环保与资源节约的优点,对我国循环经济的发展具有重要意义。     

废玻璃钢粉填充丁腈橡胶的性能研究

研究了废玻璃钢粉填充丁腈橡胶的性能。从取向和非取向两个方面探讨了废玻璃铜粉含量对丁腈橡胶性能的影响，比较了废玻璃铜粉和碳酸钙对丁腈橡胶性能的影响。结果表明，玻璃钢粉对于丁腈橡胶具有一定的补强作用，随着玻璃钢粉加入量的增加，电阻率略有下降；由于玻璃短纤维的存在使得胶片取向与非取向方向的性能有所差异。综合性能考虑，使用20份废玻璃钢粉的复合材料具有较高的性能价格比。     

废旧天然胶胶粉应用研究

以80目的废天然胶胶粉为研究对象,处理后将其分别以20%,30%的比例添加到天然混炼胶(NR)中,制备废胶粉/NR共混硫化胶;同时,通过邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)和高芳烃油对胶粉进行处理改性,制备了全胶粉弹性体。拉伸强度测试表明,对于共混胶弹性体,NR混炼胶空白样的拉伸强度为19.21 MPa,添加20%,30%比例的胶粉/NR共混硫化胶的拉伸强度可以分别达到18.03 MPa,17.23 MPa;改性后制备的全胶粉混炼胶硫化样品拉伸强度达到8.12 MPa,超过了再生胶的国标标准。同时应用扫描电子显微镜SEM分析、比较了各试样断裂面的微观结构,应用比表面仪BET和SEM表征了胶粉的表面形貌与结构,发现胶粉表面呈现"绒球"状,具有较好的表面性能。     

三元乙丙橡胶活性胶粉研制

与再生胶的生产相比,胶粉生产流程简化,对环境友好。通过自行设计的粉碎设备生产出三元乙丙橡胶胶粉,并在生产过程中对胶粉进行活化改性处理,得到粒径60目以上,绒球状,比表面积达0.41 m2/g的活性胶粉。将该胶粉掺杂到相应的混炼胶中,当掺杂比例达到30%时,制品仍能保持较好性能。     

ABS-g-GMA对超细活性废胶粉改性沥青性能的影响

采用废胶粉为改性能,分别制备了超细活性废胶粉改性沥青(UACRMA)和普通废胶粉改性沥青(CRMA),分别利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、光学显微镜和旋转流变仪研究体系的微观结构和流变特性,探讨了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS-g-GMA)对UACRMA和CRMA的增容作用效果。结果表明,ABS-g-GMA可以有效提高胶粉在沥青基质中的分散性,抑制体系中胶粉发生团聚,增加胶粉颗粒与沥青基质界面间的作用力,对体系具有明显的增容效果。当ABS-g-GMA的添加量为3份时,能够获得综合性能优异的UACRMA。同时,该体系的复数粘度低于ABS-g-GMA改性CRMA体系,便于施工应用。     

基于MICP技术的再生骨料改性研究综述

分析总结了微生物矿化技术对再生骨料堆积密度、吸水率、压碎指标3个方面性能的影响,结果显示,微生物矿化技术处理后的再生骨料物理力学性能有明显改善,且改善效果与微生物活性和处理时间有重要关联。     

脱硫粉的粒度评述

阐述了脱硫粉剂粒度组成的内涵，确定粒度配比的必要性和3种粒度配比（曲线）的比较，为正确选用脱硫粉粒度提供基础资料。     

低质粉煤灰活化技术研究

系统地研究了机械粉磨、化学添加剂对低质粉煤灰粒度和活性的影响,在此基础上协同采用粉磨、化学激发剂、湿热养护、低温焙烧工艺,制备出了一种高效能水泥掺合料,可以在80%范围内等量替代水泥熟料,生产22.5砌筑水泥到52.5等级水泥.该工艺是一种大比例利用低质粉煤灰的有效途径.     

改性沥青用胶粉研发基地落户天津

改性沥青用橡胶粉研发基地日前在天津市橡胶工业研究所新园区内正式挂牌成立。 公路改性沥青用橡胶粉研发基地设立在天津市橡胶工业研究所下属的石油和化学工业橡胶及再生产品质量监督检验中心。该中心将主要进行硫化橡胶粉在公路及建筑材料中的应用及推广，第一批立项的2个课题是路面封层胶粉改性沥青的研制和混凝土路面填缝胶粉改性聚合物。     

Experimental study of rubber tire aggregates effect on compressive and dynamic load-bearing properties of cylindrical concrete specimens

Sustainable development has become a major focus for engineers and planners as part of their collective efforts in finding, developing and integrating environmental-friendly solutions for material recycling and waste management into design and construction of civil engineering infrastructure. In the past three decades, there has been an increase in recycling and application of waste materials into the concrete to decrease costs and improve material properties of the concrete. Significant growth in automobile manufacturing industry and increased rubber tire supply for vehicles suggested the application of waste tire particles as concrete aggregates to minimize the ecological footprint of the rubber tire waste due to its recycling process difficulties. In this paper, the effect of rubber tire particles on compressive and dynamic strength of concrete specimens with different particle percentiles was tested on more than 55 cylindrical specimens. To achieve the optimal mix design properties of rubber tire concrete specimens, both fine and coarse aggregates got replaced by fine and coarse rubber particles. Introduction of rubber tire particles as coarse and fine aggregate reduces the brittleness of the concrete and provides more flexible aggregate bonding which ultimately improves the dynamic resistance of the concrete. It increases the concrete workability and provides environmental-friendly and cost-effective solutions in using recycled materials for concrete construction applications.     

Characterization of the properties of thermoplastic elastomers containing waste rubber tire powder

The aim of this research was to recycle waste rubber tires by using powdering technology and treating the waste rubber tire powder with bitumen. It has been proven that the elongation at break, thermal stability and processing flowability of composites of polypropylene (PP), waste rubber tire powder (WRT) and bitumen composites are better than those of PP/WRT composite. A comparative study has been made to evaluate the influence of bitumen content and different compatibilizers on the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites, using a universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a capillary rheometer. The results suggested that the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites were dependent on the bitumen content and the kind of compatibilizer used.     

Utilization of waste tire rubber in manufacture of oriented strandboard

Some physical and mechanical properties of oriented strandboards (OSBs) containing waste tire rubber at various addition levels based on the oven-dry strand weight, using the same method as that used in the manufacture of OSB. Two resin types, phenol–formaldehyde (PF) and polyisocyanate, were used in the experiments. The manufacturing parameters were: a specific gravity of 0.65 and waste tire rubber content (10/90, 20/80 and 30/70 by wt.% of waste tire rubber/wood strand). Average internal bond values of PF-bonded OSB panels with rubber chips were between 17.6% and 48.5% lower than the average of the control samples while polyisocyanate bonded OSBs were 16.5–50.6%. However, water resistance and mechanical properties of OSBs made using polyisocyanate resin were found to comply with general-purpose OSB minimum property requirements of EN 300 Type 1 (1997) values for use in dry conditions at the lowest tire rubber loading level (10%) based on the oven-dry panel weight. The tire rubber improved water resistance of the OSB panel due to its almost hydrophobic property. Based on the findings obtained from this study, we concluded that waste tire rubber could be used for general-purpose OSB manufacturing up to 10% ratio based on the oven-dry panel weight.     

Possibility of using waste tire rubber and fly ash with Portland cement as construction materials

The growing amount of waste rubber produced from used tires has resulted in an environmental problem. Recycling waste tires has been widely studied for the last 20 years in applications such as asphalt pavement, waterproofing systems and membrane liners. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing fly ash and rubber waste with Portland cement as a composite material for masonry applications. Class C fly ash and waste automobile tires in three different sizes were used with Portland cement. Compressive and flexural strength, dry unit weight and water absorption tests were performed on the composite specimens containing waste tire rubber. The compressive strength decreased by increasing the rubber content while increased by increasing the fly ash content for all curing periods. This trend is slightly influenced by particle size. For flexural strength, the specimens with waste tire rubber showed higher values than the control mix probably due to the effect of rubber fibers. The dry unit weight of all specimens decreased with increasing rubber content, which can be explained by the low specific gravity of rubber particles. Water absorption decreased slightly with the increase in rubber particles size. These composite materials containing 10% Portland cement, 70% and 60% fly ash and 20% and 30% tire rubber particles have sufficient strength for masonry applications.     

Experimental research on compressibility characteristics of recycled concrete aggregate: recycled tire waste mixtures

The utilization of processed rubber and construction waste in lieu of soil as a substrate could improve significantly seismic performance, while addressing the pressing environmental issue of how to reutilize and dispose of, i.e., automotive tires and demolition by-products. In this study, a series of laboratory tests explore the influence of recycled tire waste (RTW) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) fine particles on the compressibility parameters of RCA–RTW mixtures. The results revealed that the addition of rubber waste to RCA causes an increase in its compressibility and consolidation index (c_v) while prompting a power law decrease in the associated void ratio. It is found that all RCA–RTW mixtures are characterized by higher values of the compression (C_C) and swelling (C_S) indexes when compared to the pure RCA specimens while presenting a primary and secondary constrained modulus of fewer than 42 MPa and 96 MPa, respectively.

     

Development of composite materials by mechanochemical treatment of post-consumer plastic waste

Improvement of mechanical properties of recycled mixed plastic waste is one of the fundamental goals in any recycling process. However, polymer immiscibility makes the development of any effective reprocessing method difficult. In this work, a polymer milling process with liquid CO2 was applied to polymeric mixed waste, obtaining a powder material which was successfully utilized as a matrix for a new composite material. Developed materials have interesting mechanical properties and material performance can easily be improved. Investigations on selected mixtures of PP and PE clearly showed evidence of chemical compatibilization.     

Modification of mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene from post-consumer containers

This study is conducted to look at the modification of mechanical properties of recycled polypropylene (PP) from post-consumer containers with the addition of stabilizers, elastomer (ethylene-octene rubber, EOR) and calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)). The mechanical and thermal properties of the blends were evaluated. The results showed limited changes with the addition of elastomer and calcium carbonate on the mechanical properties of the recycled polypropylene. Some differences were observed, but the trends were not reproducible over the different compositions. DSC analysis confirmed the presence of polyethylene (PE) in the recycled polypropylene. The polyethylene impurity and the presence of many different qualities of polypropylene in the recycled material may have prevented any possible improvement in the mechanical properties by the addition of EOR and CaCO(3), improvements seen in previous studies on virgin polypropylene. The compatibility of the different homopolymers and copolymers of PP used in consumer packaging is not known, while polyethylene and polypropylene are known not to be miscible with each other. The mixture of qualities and materials may explain such a poor blending. Reusing and upgrading of recycled PP from post-consumer containers would therefore first require a better sorting of the post-consumer waste. The use of an adequate compatibilizer that would allow a uniform and homogeneous blending of the raw material mixture might enhance the mechanical properties.     

Influence of different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires in embankment construction

Use of the processed used tires in embankment construction is becoming an accepted way of beneficially recycling scrap tires due to shortages of natural mineral resources and increasing waste disposal costs. Using these used tires in construction requires an awareness of the properties and the limitations associated with their use. The main objective of this paper is to assess the different processing techniques on the mechanical properties of used tires–sand mixtures to improve the engineering properties of the available soil. In the first part, a literature study on the mechanical properties of the processed used tires such as tire shreds, tire chips, tire buffings and their mixtures with sand are summarized. In the second part, large-scale direct shear tests are performed to evaluate shear strength of tire crumb–sand mixtures where information is not readily available in the literature. The test results with tire crumb were compared with the other processed used tire–sand mixtures. Sand–used tire mixtures have higher shear strength than that of the sand alone and the shear strength parameters depend on the processing conditions of used tires. Three factors are found to significantly affect the mechanical properties: normal stress, processing techniques, and the used tire content.     

Mechanical and durability properties of insulation mortar with rubber powder from waste tires

Fine rubber particles from scrap tires can be used as an insulation material by incorporating with Portland cement mortar. In addition to thermal properties, there are special mechanical and durability properties that are important for the insulation mortar. The addition of rubber particles has negative impact on these properties. The special properties for insulation mortar can be improved using cellulose ether, redispersible polymer powder (RPP), and wood fiber. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of these additives and the rubber powder on the properties of rubberized insulation mortar. With increasing rubber content, both flexural strength and compressive strength were reduced, but the reduction of flexural strength was not as significant as for the compressive strength. At a fixed rubber content, as the optimal amount of RPP and smaller rubber powder were used, the compressive strength of rubberized mortar satisfied the minimum requirement of the type N mortar. The drying shrinkage of the rubber mortar was about the same as the ordinary cement mortar. The permeability of the rubber mortar was low comparing with that of the ordinary cement mortar. The bond strength of the rubber mortar is low due to the reduced effective bonding surface.